Intangiriro
Muri iki gihe cy'imvura nyinshi ikunze kugwa, igikoresho gisa n'aho cyoroshye cya tekiniki—igipimo cy'imvura gipima amazi—kiri kuba umurongo wa mbere w'uburinzi mu gukumira imyuzure mu buryo bw'ubwenge. Ni gute kigera ku igenzura ryimbitse gikoresheje ihame ryacyo ry'ibanze? Kandi ni gute kigura umwanya w'agaciro mu gufata ibyemezo byo kurwanya imyuzure mu mijyi? Iyi raporo igusubiza inyuma.
Igice Gikuru
Ku biro byo kugenzura ikirere, ku ngomero z'ibigega, ndetse no mu misozi miremire ya kure, ibikoresho by'umweru bitagira ingano bikora amasaha yose. Ibi ni ibipimo by'imvura bipima imvura, "abarinzi" badasanzwe ba sisitemu zigezweho zo kugenzura ibidukikije.
Ihame ry'ingenzi: Ubworoherane buhura n'ubuziranenge
Igipimo cy'imvura cyo mu isanduku igwa gikoresha ihame ryo gupima. Igice cy'ingenzi cyacyo kigizwe n'"indobo" ebyiri zihwanye, nk'igipimo cyoroshye. Uko amazi y'imvura yiyongera mu muyoboro w'amazi akazuza indobo imwe, agera ku bushobozi bwagenwe (ubusanzwe 0.1 mm cyangwa 0.5 mm by'imvura). Kuri iyi ngingo, imbaraga rukuruzi zituma indobo igwa ako kanya, igasuka ibirimo mu gihe indi ndobo igenda ikomeza gukusanya. Buri mpera itera ikimenyetso cy'ikoranabuhanga cyanditswe nk'"imvura igwa", kandi ingano y'imvura n'ubukana byayo bibarwa neza habanje kubarwa izi mpinduka.
Ingero z'ingenzi z'ishyirwa mu bikorwa:
- Umuburo ku birebana n'amazi yo mu mijyi
Ibi bipimo bishyirwa mu turere two hasi, mu nzira zo munsi y’ubutaka, no mu nzira zinjira mu butaka, bigenzura ubukana bw’imvura mu gihe nyacyo, bigatanga amakuru ku nzego zishinzwe imicungire y’ubutabazi kugira ngo bishyireho amabwiriza yo kuvoma amazi. Mu gihe cy’imyuzure ya 2022 i Shenzhen, itsinda ry’ibipimo by’imvura birenga 2.000 byatanze umuburo ku mazi 12 yari yuzuye. - Iteganyagihe ry'ibiza byo mu misozi n'ibyago bya geologiya
Ibi bikoresho bishyizwe ku nkengero z'imigezi yo mu misozi n'ahantu hashobora guteza ibyago mu miterere y'ubutaka, bikurikirana imvura nyinshi n'imvura nyinshi mu gihe gito kugira ngo bihanure ibyago by'imyuzure. Muri Nanping, mu Ntara ya Fujian, umuyoboro nk'uwo watanze umuburo w'imyuzure y'imvura isaha imwe mbere y'uko igwa, bigamije ko abaturage barenga 2.000 bava mu midugudu mu buryo bwizewe. - Kuhira mu buhinzi hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga
Ibipimo bihuzwa na sisitemu zo kuhira mu mirima, bihindura gahunda yo kuhira hashingiwe ku makuru nyayo y’imvura. Imirima minini yo mu Ntara ya Jiangsu yagaragaje ko yazamutseho 30% mu mikoreshereze y’amazi nyuma yo gukoresha iri koranabuhanga. - Gupima Modeli y'amazi
Nk’isoko y’ibanze kandi yizewe y’amakuru y’imvura, ibi bipimo bitanga igenzura ry’ingero z’ibizamini by’amazi mu nkengero z’imigezi. Komisiyo ishinzwe kubungabunga uruzi rwa Yellow River yashyize ibipimo by’imvura birenga 5.000 mu nkengero zayo nkuru n’imigezi.
Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga: Kuva ku ikoranabuhanga kugeza ku bwenge
Imashini zigezweho zo gupima imvura zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya IoT. Zifite uburyo bwo gushyira amakuru kuri GPS hamwe na module za 4G/5G, amakuru ashyirwa ku rubuga rw'ibicu mu gihe nyacyo. Sisitemu z'ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba zituma habaho gukora igihe kirekire ndetse no mu turere twa kure. Mu 2023, sisitemu ya "Sky Eye Rain Monitoring" yo mu Ntara ya Henan yahujwe na sitasiyo zirenga 8.000 z'imvura, itanga amakuru mashya ku mvura mu ntara yose buri munota.
Impuguke mu kureba ibintu
Zhang Mingyuan, injeniyeri mukuru mu Kigo cy’Igihugu cy’Iteganyagihe, yagize ati: “Ntimugasuzugure iki gikoresho cya mekanike. Ugereranyije n’ibipimo by’imvura bipima imvura, ibipimo by’imvura bipima imvura mu ndobo ntibigira ingaruka ku gihu cyangwa ikime, bitanga ibipimo hafi y’imvura nyayo. Kuba byizewe kandi bifite akamaro gakomeye ntibishobora gusimburwa no gukurikirana imvura itunguranye.”
Umwanzuro
Kuva ku misozi miremire kugeza ku mihanda yo mu mijyi, aba "barinzi" batuje barinda ubuzima n'imitungo mu buryo bworoshye. Mu gihe cy'imihindagurikire y'ikirere idasobanutse neza, igikoresho gipima imvura, igikoresho kimaze imyaka irenga mirongo itanu, gikomeje gutera imbere gifite imbaraga nshya.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-01-2025