Imashini ikoresha uburyo bwo kuvura ifasha abahinzi gucunga ifumbire ikoreshwa

Ikoranabuhanga rya "Smart sensor" rizafasha abahinzi gukoresha ifumbire neza no kugabanya kwangiza ibidukikije.
Iri koranabuhanga, ryasobanuwe mu kinyamakuru Natural Foods, rishobora gufasha abahinzi kumenya igihe cyiza cyo gushyira ifumbire ku bihingwa n'ingano y'ifumbire ikenewe, hashingiwe ku bintu nk'ikirere n'imiterere y'ubutaka. Ibi bizagabanya ifumbire nyinshi ihenze kandi yangiza ibidukikije ku butaka, isohora imyuka ihumanya ikirere ihumanya ikirere kandi ihumanya ubutaka n'imiyoboro y'amazi.
Muri iki gihe, gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda cyane byatumye 12% by'ubutaka bwahoze buhingwa ku isi butakoreshwa, kandi ikoreshwa ry'ifumbire mvaruganda ya azote ryiyongereyeho 600% mu myaka 50 ishize.
Ariko, biragoye ku bahinzi b'ibihingwa kugenzura neza ikoreshwa ry'ifumbire mvaruganda: ifumbire nyinshi cyane kandi zishobora kwangiza ibidukikije no gukoresha amafaranga make cyane kandi zishobora no kugabanya umusaruro;
Abashakashatsi bo muri iryo koranabuhanga rishya ry’ibipimo by’amashanyarazi bavuga ko rishobora kugirira akamaro ibidukikije n’ababikora.
Iyi sensor, yitwa sensor y’amashanyarazi ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya gazi (chemPEGS) ikoresha impapuro, ipima ingano ya ammoniyumu mu butaka, ikintu gihinduka nitrite na nitrate na bagiteri zo mu butaka. Ikoresha ubwoko bw’ubwenge bw’ubukorano bwitwa imashini yiga, ibuhuza n’amakuru yerekeye ikirere, igihe kuva ifumbire ikoreshwa, ibipimo bya pH y’ubutaka n’uburyo bwo gutwara amashanyarazi. Ikoresha aya makuru kugira ngo imenye ingano ya azote mu butaka ubu n’ingano ya azote mu minsi 12 iri imbere kugira ngo imenye igihe cyiza cyo gukoresha ifumbire.
Ubushakashatsi bwerekana uburyo ubu buryo bushya buhendutse bushobora gufasha abahinzi kubona inyungu nyinshi mu ifumbire nke cyane, cyane cyane ku bihingwa bisaba ifumbire nyinshi nk'ingano. Ubu buryo bushobora kugabanya icyarimwe ikiguzi cy'umuhinzi n'ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije zikomoka ku ifumbire ya azote, ubwoko bw'ifumbire ikoreshwa cyane.
Umushakashatsi mukuru Dr Max Greer, wo mu ishami ry’ubuhanga mu by’ibinyabuzima muri Imperial College London yagize ati: “Ikibazo cyo gufumbira cyane, haba mu bijyanye n’ibidukikije n’ubukungu, ntabwo cyakabya. Umusaruro n’amafaranga ajyanye na byo biri kugenda bigabanuka umwaka ku wundi. Uyu mwaka, kandi abakora ubu ntibafite ibikoresho bikenewe kugira ngo bakemure iki kibazo.
“Ikoranabuhanga ryacu rishobora gufasha gukemura iki kibazo binyuze mu gufasha abahinzi gusobanukirwa ingano ya ammonia na nitrate mu butaka no guhanura ingano y’ejo hazaza hashingiwe ku miterere y’ikirere. Ibi bibafasha kunoza ikoreshwa ry’ifumbire yabo hakurikijwe ibyo ubutaka bwabo n’ibihingwa byabo bakeneye.”
Ifumbire mvaruganda ya azote irenze urugero irekura azote mu kirere, ikaba ari imyuka ihumanya ikirere inshuro 300 kurusha dioxyde de carbone, bityo ikaba igira uruhare mu ihungabana ry’ikirere. Ifumbire mvaruganda ishobora kandi gutwarwa n’amazi y’imvura mu mazi, bigatuma ubuzima bwo mu mazi butabona ogisijeni, bigatuma indabyo z’ibimera bikura kandi bigabanya ibinyabuzima.
Ariko, guhindura neza ingano y'ifumbire kugira ngo ihuze n'ubutaka n'ibihingwa biracyari ikibazo. Gupima ni gake cyane, kandi uburyo bugezweho bwo gupima azote mu butaka busaba kohereza ingero z'ubutaka muri laboratwari—inzira ndende kandi ihenze cyane, umusaruro wayo ukaba udashobora gukoreshwa cyane mu gihe igeze ku bahinzi.
Dr Firat Guder, umwanditsi mukuru akaba n'umushakashatsi mukuru mu ishami rya Imperial rishinzwe ibinyabuzima, yagize ati: “Ibyinshi mu biribwa byacu bituruka mu butaka – ni umutungo udasubira kandi nitutaburinda tuzabutakaza. Nanone, hamwe n’umwanda wa azote uturuka mu buhinzi bitera ikibazo ku isi twizeye ko kizadufasha gukemura binyuze mu buhinzi bunoze, twizeye ko bizafasha kugabanya ifumbire mvaruganda irenze urugero mu gihe bikongera umusaruro w’ibihingwa n’inyungu z’abahinzi.”