Umuvuduko Utagaragara: Impamvu Gukurikirana CO2 Ishongeshejwe ari wo Murongo Ubura mu Gutunganya Imbuto mu Buhinzi bwa Salmon Bushingiye ku Butaka

Mu buryo bwo korora amazi mu mazi busubiramo umwuka, umwuka wa ogisijeni witabwaho cyane. Buri kigo cya RAS mu bihugu byateye imbere gifite ibikoresho bipima umwuka wa ogisijeni uvanze, sisitemu zo gukwirakwiza umwuka wa ogisijeni mu buryo bwikora, hamwe n'uburyo bwo gutanga amakuru butuma umuntu amenya amakuru saa cyenda za mu gitondo iyo DO iguye. Diyoside karuboni ntacyo ibona muri ibyo.

Ubushakashatsi bw’ibinyabuzima ntibugira ingaruka mbi. Ifu y’umushongi w’amafi ya salmon irya ikiro 1 cy’ibiryo itanga hafi kilo 1.2 za CO₂ binyuze mu guhumeka - uburemere bwa CO₂ bwinshi kuruta uburemere bw’ibiryo byahinduwemo gukura. Mu buryo bwo kunyuramo, iyo CO₂ inyuzwamo n’amazi. Mu buryo bwo kuzenguruka, aho 95–99% by’amazi avurwa agasubizwamo, CO₂ irarundana. Iyo idakuwemo, ingano y’ibigega izamuka ikagera kuri 30–50 mg/L mu minsi mike nyuma y’ubucucike bwuzuye bw’ibiryo.

Ikibazo cyo gupima: Impamvu sensor za CO2 zigoye

Igipimo cya CO₂ cyashongeshejwe gikoresha ihame rya electrode ya Severinghaus. CO₂ ikwirakwira binyuze mu ruhu rw’umwuka rushobora kwinjira mu gaze ikagera mu gice gito cy’amashanyarazi imbere, igahindura pH yayo. Impinduka za pH, zipimwe ukurikije electrode y’icyitegererezo, zihwanye n’umuvuduko wa CO₂ igice. Igipimo ni cyizewe — iyo sensor ikomeje gukoreshwa.

Ikibazo gifatika muri RAS ni ukunyerera. Ururenda ruhura n'ibintu byangiza biva kuri biofilm. Electrolyte y'imbere iragabanuka. Aho ihuriro ry'ibintu rihurira n'ibintu bikomeye bihagaze. Sensor ya CO₂ isigaye idakora neza mu gihe cy'ukwezi ishobora kunyerera 30-50% uvuye aho igeragezwa - ikagera kuri 8 mg/L mu gihe ikigega kiri kuri 25 mg/L. Iryo ni ryo tandukaniro riri hagati y' "umutekano" na "acidosis idakira" bivugwa nk'agaciro gasanzwe kuri ecran ya SCADA.

Sensore ya CO₂ ya Honde yashongeshejwe yagenwe gukoreshwa muri RAS kuko karitsiyo yayo ya membrane ishobora gusimburwa n'umukoresha mu kazi, umusaruro wayo wa RS485 Modbus-RTU uhuza neza na PLC y'ikigo, kandi uburyo bwayo bwo kwishyura ubushyuhe bwikora bufata neza hagati ya 8°C na 20°C mu mikorere isanzwe ya RAS.

Umuyoboro w'Igenzura wari ubuze

Inyubako igezweho y’amafi yo mu bwoko bwa salmon ikorera ku butaka ikora ifite imiterere ikurikira yo kugenzura:

Ogisijeni igenzurwa mu buryo bwikora — Ibikoresho bya DO bitwara sisitemu zo gukwirakwiza ogisijeni mu buryo bufunze. Ubushyuhe bugenzurwa mu buryo bwikora — ibishyushya n'ibikonjesha bisubiza ibikoresho by'ibigega. pH igenzurwa mu buryo bwikora — igipimo cya sodium bicarbonate gisubiza ibipimo bya pH. CO₂ ipimwa — niba ihari — nk'icyitegererezo cyo gufata intoki rimwe mu cyumweru, kigasesengurwa hakoreshejwe icyuma gipima muri laboratwari.

Ibisubizo ni inzira igenzurwa mu bipimo bine, hamwe n'uburyo bwa gatanu bugenzurwa. Inkingi yo gukuraho imyuka - umunara upakiye cyangwa icyuma gikuraho CO₂ - ikora ku gipimo kidahinduka, kingana n'umutwaro wo hejuru, hatitawe ku busabe nyabwo. Umukoresha nta makuru afite yo gusubiza ikibazo cy'ibanze: ese imashini yo gukuraho imyuka ihagije muri iki gihe?

Gushyiramo sensor ya Honde CO₂ mu murongo wo kugarura ikigega bifunga uwo muyoboro. Iyi sensor ipima ingano nyayo ya CO₂ mu mazi yinjira mu kigega. Umusaruro wa RS485 uyobora uburyo bwo gukuramo umwuka: iyo CO₂ yegereye 15 mg/L, umwuka usohoka uriyongera; iyo iguye munsi ya 8 mg/L, umwuka uragabanuka. Iyi sensor ikora ku buryo amazi akeneye, kandi ifi ntizigera ihura n'umubare wa aside.

Uburyo bwo Gukemura Ikibazo cy'Ikigo cy'Amafi yo mu bwoko bwa Salmon gishingiye ku butaka

Ibisubizo by'Umurima: Smolt Facility ishingiye ku Butaka, Noruveje y'Uburengerazuba, 2026

Uruganda rw’ubucuruzi rwa salmon yo mu nyanja ya Atlantika mu burengerazuba bwa Noruveje — rukora smolts miliyoni 2.5 buri mwaka mu buryo bwuzuye bwo kuzenguruka — rwashyizeho ibyuma bya Honde CO₂ mu bigega byayo 24 byo gukura hagati ya Mutarama na Werurwe 2026.

Ibisubizo by'imikorere nyuma y'amezi 5 (kugeza ku musaruro w'impeshyi ushyushye):

• •Ibyuma bipima ubucucike byagaragaje ko igipimo cya CO₂ cyabaga hagati ya 6 na 24 mg/L ku munsi — bitewe n’uburyo bwo kugaburira no gukuramo umwuka — mu gihe isuzuma ryakozwe buri cyumweru ryagaragaje ko impuzandengo ya 10-12 mg/L ari nziza. Amafi yo mu bigega by’ubucucike bwinshi yari abayeho ku gipimo cya asideosis idakira mu gihe kingana na 30-40% by’igihe cyo gukora.
• •Nyuma y’uko umuyoboro wo kugenzura imyuka ufunze — umuyoboro uhindura ikirere ugana ku gipimo cya sensor — igitebo cy’umwuka gisanzwe cya CO₂ cyahagaze hagati ya 8 na 14 mg/L kuri tanki zose 24.
• •Igipimo cyo guhindura ibiryo by’ibiryo cyazamutseho 11% mu gihe cyo gukura hagati ya Gicurasi na Kamena ugereranije n’igihe nk’icyo cyo mu 2025, umuyobozi ushinzwe umusaruro yavuze ko cyatewe n’ikurwaho ry’aside iterwa na CO₂.
• •Sisitemu yo gusubiza alarm yashyize ahagaragara ibikorwa 37 byo kuzamura ikirere ku rugero rwa 20 mg/L mu kwezi kwa mbere - mbere yuko umurongo wo kugenzura imyuka utunganywa neza - kandi nta n'ibikorwa byo kuzamura ikirere byagaragaye mu kwezi kwa nyuma kw'igerageza.
• •Inyandiko z’ubwisungane mu kwivuza kw’amafi zo mu igenzura ry’impeshyi ryo mu 2026 zari zikubiyemo amateka ya CO₂ ahoraho ku nshuro ya mbere, zisimbuza inyandiko z’icyitegererezo zabanje n’itsinda ry’amakuru yuzuye kandi afite igihe.