Igenzura ry'Ubuziranenge bw'Amazi

Itsinda ry’abashakashatsi bo muri za kaminuza zo muri Ecosse, Porutugali n’Ubudage ryakoze icyuma gipima imiti gishobora gufasha kumenya niba hari imiti yica udukoko mu mazi ari make cyane.
Imirimo yabo, yasobanuwe mu nyandiko nshya yasohotse uyu munsi mu kinyamakuru Polymer Materials and Engineering, ishobora gutuma kugenzura amazi byihuse, byoroha, kandi bihendutse.
Imiti yica udukoko ikoreshwa cyane mu buhinzi hirya no hino ku isi kugira ngo hirindwe igihombo cy’imyaka. Ariko, hagomba kwitonda, kuko n’amazi mato aturuka mu butaka, mu mazi yo munsi y’ubutaka cyangwa mu mazi yo mu nyanja ashobora kwangiza ubuzima bw’abantu, inyamaswa ndetse n’ibidukikije.

Gukurikirana ibidukikije buri gihe ni ngombwa kugira ngo hagabanywe umwanda w’amazi kugira ngo hafatwe ingamba vuba iyo imiti yica udukoko ibonetse mu mazi. Muri iki gihe, gupima imiti yica udukoko bikunze gukorwa muri laboratwari hakoreshejwe uburyo nka chromatography na mass spectrometry.
Nubwo ibi bizamini bitanga ibisubizo byizewe kandi by’ukuri, bishobora gutwara igihe kinini kandi bihenze kubigeraho. Uburyo bumwe bwiza ni igikoresho cyo gusesengura imiti cyitwa Raman Scattering (SERS) gikoreshwa mu gusesengura ubuziranenge bw’ibinyabutabire.
Iyo urumuri rugeze kuri molekile, rukwirakwira ku buryo butandukanye bitewe n'imiterere ya molekile. SERS yemerera abahanga mu bya siyansi kubona no kumenya ingano ya molekile zisigaye mu gipimo cy'igerageza cyashyizwe ku buso bw'icyuma basesengura "urutoki" rudasanzwe rw'urumuri rukwirakwijwe na molekile.
Iyi ngaruka ishobora kongerwa no guhindura ubuso bw'icyuma kugira ngo bushobore kwinjiza molekile, bityo bikanoza ubushobozi bwa sensor bwo kumenya ingano nto y'udukoko mu gipimo.
Itsinda ry’abashakashatsi ryashyizeho uburyo bushya bwo gupima bushobora kwinjizwa mu mazi hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byacapwe bya 3D kandi bigatanga ibisubizo nyabyo by’ibanze mu rwego rwo kubikora.
Kugira ngo babigereho, bigaga ubwoko butandukanye bw'imiterere y'uturemangingo twakozwe mu ruvange rwa polypropylene na nanotubes za karuboni nyinshi. Inyubako zakozwe hakoreshejwe filaments zishongeshejwe, ubwoko busanzwe bwo gucapa mu buryo bwa 3D.
Hakoreshejwe tekiniki gakondo za chimie zitose, uduce duto tw’ifeza na zahabu tubikwa ku buso bw’imiterere y’uturemangingo kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo kongera gukwirakwiza Raman ku buso.
Bagerageje ubushobozi bw'imiterere itandukanye y'uturemangingo twacapwe mu buryo bwa 3D bwo kwinjiza no gukurura molekile z'irangi rya methylene y'ubururu, hanyuma bazisesengura bakoresheje icyuma gipima Raman.
Ibikoresho byitwaye neza mu bizamini bya mbere - igishushanyo mbonera cya lattice (imiterere y’uturemangingo duto) gifatanye n’uduce duto tw’ifeza - byongewe ku gice cy’igerageza. Ingano nto y’imiti yica udukoko nyayo (Siram na paraquat) yongewe ku bipimo by’amazi yo mu nyanja n’amazi meza hanyuma ishyirwa ku bice by’igerageza kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu isesengura rya SERS.
Amazi afatwa mu kanwa k'uruzi i Aveiro, muri Porutugali, no mu marobine ari muri ako gace, apimwa buri gihe kugira ngo akurikirane neza ihumana ry'amazi.
Abashakashatsi basanze uduce twashoboye kubona molekile ebyiri z’imiti yica udukoko mu rugero ruto cyane nka mikoromole imwe, bingana na molekile imwe y’imiti yica udukoko kuri molekile miliyoni z’amazi.
Porofeseri Shanmugam Kumar, wo mu Ishuri rya James Watt ry’Ubwubatsi muri Kaminuza ya Glasgow, ni umwe mu banditsi b’iyi nyandiko. Iki gikorwa cyibanze ku bushakashatsi yakoze ku ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga rya 3D mu gucapa kugira ngo hakorwe uduce tw’imiterere y’uturemangingo dufite imiterere yihariye.
“Ibyavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi bw’ibanze birashimishije cyane kandi bigaragaza ko ibi bikoresho bihendutse bishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho bipima imiti yica udukoko bya SERS, ndetse no mu gihe kiri hasi cyane.”
Dr. Sara Fateixa wo mu kigo cy’ibikoresho cya CICECO Aveiro muri Kaminuza ya Aveiro, akaba n’umwanditsi wungirije w’iyi nyandiko, yakoze uduce duto twa plasma dushyigikira ikoranabuhanga rya SERS. Nubwo iyi nyandiko isuzuma ubushobozi bw’iyi sisitemu bwo kumenya ubwoko bwihariye bw’ibintu byanduye mu mazi, iyi koranabuhanga ishobora gukoreshwa byoroshye mu kugenzura niba hari ibintu byanduye mu mazi.