I. Ibyingenzi Byingenzi Gusaba
Ibyuma bifata amazi meza muri Berezile byoherejwe muburyo bukurikira:
1. Gutanga Amazi yo mu Mijyi hamwe na Sisitemu yo Gutunganya Amazi
Inyigo: SABESP (Isosiyete y’isuku y’ibanze ya Leta ya São Paulo), n’amazi manini akoreshwa muri Amerika y'Epfo, ikoresha cyane ibyuma bifata amazi menshi mu bikoresho byayo, kuva mu bigega kugeza ku nganda zitunganya amazi.
Ibihe:
Gukurikirana Amazi Inkomoko: Gukurikirana igihe nyacyo ibipimo nka pH, umwuka wa ogisijeni ushonga (DO), umuvuduko ukabije, ubucucike bwa algal (chlorophyll-a), hamwe na cyanobacteria yuburozi bwangiza muri sisitemu nini y’ibigega (urugero, Sisitemu ya Cantareira) kugirango umutekano w’amazi meza.
Igenzura ryuburyo bwo kuvura: Sensor ziri mubihingwa bivura zikoreshwa mugucunga neza imiti ikoreshwa (urugero, coagulants, disinfectant) mugihe cyibikorwa nka coagulation, imitsi, kuyungurura, no kuyanduza, kunoza imikorere no kugabanya ibiciro.
Gukurikirana Urusobekerane rwo gukwirakwiza: Ingingo zo gukurikirana zashyizweho mumurongo mugari wo gukwirakwiza amazi mumijyi kugirango ukurikirane chlorine isigaye, imivurungano, nibindi bipimo mugihe nyacyo. Ibi birinda umutekano wamazi ya robine mugihe cyo gutwara no kwemerera kumenya byihuse ibyanduye.
2. Gukurikirana imyanda iva mu nganda
Inyigo: Ikigo cy’ibidukikije cya Berezile n’umutungo kamere ushobora kuvugururwa (IBAMA) n’ibigo bya Leta bishinzwe ibidukikije.
Ibihe:
Kugenzura iyubahirizwa: Inganda zifite ingaruka nyinshi z’umwanda (urugero, impapuro nimpapuro, ubucukuzi bwamabuye y'agaciro, imiti, gutunganya ibiribwa) birasabwa gushyiraho uburyo bwo kugenzura imyanda ikorerwa kumurongo aho isohoka. Sensors idahwema gupima ibipimo nka Oxygene isabwa (COD), azote yose, fosifore yose, ibyuma biremereye (urugero, mercure, gurş, bisaba ibyuma byihariye), pH, nigipimo cy umuvuduko.
Uruhare: Kureba ko gusohora amazi y’amazi yubahiriza ibipimo byashyizweho n’inama y’igihugu ishinzwe ibidukikije (CONAMA). Ihererekanyabubasha ryukuri kubagenzuzi rifasha gukumira ibicuruzwa bitemewe kandi bitanga ibimenyetso bitaziguye kubashinzwe kubahiriza amategeko.
3. Gukurikirana Ubuhinzi butari ingingo Gukurikirana umwanda
Inyigo: Ibigo byubushakashatsi mubuhinzi n’ibidukikije mu bihugu bikomeye by’ubuhinzi nka Mato Grosso.
Ibihe:
Gukurikirana Amazi: Imiyoboro ya Sensor ikoreshwa mu kibaya cy’umugezi hamwe n’ubuhinzi bunini cyane kugira ngo ikurikirane impinduka za nitrate, fosifate, imyanda, n’ibisigisigi byica udukoko.
Uruhare: Isuzuma ingaruka ziterwa n’ifumbire n’imiti yica udukoko ku mazi y’amazi, yiga uburyo bwo kwanduza inkomoko y’isoko, ikanatanga amakuru yo kumenyesha uburyo bwiza bwo gucunga neza (BMP) na politiki y’ibidukikije.
4. Umubiri wamazi Kamere (Inzuzi, Ibiyaga, Inkombe) Gukurikirana Ibidukikije
Inyigo:
Ubushakashatsi bw'ikibaya cya Amazone: Amatsinda y’ubushakashatsi yaturutse mu kigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ubushakashatsi bwa Amazone (INPA) na kaminuza bifashisha ibyuma bifata ibyuma cyangwa bishyirwa mu bwato kugira ngo bakurikirane ubushyuhe bw’amazi, ubwikorezi (kugereranya ubukana bwa solute), imivurungano, umwuka wa ogisijeni ushonga, hamwe n’amazi ya CO2 mu ruzi rwa Amazone n’amasoko yacyo. Ibi nibyingenzi mukwiga hydrology na biogeochemic cycle yinzitane nini yimvura yo mu turere dushyuha.
Igenzura rya Eutrophication ku nkombe: Mu mazi yo ku nkombe z'imijyi minini nka Rio de Janeiro na São Paulo, ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bikurikirana biterwa na eutrophasiya iterwa no gusohora imyanda, bitanga umuburo hakiri kare ku ndabyo zangiza za algal (tide itukura) no kurinda ubukerarugendo n'inganda z’amafi.
Scenarios: Kugenzura neza, imiyoboro ikurikirana igendanwa, hamwe na sensor zigendanwa zashyizwe kuri drones.
5. Ibiza byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro Kuburira hakiri kare no gukurikirana ibiza (ni ngombwa cyane)
Inyigo: Iyi nimwe mubintu bikomeye cyane, nubwo biteye agahinda, gusaba muri Berezile. Nyuma y’urugomero rw’umurizo muri Minas Gerais (urugero, Samarco muri 2015 na Vale mu biza bya 2019), ibyuma bifata amazi byabaye ibikoresho byingenzi.
Ibihe:
Sisitemu yo kuburira hakiri kare: Imiyoboro nyayo-nyayo yashyizwe mumigezi yo hepfo yingomero zumurizo zikora kugirango zikurikirane imitunganyirize itunguranye yumuvurungano, ishobora kuba ikimenyetso cyo kuburira hakiri kare.
Isuzuma ry’umwanda & Gukurikirana: Nyuma y’ibiza, hashyizweho imiyoboro minini ya sensor mu kibaya cy’umugezi wibasiwe (urugero, Rio Doce, Umugezi wa Paraopeba) kugira ngo ikurikirane neza imivurungano, ibyuma biremereye cyane (urugero, ibyuma, manganese), na pH. Ibi birasuzuma ikwirakwizwa, ubukana, n’ingaruka ndende z’ibidukikije by’umwanda, bikayobora ingamba zo gukosora.
II. Inshingano z'ingenzi n'inyungu
Ukurikije ibibazo byavuzwe haruguru, uruhare rwibikoresho by’amazi meza muri Berezile bishobora kuvugwa muri make nka:
Kurengera Ubuzima Rusange: Kurinda umutekano w’amazi yo kunywa ku baturage babarirwa muri za miriyoni babarirwa mu mijyi binyuze mu kugenzura igihe nyacyo amasoko y’amazi n’imiyoboro ikwirakwizwa, birinda indwara zandurira mu mazi.
Kurengera ibidukikije no kubahiriza amategeko: Itanga “ibimenyetso bifatika” ku bashinzwe kugenzura ibidukikije, bigafasha gukurikirana neza inkomoko y’umwanda n’imijyi, kurinda urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, ibiyaga, n’ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja, no kwemerera ingamba zigamije kurwanya ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga bitemewe.
Ibiza hakiri kare Kuburira & Ibisubizo byihutirwa: Itanga umuburo wingenzi hakiri kare mumirenge nko gucukura amabuye y'agaciro, kugura igihe cyagaciro cyo kwimuka kwabaturage. Nyuma yimpanuka, bashoboza gusuzuma byihuse kwanduza kugirango bayobore ubutabazi bwihutirwa.
Kunoza imikorere ikora: Ifasha ibikorwa byamazi gutezimbere uburyo bwo gutunganya, kuzigama imiti nogukoresha ingufu, bityo kugabanya ibikorwa.
Gushyigikira Ubushakashatsi bwa Siyanse: Iha abahanga ubumenyi bwigihe kirekire, burambye, bwihuta cyane bwamazi meza kugirango bige uburyo bwibinyabuzima bidasanzwe (nka Amazone), ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, n'ingaruka z’ibidukikije mu bikorwa by’ubuhinzi.
Data Transparency & Kumenyekanisha rusange: Amwe mumakuru yo gukurikirana (urugero, ubwiza bwamazi yo ku mucanga) ashyirwa kumugaragaro, afasha abantu guhitamo koga cyangwa kuroba, bityo bikongera umucyo mumicungire yumutungo wamazi.
Incamake
Binyuze mu gukoresha ibyuma bifata amazi meza, Burezili irimo gukemura ibibazo by’amazi y’amazi: umwanda uva mu mijyi yihuse, ingaruka z’impanuka z’inganda, ingaruka zo kwaguka mu buhinzi, ndetse n’inshingano zo kurinda umurage karemano w’isi. Izi tekinoroji zigize ishingiro rya sisitemu yo gucunga neza ibidukikije mu nzego zitandukanye - zikubiyemo “kuburira hakiri kare,” “kugenzura,” “kubahiriza,” n '“ubushakashatsi.” Nubwo imbogamizi zikomeje kugaragara muburyo bwo kohereza, guhuza amakuru, no gutera inkunga, kubishyira mu bikorwa byagaragaje agaciro gakomeye kandi bikenewe.
Turashobora kandi gutanga ibisubizo bitandukanye kuri
1. Imashini ifata ubuziranenge bwamazi menshi
2. Kureremba Buoy sisitemu yubwiza bwamazi menshi
3. Gusukura byikora byikora kuri sensor nyinshi yamazi
4. Urutonde rwuzuye rwa seriveri hamwe na software idafite module, ishyigikira RS485 GPRS / 4g / WIFI / LORA / LORAWAN
Kumashanyarazi menshi amakuru,
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-01-2025