Intangiriro: Ikibazo kitagaragara cy'ibidukikije bya none
Ahantu hagezweho ho mu nganda, mu buhinzi no mu bucuruzi huzuyemo akaga katagaragara mu kirere gashobora kubangamira umutekano w’abantu ndetse no gukora neza. Gukurikirana icyarimwe imyuka myinshi itandukanye ni ingenzi kugira ngo umutekano ukomeze, ibintu bikomeze gukora neza, no gukurikiza amategeko neza. Igikoresho gisanzwe cyo gupima gazi cyangwa sensor ya gaze ifite agace kamwe gishobora gutanga ishusho y’ibikikije igice kandi kidahuye. Ubwoko bushya bw’ibikoresho bipima gazi bigezweho kandi bifite ubushakashatsi bwinshi butanga igisubizo gishya binyuze mu gutanga uburyo buhuriweho, bworoshye kandi buhujwe bwo kugenzura ubwiza bw’umwuka, bukora nk’igikoresho cyo gupima ubwiza bw’umwuka gihanitse.
1. Imiterere ya sisitemu igezweho yo kumenya gazi
Sisitemu yo kumenya gazi igezweho ishingiye ku buryo butandukanye kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo koroshya ibintu. Sisitemu ishingiye ku cyuma gikuru cyitwa "Smart Transmitter" gifite amatara yoroshye gusoma ya PWR (Power), RUN (Operating), na ALM (Alarm) kugira ngo harebwe neza uko ibintu bimeze.
Iyi transmitter ikora nk'ihuriro ry'ibikoresho byinshi bitandukanye bya sensor. Buri probe imwe ikozwe kugira ngo imenye ubwoko bumwe bwa gaze kandi ihuzwa neza n'igice kinini cyo hagati. Ibikoresho bishobora gukoresha amahame atandukanye yo kumenya, nko sensor ikoresha amashanyarazi cyane ku myuka ihumanya cyangwa sensor ikomeye ya MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) ku myuka itwika, bigatuma buri gaze ikoreshwa neza. Sisitemu yubatswe igamije gukurikirana imyuka itanu y'ingenzi: monoxide karubone (CO) hamwe n'icyuma cyihariye cyo gupima monoxide karubone, dioxyde karubone (CO2) binyuze mu cyuma cyihariye cya CO2, ogisijeni (O2), sulfide ya hydrogen (H2S) hamwe n'icyuma cyihariye cya H2S, na methane (CH4) hakoreshejwe cyuma cyihariye cyo gupima gazi. Ubu bwoko bw'ibikoresho bya modular, hamwe n'ibikoresho bitandukanye n'icyuma gikuru, bigufasha gukora igenzura rirambuye kandi ryimbitse.
2. Ibintu by'ingenzi bivugurura uburyo bwo kugenzura gazi
Iyi sisitemu irimo imirimo myinshi y'ingenzi irenze uburyo bworoshye bwo gupima gazi, itanga amahitamo akomeye kandi y'ubwenge.
2.1. Gukurikirana no gushyira mu bikorwa ibyawe bwite
Itanga ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kugenzura ibintu 5 muri 1, icyarimwe igapima O2, CO2, CO2, CH4, na H2S. Ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu byinshi bitandukanye icyarimwe, bityo igikoresho kimwe gishobora kuguha amakuru yose yerekeye umwuka utiriwe ukenera byinshi bitandukanye. Byongeye kandi, gishobora guhindurwa kugira ngo gipime ibindi bipimo by'ibidukikije nk'ubushyuhe bw'umwuka n'ubushuhe bw'umwuka, cyangwa se kigashyiramo sensor ya VOC ku bintu bihindagurika, kugira ngo gikusanyirize amakuru yuzuye.
2.2. Uburyo bworoshye bwo guhindura imiterere y'imashini zitandukanye
Ikintu cy’ingenzi ni imiterere ya sisitemu, aho igice kinini cy’itumanaho gitandukanye n’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga. Bigufasha gushyira ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga ahantu hatandukanye kugira ngo urebe imyuka muri utwo duce, hanyuma wohereze ayo makuru yose kuri mudasobwa imwe nini. Iyi modularity itanga uburyo bworoshye kandi bworoshye bwo kugenzura ahantu hanini nka sisitemu yo gupima imyuka mu nganda, cyangwa gukora igikoresho cy’ikoranabuhanga cyo gupima imyuka gikoreshwa mu buryo bwihariye kugira ngo ugenzure neza.
2.3. Yagenewe kuramba no kubungabunga byoroshye
Imiterere y’ibikoresho by’icyuma igamije kuramba mu bihe bigoye. Inzu y’icyuma ikozwe mu byuma bitagira umugese itanga ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese kandi ikwiriye ibidukikije bibi, bigatuma iba icyuma cyizewe cyo gupima gazi idapfa gukoreshwa hanze. Kandi ni ngombwa ko iki gice cy’imbere muri gazi gishobora gusimburwa cyorohereza abayikoresha kandi kikabafasha kuzigama umwanya n’amafaranga kuko bashobora kwikosora ubwabo batishyuye undi muntu ngo abikore, bivuze ko niba ukoresheje iki gicuruzwa, kizakora igihe kirekire kandi kigura make ugereranyije n’ibindi bicuruzwa bisa ku isoko.
2.4. Guhuza neza no guhuza mu buryo bugezweho
Nk'icyuma gipima gazi mu buryo bwa digitale, cyakozwe kugira ngo cyongererwe ku buryo bworoshye muri sisitemu zisanzwe zo kugenzura inganda, gikoresha protocole ya RS485 isanzwe ya MODBUS, bigatuma kiba icyuma gipima gazi cya RS485 gitanga ibimenyetso bya digitale bihamye. Gishobora kandi gushyirwaho nk'icyuma gipima gazi cya 4-20mA kuri sisitemu zisanzwe za analog. Kugira ngo ihuzwe neza kandi ikoreshwe kure, sisitemu ishobora gushyigikira ubwoko bwinshi bwa modules zikoresha insinga nka GPRS, 4G, WIFI, LORA, LORAWAN zitanga amakuru yizewe mu bice hafi ya byose, zigahinduramo icyuma gipima gazi kidakoresha insinga.
2.5. Amakuru ari mu biganza byawe: uburyo bwo kuyakoresha mu buryo bwa kure mu gihe nyacyo.
Kugira ngo amakuru aboneke kandi akoreshwe, umutanga serivisi ashobora gutanga izindi seriveri na porogaramu zo mu bicu. Iyi serivisi ituma abantu babona amakuru y’ibipimo by’ibizamini by’ikoranabuhanga ako kanya kuri mudasobwa na telefoni. Kuba dushobora kuyakoresha mu buryo buhoraho bivuze ko dushobora kumenya ibidukikije igihe icyo ari cyo cyose kandi tugasubiza vuba aho ari ho hose, haba mu gucunga urubuga rw’inganda cyangwa mu kugenzura icyuma gikoresha umwuka mwiza mu rugo.
3. Guhindura Inganda: Porogaramu zo mu Isi Nyayo
Sisitemu ifite uruvange rwihariye rwo kugenzura imyuka myinshi itandukanye, kuba ibice bitandukanye bikorana, no kubasha kuvugana n'izindi mashini byoroshye. Ibi bituma iba nziza mu gukemura ibibazo by'umwuka mu bucuruzi butandukanye.
3. 1 Ubuhinzi n'ubworozi
Gukurikirana imyuka nka CH4, H2S, na CO2 mu bigo by’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi ni ngombwa ku buzima bw’amatungo no ku mutekano w’ibikorwa byayo. Sisitemu ya Engineered for Durability ni inyungu ikomeye hano; inzu icukuramo icyuma kidashonga irinda ingese ni nziza cyane mu bihe bikomeye kandi bikunze kuba bibi mu biraro no mu bigo by’ubuhinzi bifunze.
3.2. Ibidukikije byo mu nzu n'ubwiza bw'umwuka
Ku hantu ho mu nzu nko mu biro no mu mashuri, kubungabunga umwuka mwiza ni ingenzi ku buzima bw'abantu n'ibyishimo byabo. Igenzura rusange rya sisitemu ya 5-in-1 rishobora gukurikirana O2 na CO2 icyarimwe, rigaha abayobozi b'ibigo amakuru y'ingenzi bakeneye kugira ngo barebe neza ko hari umwuka mwiza uhagije n'ahantu hatekanye ho kuba abantu. Rishobora kandi gukora nk'ishingiro rya sisitemu yo kugenzura ubwiza bw'umwuka mu modoka kugira ngo rikurikirane umwuka wo mu cyumba cy'imodoka.
3.3. Kubika no kubika ibintu
Mu bubiko bunini, igishushanyo mbonera cy’icyuma gipima ibintu bitandukanye ni ingirakamaro. Umuyoboro umwe w’ikoranabuhanga ushobora kugenzura ahantu hatandukanye haboneka imyuka nka CO2 cyangwa CH4, bigatuma biba uburyo buhendutse bwo kurinda abantu bose badakeneye sisitemu nyinshi zitandukanye. Bituma gushyiramo ibintu byoroshye kandi imicungire y’amakuru ishyirwa ahantu hanini kandi hatandukanye.
3.4 Inzego z'ubuvuzi n'imiti
Ahantu ho kwa muganga n'imiti nka laboratwari cyangwa ububiko bw'ibikoresho by'ubuzima hakenewe igenzura ryimbitse ry'ibidukikije. Ubu buryo bushobora kugenzura imyuka y'ingenzi nka O2 na CO2 bityo bugafata ingamba zo gukoresha ikirere runaka, bugatuma ahantu haguma neza kandi hakwiriye akazi. Iri hame rikoreshwa no ku gikoresho cyo gupima amazi aturuka mu ruganda gikoreshwa mu rugo, kikarinda umutekano mu ngo.
Umwanzuro: Uburyo bw'ubwenge kandi bujyanye n'imikoranire kugira ngo ikirere gikomeze kumererwa neza.
Imashini ipima ikirere mu buryo bwa "multi-probe smart gas sensor" ni intambwe ikomeye mu kugenzura ibidukikije. Ibyiza byayo by'ingenzi - ishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye kuko ishobora kubona imyuka myinshi itandukanye n'ahantu hamwe icyarimwe, ikomeye kandi yoroshye kuyikosora, kandi ishobora guhuza kure kugira ngo abantu babone amakuru aho ari ho hose - ifasha gukemura ibibazo ikoranabuhanga rya kera ryari rifite. Kugira ngo itange amakuru yose agezweho, izi sisitemu zihuza kandi zipima ikirere ziba igice cy'ingenzi cyo kurinda no gukurikiza sisitemu z'umutekano n'amategeko mu isi igenda yibanda ku makuru menshi.
Seriveri yuzuye na porogaramu zidafite umugozi, ishyigikira RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-08-2026