Ubukene bw'amazi meza burimo kwiyongera butera ibura ry'amazi hirya no hino ku isi. Uko abaturage bakomeje kwiyongera n'abantu benshi bimukira mu mijyi, ibigo by'amazi bihura n'imbogamizi nyinshi zijyanye n'imitangire y'amazi n'ibikorwa byo kuyasukura. Imicungire y'amazi mu gace ntishobora kwirengagizwa, kuko Umuryango w'Abibumbye uteganya ko imijyi ifite 12% by'amazi meza yose akurwa mu mazi meza. [1] Uretse ubukene bw'amazi, ibigo by'amazi biracyagorwa no kubahiriza amategeko mashya yerekeye ikoreshwa ry'amazi, amahame yo gutunganya amazi mabi, n'ingamba zo kuyabungabunga mu gihe ibikorwa remezo bishaje kandi amafaranga make atangwa.
Inganda nyinshi nazo zibasirwa n’ibura ry’amazi. Amazi akunze gukoreshwa mu nganda mu gukonjesha no gusukura, kandi amazi yanduye agomba gusukurwa mbere yuko akoreshwa cyangwa ngo asubizwe mu bidukikije. Hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bigoye cyane kubikuraho, nk'uduce duto tw'amavuta, kandi bishobora gukora ibisigazwa bisaba kuvurwa byihariye. Uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi yanduye mu nganda bugomba kuba buhendutse kandi bushobora gutunganya amazi yanduye menshi ku bushyuhe butandukanye n'urugero rwa pH.
Kugera ku kuyungurura amazi mu buryo bunoze ni igice cy'ingenzi mu guteza imbere uburyo bushya bwo gutunganya amazi. Uduce duto two kuyungurura amazi dutanga uburyo bwiza kandi buzigama ingufu, kandi abakora amazi bakomeje guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rishya kugira ngo rihuze n'ibyo inganda n'ibigo by'umujyi zikeneye kandi bakomeze kuba imbere y'imiterere ihinduka y'amategeko agenga kubungabunga no kongera gukoresha amazi.
Imihindagurikire y'ikirere igira ingaruka ku miyoboro y'amazi n'ubwiza bwayo. Inkubi z'umuyaga n'imyuzure bishobora kwangiza imiyoboro y'amazi, bikongera ikwirakwira ry'imyanda, kandi kwiyongera k'amazi y'umunyu mu nyanja bishobora gutuma amazi y'umunyu yinjira mu kirere. Amapfa amaze igihe kirekire arimo kugabanya amazi aboneka, aho leta nyinshi zo mu Burengerazuba bw'Isi, zirimo Arizona, California na Nevada, zishyiraho amategeko agenga ibidukikije bitewe n'ibura ry'amazi mu kibaya cy'uruzi rwa Colorado.
Ibikorwa remezo byo gutanga amazi nabyo bisaba kunoza no gushora imari cyane. Mu bushakashatsi bwa nyuma ku bikenewe ku miyoboro y'amazi isukuye, Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije muri Amerika (EPA) cyasanze miliyari 630 z'amadolari zizakenerwa mu myaka 20 iri imbere kugira ngo haboneke amazi meza ahagije, aho 55% by'ayo mafaranga azakenerwa mu bikorwa remezo by'amazi yanduye. [2] Bimwe muri ibi bisabwa bituruka ku mahame mashya yo gutunganya amazi, harimo n'Itegeko ry'Amazi yo Kunywa Yizewe n'amategeko ashyiraho urugero ntarengwa rw'ibinyabutabire nka azote na fosifore. Uburyo bwiza bwo kuyungurura ni ingenzi mu gukuraho ibi bintu bihumanya no gutanga isoko y'amazi meza kandi meza.
Amategeko ya PFAS ntagira ingaruka ku bipimo ngenderwaho byo gusohora amazi gusa, ahubwo anagira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku ikoranabuhanga ryo kuyungurura. Kubera ko ibintu birimo fluorine biramba cyane, byabaye ibintu bisanzwe mu ruhu rw'amazi, nka polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Abakora filter za membrane bagomba gukora ibindi bikoresho bitarimo PTFE cyangwa ibindi binyabutabire bya PFAS kugira ngo byuzuze ibisabwa bishya.
Uko ibigo byinshi by’ubucuruzi na za leta bikomeza gushyiraho gahunda zikomeye za ESG, kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere biba ari ikintu cy’ingenzi kurusha ibindi. Gutanga amashanyarazi ni isoko ikomeye y’imyuka ihumanya ikirere, kandi kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ingufu muri rusange ni ingamba y’ingenzi kugira ngo intego z’iterambere rirambye zigerweho.
Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije kivuga ko amazi yo kunywa n’inganda zitunganya amazi yanduye ari byo bikoresha ingufu nyinshi mu mirenge, bingana na 30 kugeza kuri 40% by’ikoreshwa ry’ingufu zose. [3] Amatsinda ashinzwe umutungo kamere w’amazi, nka American Water Alliance, arimo ibigo by’amazi byiyemeje kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu rwego rw’amazi binyuze mu ngamba zo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere no gucunga amazi mu buryo burambye. Ku bakora inganda zitunganya membrane, gukoresha neza ingufu ni ingenzi cyane iyo hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rishya.
Dushobora gutanga uburyo butandukanye bwo kugenzura ibipimo bitandukanye by'ubuziranenge bw'amazi
Iyi sensor probe ikozwe mu bikoresho bya PTFE (Teflon), irinda ingese kandi ishobora gukoreshwa mu mazi yo mu nyanja, mu bworozi bw'amafi no mu mazi afite pH iri hejuru kandi afite ingese ikomeye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-09-2024