Osmosis ikuraho umunyu. Ikuraho n'ibindi byose. Amazi ava mu ruhu rw'amazi akoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza amazi mu mazi aba afite ubukana bwa shimi - pH iri hasi, ubukana bwa hafi ya zeru, alkalinity hafi ya zeru, n'ubushobozi bwo kwangirika bushobora kuva mu ruziga mu ngingo zisogota no gushonga imiyoboro ya sima iva mu miyoboro ikwirakwiza amazi. Mu nkombe za Mediterane zo muri Esipanye, aho amazi adafite umunyu ava mu bimera byo ku nkombe anyura mu miyoboro ishaje ajya mu mijyi yo mu gihugu, ubwo bubasha bwo kwangirika ntabwo ari igitekerezo. Niyo mpamvu imiyoboro inanirwa mu miyoboro ikwirakwiza amazi adafite umunyu ihenda cyane kuyibungabunga kuruta imiyoboro isanzwe ikwirakwiza amazi.
Uburyo bwo gukora ni ugushyiramo mineralization: gushyira CO₂ yashongeshejwe mu mazi kugira ngo ugabanye pH yayo, hanyuma ukayinyuza mu cyuma gifata amazi aho CO₂ ikorana na karubone ya calcium kugira ngo isogonge karubone na bicarbonate mu mazi. Ibi bivamo amazi afite ubukana bugenzurwa n’ubukana - Langelier Saturation Index ihamye itazigera yangiza cyangwa ngo ikure inkuta z’imiyoboro.
Igipimo cya CO₂ gipima byose. CO₂ nke cyane: kalisiyumu idahagije ishonga mu kabuye k'amabuye, amazi agakomeza kwangirika. CO₂ nyinshi cyane: umwuka urenze urugero unyura mu cyuma gifata amazi ntahinduke, ukinjira mu buryo bwo gukwirakwiza amazi, hanyuma ugatera pH y'amazi ku robine - ibi bikaba ari ukutubahiriza amategeko agenga amazi yo muri Esipanye nk'uko biteganywa n'Itegeko ry'ukuri 140/2003 (amahame y'amazi yo kunywa, ntarengwa 500 mg/L CO₂). Sensor ya CO₂ yashongeshejwe ni yo yonyine ipima igipimo nyacyo cyatanzwe muri icyo gikorwa, ntabwo ari igipimo cyategetswe n'ipompo ipima.
Sensor
Sensoreri ya CO₂ yashongeshejwe ya Honde ikoresha electrode ya membrane yo mu bwoko bwa Severinghaus. CO₂ iva mu mazi anyura mu membrane ijya mu gice cy'imbere cy'amazi, aho ihindura pH iyo electrode ihinduramo igipimo cy'ubwinshi. Igipimo ni umwihariko wa CO₂ yashongeshejwe - ntabwo isubiza bikarubonati, karubonati, cyangwa ubundi bwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bwashongeshejwe.
| Ibisobanuro | Agaciro |
|---|---|
| Ihame ryo gupima | Electrode ya Severinghaus membrane |
| Urusobe rwa CO₂ | 0–2.000 ppm (0–2 g/L) |
| Uburinganire | ± 3% FS |
| Umusozo | 0.01 ppm |
| Kwishyura ubushyuhe | Ikora ku buryo bwikora, 0–50°C |
| Umusaruro | RS485 Modbus-RTU / 4–20 mA |
| Umuyoboro udafite umugozi | GPRS / 4G / WiFi / LoRa / LoRaWAN |
| Amazu | Icyuma kitagira umwanda cya 316L, IP68 |
Uburyo bwo kwishyura ubushyuhe bwikora ni bwo buryo bw'ingenzi bwo gukuramo umunyu mu nyanja ya Mediterane ya Esipanye. Ubushyuhe bw'amazi y'ibicuruzwa buri hagati ya 16°C mu gihe cy'itumba na 28°C mu mpeshyi - 12°C ihinduka bigatuma habaho ikosa rya 12–15% mu gupima CO₂ yashongeshejwe idasubijwe. Amategeko agenga amazi yo kunywa yo muri Esipanye asaba ko urugero rwa CO₂ rupimirwa aho amazi akwirakwizwa, ari ku bushyuhe bw'ikirere. Akamashini gapima kuri 20°C gapima amazi y'ibicuruzwa byo mu mpeshyi kuri 28°C karenga urugero rw'ingano ya CO₂ ku kigero cya 15% - bihagije kugira ngo gatere ikibazo cy'ubwiyongere bw'amazi ku ruganda rusanzwe rupima. Uburyo bwo kwishyura ubushyuhe bukuraho ubu bushyuhe bw'ibihe by'umwaka.
Imiterere y'Inzira Nyuma yo Kuvurwa
Mu ruganda rwa SWRO rwo muri Esipanye (amazi yo mu nyanja RO), sensor ya CO₂ yashongeshejwe ishyirwa ahantu habiri ho gupima:
Ingingo ya 1: Isoko ryo gupima CO₂hepfo y'umutwe w'ingufu za CO₂, hejuru y'ibikoresho by'ingufu za limestone. Sensor yemeza ingano nyayo ya CO₂ yashongeshejwe mbere y'uko amazi yinjira mu butaka bwa limestone. Ingano y'ingufu za pompe n'ingano nyayo ya CO₂ yashongeshejwe biratandukana iyo umuvuduko wa CO₂ uhindagurika cyangwa uburinganire bw'umuvuduko w'amazi buhindutse - ibintu umugenzuzi wa pompe ya dosing atabonye. Sensor ihita ibimenya.
Ingingo ya 2: Umutwe w'ibicuruzwa bisohoka mu buryo bwa "Contactor"/ "Distributing Header"nyuma y’ibikoresho by’amazi ya limestone. Iki gikoresho gipima CO₂ yashongeshejwe mu mazi arangiye, cyemeza ko uburyo bwa limestone bwakoresheje CO₂ mu rugero rwemewe. Aha niho hapimirwa kubahiriza amategeko.
| Aho gupimira ibikorwa | Imikorere y'igenzura | Umupaka w'amategeko agenga |
|---|---|---|
| Isoko ryo gupima CO₂ | Yemeza igipimo nyacyo ugereranije n'igipimo cyategetswe | Nta mupaka utaziguye; bituma habaho kugenzura PID |
| Isoko ryo gukwirakwiza/gukwirakwiza | Igipimo cyo kubahiriza amategeko | < 500 mg/L CO₂ (Itegeko Nyaryo 140/2003) |
Imiterere y'ibisubizo
Icyiciro cya 1 - Ibikoresho by'urugandaIbikoresho byombi bihuza n'umuyoboro w'ubugenzuzi bw'imikorere y'uruganda binyuze kuri RS485 Modbus-RTU. Igenzura ry'amakuru rifite ecran mu cyumba cyo kugenzura uruganda rigaragaza amanota yombi icyarimwe - urugero rwa CO₂ rupima n'amazi asigaye - hamwe n'isuzuma ry'iminsi 30. Umukozi w'uruganda agenzura buri sensor buri kwezi akurikije umurongo ngenderwaho wa Handmeter: icyitegererezo cyo gufata gisesenguwe hakoreshejwe metero ya CO₂ igendanwa, ugereranije n'isuzuma ryashyizweho.
Icyiciro cya 2 — Gutwara abantuIbikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga byohereza amakuru binyuze muri GPRS, 4G, cyangwa modules za WiFi ku muyoboro wa SCADA w’ikigo cy’amazi. Ku nganda za satelite zo mu birwa bya Canary na sitasiyo za kure zo ku nkombe za Almería na Murcia aho uburyo bwa WAN bugarukira, LoRaWAN yohereza amakuru ku kigo cy’ibikorwa by’ikigo cy’ubucuruzi mu karere. Amakuru yose ashyirwa mu buryo bwa MQTT Json, agaha umugenzuzi wa PID w’ikigo cy’ubucuruzi ndetse n’urubuga rwo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’amazi rw’ikigo cy’ubucuruzi.
Icyiciro cya 3 — Ibicu n'uburyo bigenzura ingano y'ibipimoSeriveri na porogaramu bya Cloud bihuza amakuru ya CO₂ yashongeshejwe aturutse mu nganda zose zigenzurwa zikuraho umunyu, berekana amakuru y’igihe nyacyo n’amateka mu miyoboro yose y’ubuvuzi bw’ikigo. Sisitemu yo gusubiza alarm ikora ku rugero rwo kubahiriza amategeko: iyo CO₂ ya contactor-outlet irenze 450 mg/L — 50 mg/L munsi y’umupaka w’amategeko — relay imenyesha umuyobozi w’ishami kandi ikagaragaza igikorwa cyo gutanga raporo y’igihembwe. Relay ya kabiri kuri sensor y’idosiye itera iyo CO₂ igabanutse munsi y’umubare ntarengwa wa contactor-feed, ikamenyesha umukozi ko CO₂ idahagije igera ku butaka bw’amabuye y’agaciro.
Ibisubizo by'Umurima: Uruganda rwa SWRO rwo ku nkombe za Mediterane, Murcia, Esipanye, 2026
Uruganda rwa SWRO i Murcia rukorera abaguzi 180.000 bo mu mijyi rwashyizeho Honde yashongesheje ibyuma bya CO₂ ahantu hombi ho gupimisha muri Mutarama 2026, bisimbura uburyo bwahozeho bwo gupima CO₂ inshuro ebyiri kuri buri shafu.
- • Ibikoresho:Utwuma 2 twa CO₂ twashongeshejwe kuri buri gari ya moshi ivugururwa (gari 4 = utwuma 8 twose hamwe), RS485 yo mu ruganda rwa PLC, 4G yo mu ruganda rwa SCADA.
- • Aho uherereye:Gushyira amakuru hamwe na ecran mu cyumba cyo kugenzura; kugenzura icyuma gipima amakuru buri kwezi.
- • Igicu:MQTT Json kuri platform y’ubuziranenge y’ikigo cy’ubucuruzi.
- • Itangazo:450 mg/L relay ifite CO₂ nyinshi; relay ifite dose ntoya kuri buri gari ya moshi.
| Igipimo | Icyitegererezo cy'ibanze cyo gufata (2025) | Sensor ya CO₂ iri ku murongo (2026) |
|---|---|---|
| Kurenga CO₂ y'amazi arangije gukoreshwa (>500 mg/L) | 7 | 0 |
| Ikosa ryo gukoresha ipompo ritaramenyekana amasaha arenga 2 | 9 | 0 |
| ingendo za pH mu gice cyo gukwirakwiza | 23 | 4 |
| Igiciro cy'imiti yo gupima CO₂ (cyashyizwe ku rutonde) | 100% | 87% |
| Isesengura rya laboratwari ya CO₂ rikorwa n'intoki buri kwezi | 720 | 72 (igenzura gusa) |
- Irenga rya CO₂ ry’amazi 7 ryakozwe mu 2025 - buri kimwe kikaba cyari igikorwa cy’amategeko gisaba kumenyeshwa Minisiteri y’Ubuzima ya Esipanye - ryagabanutse rigera kuri zeru mu mezi arindwi ya mbere y’igikorwa cyakoreshejwe. Sisitemu yo gutangaza amakuru y’ubutabazi yafashe irenga ritatu rya mbere ku gipimo cya 450 mg/L, maze imenyesha umuyobozi w’ishami, wakoze ikosora ry’ingano ya CO₂ mbere yuko amazi akorwa.
- Intege nke 9 zo gukoresha pompe mu 2025 zari zimaze amasaha arenga 2 zitaramenyekana mbere y’uko ikizamini cyo gufata icyitegererezo kibafata — kubera ko ikimenyetso cyo kugenzura pompe cyagaragazaga ko “gikora” mu gihe valve yari yafatiriwe yabuzaga ko CO₂ igera. Imashini ipima ikoresheje inline sensor mu gice cyo gupima yamenye buri kintu kingana n’icyo mu mwaka wa 2026 mu minota 2 nyuma y’uko ikibazo gitangiye, buri kimwe cyatangiye guhamagara inzogera yo mu bwoko bwa relay ako kanya.
- Igiciro cyo gupima CO₂ cyagabanutseho 13% - umurongo wa inline feedback watumye uruganda rukomeza gukaza aho rwapimye kuva kuri 280 mg/L kugera kuri 240 mg/L aho rwapimye, bikuraho ingano y'umutekano yari yarabaye indishyi ku buryo butunguranye bwo gupima inshuro ebyiri.
- Isesengura rya CO₂ rikorwa n'intoki ryagabanutse kuva kuri 720 kugera kuri 72 buri kwezi — ibipimo by'ikoranabuhanga bigenzura iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko buri gihe; ingero za buri kwezi zitanga inzira yo kugenzura igenzura.
Hamagara Honde Technology yo Gukurikirana Gusukura Amazi
Honde Technology ni uruganda rwemejwe n'ikigo cy’Abadage TUV & Alibaba. Dutanga ibikoresho byo gupima CO₂ byashongeshejwe, ikoranabuhanga rya Severinghaus membrane, hamwe na telemetri igenzura imikorere ikenewe mu bigo bisukura amazi bikora hakurikijwe amategeko agenga CO₂.
Kugira ngo ubone amakuru arambuye ku bijyanye na sensor n'ibisubizo bya IoT byihariye, nyamuneka hamagara Honde Technology Co., LTD.
- WhatsApp: +86-15210548582
- Imeri: info@hondetech.com
- Urubuga rwa interineti rw'ikigo: www.hondetechco.com
Ikarita y'Ubusabe mu Masoko Yakozwe Hamwe n'Amasoko yo Gusukura Umunyu n'Amasukura Amazi
Sensore ya CO₂ yashongeshejwe yo kugenzura kongeramo amabuye y’agaciro ni amabwiriza ahuriweho muri buri gihugu gikoresha SWRO desalination ku rwego rw'umujyi. Inganda za Sorek na Hadera zo muri Isirayeli - inyubako nini za SWRO ku isi - zikora igenzura rya CO₂ yashongeshejwe ku byuma byayo bya limestone. Inganda zo mu mazi yo mu nyanja ya Perth muri Ositaraliya (SWDP) n'inyubako ya Kurnell muri Sydney zigaragaza sensors za CO₂ zisanzwe nk'igice cy'ibikoresho byo kubahiriza amategeko. Umuyoboro wa Algarve desalination muri Porutugali, waguwe nyuma y'amapfa yo mu 2022-2025, ukeneye igenzura rya CO₂ kuri buri contactor solder. Shipure na Malta, aho desalination itanga amazi arenga 50% by'amazi yo kunywa, zikoresha sensors za CO₂ yashongeshejwe nk'ibikoresho by'ibanze byo kubahiriza imiyoboro yazo yo gukwirakwiza. Buri ruganda ruhurira ku bisabwa bimwe bya sensor: Severinghaus membrane electrode, ikiguzi cy'ubushyuhe cyikora, n'umusaruro wa RS485/MQTT - amabwiriza afunga umurongo wo kugenzura dosing udashobora gufatirwa n'intoki.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-25-2026