Igikoresho cy’iteganyagihe gishingiye ku ihame ry’imyaka 135 kigiye kwinjira mu maso y’abaturage mu buryo butunguranye. Igipimo cy’imvura gipima imvura—cyahoze kiboneka gusa mu bigo by’iteganyagihe by’abahanga—ubu kirimo kugira uruhare runini mu bibazo bya TikTok, uburyo bwo kuburira abantu ku myuzure y’imvura, n’ubuhinzi bw’ubwenge mu buryo butandukanye nko gupima imvura mu buryo bwikora n’ibipimo by’imvura mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga.
Igice cya 1: Siyansi iri inyuma y'icyerekezo cya TikTok
#RainBucketChallenge irakwirakwira ku mbuga nkoranyambaga za videwo ngufi ku isi. Amategeko arasobanutse: pima imvura mu masaha 24 ukoresheje igikoresho cyo gupima imvura cyakozwe mu rugo hanyuma uyihuze na videwo y'ubuhanzi.
Bake ni bo batazi ko iki kibazo gisa n'aho gishimishije kirimo guteza imbere ubumenyi bw'ikirere bw'abaturage. Videwo ya @WeatherJoe, ukunda ikirere cy'Umwongereza, yerekana igereranya ritangaje: igipimo cy'imvura cyo mu bwoko bwa "tipping" cyakozwe mu rugo cyari gitandukanye na 3.2% gusa n'igikoresho cya kinyamwuga gifite agaciro karenga ibihumbi icumi by'amayuan mu gihe cy'imvura iri hagati.
“Icyitonderwa kiri mu buryo bunoze bwo gupima indobo y’imvura,” nk’uko byasobanuwe n’umwarimu w’ubuhanga wa Kaminuza ya Cambridge muri videwo. “Ibipimo by’imvura bya none biracyashingiye kuri iri hame ry’ingenzi—buri 0.2mm y’imvura itera indobo—igishushanyo mbonera kimaze imyaka ijana kidasimburwa.”
Ibitekerezo by'ingenzi bivuye mu bitekerezo bigezweho:
- "Amakuru yanjye ya 50-yuan yo kwifashisha mu gupima imvura mu buryo bwikora yahuye na porogaramu y'ikigo cy'iteganyagihe!"
- “Urusaku rw'umweru rwiza cyane ni rwo rusaku rwiza cyane rw'umweru”
Igice cya 2: Iminota 17 Mbere y'umwuzure w'Inkubi y'umuyaga
Muri Nyakanga 2023, i Ya'an, muri Sichuan, umuyoboro w’abahanga mu gupima imvura wa IoT watanze umuburo wo kubuza umwuzure iminota 17 mbere y’uko utangira.
Umuyobozi w’ibiro bishinzwe imicungire y’ubutabazi mu gace k’iwabo yabitangaje mu kiganiro n’abanyamakuru ati: “Imiyoboro gakondo y’amashanyarazi iherereye ku ntera ya kilometero 10 hagati yabyo. Gukoresha kwacu imiyoboro 200 y’amashanyarazi y’imvura byatanze imiyoboro ya kilometero 1. Ni ukwiyongera kwa kilometero 9 mu bucucike byafashe amakuru y’ingenzi y’imvura nyinshi yaguye mu gace k’iwabo.”
Amakuru ya sisitemu yagaragaje: mu gace ka 暴雨中心, igipimo cy'imvura cyakoreshejwe mu gupima imvura cyagaragaje imvura ya 86mm ku isaha, mu gihe sitasiyo isanzwe iri ku birometero 5 yagaragazaga 34mm gusa. “Iri tandukaniro rya 52mm ni ryo ryatumye dufata icyemezo cyo kwimuka.”
Uburyo bw’ubuhanga bwo gupima imvura bwakoreshejwe muri uru rubanza bwabaye urugero rwiza mu kwigisha ibijyanye n’ubumenyi bw’ikirere kuri LinkedIn, hamwe n’ibisubizo bya tekiniki bifitanye isano byakoreshejwe n’ibihugu nka Pakisitani na Filipine.
Igice cya 3: Uburyo udushya tw'Abashinwa turimo kuvugurura uburyo bwo gukurikirana imvura ku isi
Mu ruganda rwa Zhejiang, ibikoresho bipima imvura byikora ku buryo bwikora bipima imvura ku rugero rwa 30 ku munota. Ibi bikoresho bingana n'ibitoki bihuza ikoranabuhanga rya digitale ripima imvura n'ibintu bikomeye:
- Uburyo bwo gupfuka indobo ebyiri burinda kuziba (ku ivumbi, amababi)
- Ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba (igihe cy'imyaka 2 bateri)
- Gushyira imiterere ya BeiDou/GPS mu buryo bubiri
- Algorithm zo gupima ubushyuhe
Umuyobozi ushinzwe iyamamazabikorwa ry’iyi sosiyete mu mahanga yagize ati: “Twohereje mu mahanga ibipimo by’imvura 80.000 by’umwuga umwaka ushize, cyane cyane mu bihugu bya Belt and Road. Mu turere tumwe na tumwe twa Afurika, ubu umubare w’ibikoresho byacu urenze uwo mu Burayi.”
Agashya gashingiye ku gupima neza: gukoresha imashini zigisha kugira ngo hamenyekane ubusaza bw'indobo no gukosora amakosa mu buryo bwikora, bikongera igihe cyo kubaho cy'ibipimo by'imvura byikora kuva ku myaka 2 kugeza kuri 5.
Igice cya 4: "Umucungamari w'Imvura" mu buhinzi
Mu karere ka divayi ka Ningxia, buri murima w’imizabibu wa hegitari 3 ufite igipimo cy’imvura cya IoT. Iyi sisitemu ntabwo yandika gusa imvura ahubwo inahuza n’ibikoresho byo mu butaka kugira ngo bahingire neza.
“Twari dusanzwe twishingikiriza ku bunararibonye; ubu twishingikiriza ku makuru,” uyu ni umuyobozi w’uruganda rukora divayi. “Amakuru y’imvura mu gipimo cy’imvura mu ndobo yagaragaje ko imvura yagabanutseho 12% mu gihe cy’indabo z’uyu mwaka ugereranije n’umwaka ushize. Twahinduye uburyo bwo kuhira, twiteze kuzigama amazi ku kigero cya 30%.
Ubundi buryo bw'ubuhanga bugaragara mu bwishingizi: Abahinzi b'amapera bo muri Shandong bakoresha amakuru y'ubuhanga apima imvura nk'ishingiro ry'ibirego by'indishyi ku ibiza. Mu gihe cy'imvura y'amahindu yo mu 2022, amakuru y'ubukana bw'imvura umunota ku munota yongereye imikorere myiza yo gutunganya ibirego ku kigero cya 70%.
Igice cya 5: "Iherezo ry'imitsi" mu kurwanya imyuzure mu mijyi
Mu Karere ka Huangpu muri Guangzhou, hari ibipimo 200 by'imvura byikora bidaturika bikorera mu miyoboro y'amazi yo munsi y'ubutaka, bigenzura uburyo amazi yinjira mu gihe nyacyo.
Injeniyeri w’umujyi yasobanuye ati: “Ibipimo gakondo by’imvura byo ku muhanda ntibishobora kugaragaza imiterere nyayo y’imiyoboro.” “Ibipimo byacu by’imvura bya digitale byabonye amazi adasanzwe yinjira mu muyoboro umwe nubwo hari imvura nke—iperereza ryagaragaje ko inyubako zafunzwe, bigatuma imyuzure ishobora kuba.”
Ubu buryo bw’umwuga bwo gupima imvura bwatanze umuburo ku bibazo bitatu by’imyuzure mu gace, aho inyandiko zijyanye na bwo zatoranyijwe nk’ingero nziza z’ibiza bibaho buri mwaka n’Ishyirahamwe Mpuzamahanga ryita ku bijyanye n’amazi mu mijyi.
Igice cya 6: Kuva ku bikoresho by'umwuga kugeza ku bicuruzwa bikoreshwa n'abantu
Igitangaje ni uko ibipimo by'imvura bipima imvura biri guhinduka kuva ku bikoresho by'umwuga by'ubumenyi bw'ikirere bijya ku bicuruzwa bikoreshwa n'abaguzi. Igipimo cy'imvura cyikora mu rugo gikoresha ikoranabuhanga gihuza neza na porogaramu ya telefoni binyuze kuri Wi-Fi, gihagaze kuri yuan 299 gusa, aho mu kwezi kwa mbere hagurishijwe ibintu birenga 10.000.
Umuyobozi w’ibicuruzwa yasobanuye ati: “Tworohereje ikoranabuhanga ry’ingenzi ry’ibipimo by’imvura by’umwuga. Twakomeje gukoresha uburyo bwo gupima imvura bw’ikoranabuhanga ariko tworoshya imikorere yabyo nk’icyuma gikoresha ikoranabuhanga.”
Kuri Pinterest, inyigisho za “tipping bucket rain gauge DIY” zakusanyije uburyo burenga 500.000 bwo kuzigama, zibyara ubwoko butandukanye nk'ibikoresho by'ubumenyi by'abana n'ibikoresho byo kugabanya stress ku bikoresho byo kuri mudasobwa. Mu bikoresho by'ubumenyi by'ikigo kimwe cy'uburezi, agakoresho gato k'imvura gapima imvura ni ko gakunzwe cyane.
Igice cya 7: Umupaka Mushya w'Imitungire y'Amakuru
Bitewe n’iterambere ry’amasoko y’ubucuruzi bwa karuboni, amakuru nyayo y’imvura arimo kuba ingirakamaro cyane. Isosiyete imwe y’ikoranabuhanga mu by’ibidukikije yatangije umushinga wo “gukoresha amakuru y’imvura mu buryo bw’uruhererekane”, ibika amakuru aturuka ku bihumbi by’abahanga mu gupima imvura kuri blockchain.
Umuyobozi w’umushinga yagize ati: “Mu nzego nko mu bijyanye no kwishyura ibidukikije no gushyiraho gahunda y’ingufu zikomoka ku mazi, amakuru y’imvura adahinduka atangwa n’ibipimo by’imvura byo mu buryo bwa digitale afite akamaro kanini. Twanakiriye ibibazo bivuye mu bigo bishinzwe ubuhinzi—bikeneye amakuru arambuye y’imvura kugira ngo bihanure ahazaza h’ubuhinzi.”
Ikigaragara ni uko nyuma yo gukosora ubuziranenge, amakuru aturuka ku bipimo by’imvura byikora ku baturage yakoreshejwe na zimwe mu nzego z’iteganyagihe zo mu karere nk’inyongera ku miyoboro yemewe yo kugenzura. Impuguke mu bijyanye n’iteganyagihe yagize ati: “Iki ni igikorwa cy’ingenzi ku bumenyi bw’abaturage.” “Ibipimo by’imvura bipima imvura biri kugabanya itandukaniro hagati y’abanyamwuga n’abatarabigize umwuga.”
Imyaka icumi iri imbere y'ikoranabuhanga ryo gukurikirana imvura
Q: Ni gute urwego rutandukanye rw'ibipimo by'imvura ruhabwa inshingano?
Injeniyeri mukuru w’Ikigo cy’Ubushinwa gishinzwe iteganyagihe: “Ibipimo by’imvura by’umwuga ni ibyo kugenzura interahamwe z’igihugu, bisaba amakosa ari munsi ya 3%; ibipimo by’imvura by’ikoranabuhanga bihuye n’ibyo inganda nyinshi zikeneye; ibipimo by’imvura byikora mu rugo bitera abaturage kwitabira. Ibyo bitatu byuzuzanya.”
Q: Udushya mu ikoranabuhanga twibanda he?
Umwarimu w’ubumenyi bw’amazi muri Kaminuza ya Tsinghua: “Ibipimo by’imvura byo mu bwoko bwa “next-generation tipping” bizahuza ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye: ubushyuhe burwanya ubukonje, uburyo bwo kwishyura amakosa ya AI, gukoresha uburyo bwa “edge computing”. Igipimo cy’imvura cy’umwuga turimo gukora gishobora kumenya no gushyira mu byiciro imvura, urubura n’urubura mu buryo bwikora.”
Q: Ni gute abantu basanzwe bagomba guhitamo?
Umwanditsi wa blogi y’ubumenyi bw’ikirere: “Hitamo ibipimo by’imvura byikora ku busitani bwo mu ngo; ibipimo by’imvura byo mu buryo bwa digitale hamwe n’amakuru yo kohereza mu mahanga mu buhinzi; gupima imvura by’umwuga mu gukumira ibiza mu baturage. Ikintu cy’ingenzi ni ugupima imvura buri gihe—ndetse n’igipimo cyiza cyo gupima imvura mu ndobo gisaba kubungabungwa.”
Imiyoboro yo Gukurikirana Imvura mu Buryo Bwiza
Ibipimo by'imvura byikora byo mu gisekuru gikurikira birimo gukorwa muri laboratwari:
- Udushya mu bikoresho: Guteranya uduce duto duto duto duto kugira ngo tugabanye gutakaza amazi afatanye
- Iterambere ry'imiterere: Imiterere y'indobo zometseho ihuye n'ubuso bw'inyubako
- Ubwenge ku rubuga: Ibipimo by'imvura byo mu ikoranabuhanga birema imiyoboro yigenga, aho gutsindwa kw'ingingo imwe gusa bitagira ingaruka ku makuru rusange
“Turimo kubaka ‘IoT y’imvura igwa’,” nk’uko byagaragajwe n’umuyobozi mukuru w’ikigo cy’ikoranabuhanga gifite igishushanyo mbonera. “Buri gipimo cy’imvura cy’umwuga ni urusobe rw’ubwenge, ntabwo rukusanya amakuru gusa ahubwo runasesengura imiterere y’imvura no guhanura ibyago by’imyuzure.”
Umwanzuro:
Kuva ku gipimo cya mbere cy’imvura cyakoreshejwe mu bucuruzi mu 1888 kugeza ku gipimo cy’imvura cyikora kirenga miliyoni 2 gikorera ku isi muri iki gihe; kuva ku kazi katagira icyo kavuga mu bigo by’iteganyagihe by’umwuga kugeza ku bibazo by’ubuhanga byakozwe n’ingimbi za TikTok—iri hame ryoroshye ry’imashini riri kuvugururwa binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga rya digitale ripima imvura.
Umunyamakuru wa blog y’ubumenyi bw’ikirere yagize ati muri videwo yakunzwe na miliyoni: “Ibipimo by’imvura by’umwuga birinda umutekano mu mijyi, ibipimo by’imvura byikora mu ngo bihuza abantu n’ibidukikije. Muri iki gihe cy’ihindagurika ry’ikirere, wenda icyo dukeneye si ikoranabuhanga risobanutse neza gusa, ahubwo ni uyu mwuka wo gufata buri gitonyanga cy’imvura nk’ikintu gikomeye.”
Uko gukurikirana imvura bigenda biva mu nzego z’umwuga bijya mu bikorwa rusange, kandi uko amakuru ajyanye n’imvura atangira kugira ingaruka ku bintu byose kuva ku kuhira imyaka kugeza ku bikorwa by’imari, turimo kubona igihe cyiza cya demokarasi mu kugenzura ikirere.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-25-2025