Igihe kizaza cyo gukoresha amazi: Uburyo bushya mu kuyungurura membrane bishobora gufasha kurinda umutungo wamazi

Kwiyongera kw'amazi meza bitera ikibazo cyo kubura amazi kwisi yose. Mu gihe abaturage bakomeje kwiyongera kandi abantu benshi bakimukira mu mijyi, ibikorwa by’amazi bihura n’ibibazo byinshi bijyanye no gutanga amazi no gutunganya ibikorwa byabo. Imicungire y’amazi y’ibanze ntishobora kwirengagizwa, kubera ko Umuryango w’abibumbye ugereranya ko imijyi ifite 12% by’amazi yose akuramo. Usibye kwiyongera kw'amazi akenewe, ibikorwa remezo birahatanira kubahiriza amategeko mashya yerekeye imikoreshereze y'amazi, amahame yo gutunganya amazi mabi, n'ingamba zirambye mu gihe zihura n'ibikorwa remezo bishaje ndetse n'amafaranga make.
Inganda nyinshi nazo zibasirwa n’ibura ry’amazi. Amazi akoreshwa kenshi mubikorwa byo gukonjesha no gukora isuku, kandi amazi yanduye agomba gutunganywa mbere yo gukoreshwa cyangwa kurekurwa mubidukikije. Ibihumanya bimwe biragoye cyane kubikuramo, nkibice byamavuta meza, kandi birashobora gukora ibisigara bisaba ubuvuzi bwihariye. Uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi mabi yinganda bugomba kuba buhenze kandi bushobora gutunganya amazi menshi y’amazi ku bushyuhe butandukanye no ku rwego rwa pH.
Kugera kumashanyarazi meza cyane nigice cyingenzi mugutezimbere ibisekuru bizaza byo gutunganya amazi. Iyungurura rya kijyambere ritanga uburyo bunoze bwo gukoresha no kuzigama ingufu, kandi abayikora bakomeje guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rishya kugirango bakenure ibikenerwa n’inganda n’amakomine kandi bakomeze imbere y’ibidukikije bigenda bihinduka mu kubungabunga amazi no kuyakoresha.
Imihindagurikire y’ibihe igira ingaruka ku itangwa ry’amazi n’ubuziranenge bw’amazi. Inkubi y'umuyaga n'umwuzure birashobora kwangiza amasoko y'amazi, kongera ikwirakwizwa ry’imyanda ihumanya, kandi kuzamuka kw’inyanja bishobora gutuma amazi y’umunyu yiyongera. Uruzuba rumaze igihe kinini rugabanya amazi aboneka, hamwe na leta nyinshi z’iburengerazuba, nka Arizona, Californiya na Nevada, zashyizeho amategeko abuza kubungabunga ibidukikije kubera ikibazo cy’ibura ry’amazi mu kibaya cy’uruzi rwa Colorado.
Ibikorwa remezo byo gutanga amazi nabyo bisaba iterambere ryinshi nishoramari. Mu bushakashatsi buheruka gukorwa ku bijyanye n’amazi meza, Ikigo cy’Amerika gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije (EPA) cyasanze miliyari 630 z’amadolari mu myaka 20 iri imbere kizakenera amazi meza ahagije, aho 55% by’amafaranga akenewe mu bikorwa remezo by’amazi mabi. Bimwe muri ibyo bisabwa bituruka ku bipimo bishya byo gutunganya amazi, harimo itegeko ry’amazi meza yo kunywa no gushyiraho amategeko agenga imiti nka azote na fosifore. Uburyo bwiza bwo kuyungurura ni ngombwa mu gukuraho ibyo bihumanya no gutanga isoko y’amazi meza kandi meza.
Amategeko ya PFAS ntabwo agira ingaruka gusa kubipimo byo gusohora amazi, ahubwo bigira ingaruka muburyo bwa tekinoroji yo kuyungurura. Kuberako ibimera bya fluor biramba cyane, byahindutse ibintu bisanzwe mubice bimwe na bimwe, nka polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Abakora filteri ya Membrane bagomba guteza imbere ibikoresho bitarimo PTFE cyangwa indi miti ya PFAS kugirango byuzuze ibisabwa bishya.
Mugihe ubucuruzi na guverinoma byinshi bifata gahunda zikomeye za ESG, kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere biba umwanya wambere. Amashanyarazi ni isoko nyamukuru y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, kandi kugabanya gukoresha ingufu muri rusange ni ingamba zingenzi zo kugera ku ntego zirambye z’iterambere.
Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije kivuga ko amazi yo kunywa n’inganda zitunganya amazi y’amazi ari yo akoresha ingufu nyinshi mu makomine, bingana na 30 kugeza 40% by’ingufu zose zikoreshwa. [3] Amatsinda y’amazi, nka American Water Alliance, arimo ibikorwa by’amazi byiyemeje kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere mu rwego rw’amazi binyuze mu ngamba zo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere no gucunga neza amazi. Ku bakora filteri ya membrane, ingufu zingirakamaro mugihe ukoresheje ikoranabuhanga rishya.

Turashobora gutanga sensor zitandukanye kugirango dukurikirane ibipimo bitandukanye byubwiza bwamazi

Ubu bushakashatsi bwa sensor bukozwe mubikoresho bya PTFE (Teflon), birwanya ruswa kandi birashobora gukoreshwa mumazi yinyanja, ubworozi bwamazi n’amazi hamwe na pH nyinshi hamwe na ruswa ikomeye.