"Amaso, Amatwi, n'Ijwi" by'uburyo bwo kuburira abantu hakiri kare mu myuzure: Uruhare rw'ingenzi n'ingaruka zikomeye za Radar y'amazi, Ibipimo by'imvura, n'ibipimo by'impinduka mu miyoboro y'amazi

Mu buryo bwa none bwo gukumira no kugabanya ibiza, uburyo bwo kuburira hakiri kare imyuzure bukora nk'umurongo wa mbere wo kwirinda ibiza by'imyuzure. Uburyo bwo kuburira bukora neza kandi bunoze bukora nk'umurinzi udacogora, bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo "kubona hirya no hino no kumva mu mpande zose." Muri ibyo, ibipimo by'amazi bya radar, ibipimo by'imvura, n'ibipimo by'imihanda bigira uruhare runini. Bikusanya amakuru y'ingenzi aturutse mu ngero zitandukanye, hamwe bikaba ari byo bigize ishingiro ry'uburyo bwo kuburira, kandi ingaruka zabyo ni nini kandi zifite akamaro.

I. Inshingano z'ibipimo bitatu by'ingenzi

1. Igipimo cy'Imvura: "Vanguard" na "Cause Monitor"
* Inshingano: Igipimo cy'imvura ni cyo gikoresho kiziguye kandi gisanzwe cyo kugenzura imvura. Inshingano yacyo y'ingenzi ni ugupima neza ingano y'imvura (muri milimetero) ahantu runaka mu gihe runaka. Iyo ishyizwe ahantu hadafunguye, ikusanya amazi y'imvura mu cyuma gifata amazi hanyuma igapima ingano cyangwa uburemere bwayo, ikayihinduramo amakuru y'ubujyakuzimu bw'imvura.
* Aho imvura iherereye: Niho hantu ho gutangiriraho gutanga uburinzi ku myuzure. Imvura igwa ni yo itera imyuzure myinshi. Amakuru y’imvura igwa mu gihe nyacyo kandi ihoraho ni cyo gipimo cy’ingenzi cy’ibyitegererezo by’amazi kugira ngo bikore isesengura ry’amazi agwa no guhanura imyuzure. Binyuze mu muyoboro w’ahantu hakoreshwa imvura, iyi gahunda ishobora gusobanukirwa uko imvura ikwirakwira n’ubukana bw’aho igwa, bigatanga ishingiro ryo kumenya uko amazi azagwa muri rusange.

2. Igipimo cy'amazi cya Radar: "Umusesenguzi w'ingenzi"
* Inshingano: Iki ni igikoresho kidakora ku buryo bworoshye, giteye imbere cyo kugenzura umuvuduko w'amazi (流速) n'igipimo cyo kugenzura imirasire y'amazi (流量) kidakora ku buryo bworoshye. Ubusanzwe gishyirwa ku biraro cyangwa ku nkengero z'amazi, gitanga imiraba ya radar igana ku buso bw'amazi. Ikoresheje ihame rya Doppler effect, ipima neza umuvuduko w'ubuso bw'uruzi, kandi hamwe n'amakuru y'urugero rw'amazi (akenshi aturuka ku gipimo cy'urugero rw'amazi), kibara umuvuduko w'amazi ako kanya (muri metero kibe ku isegonda) ku gice cy'amazi mu gihe nyacyo.
* Aho ibintu biherereye muri sisitemu: Ni yo shingiro ry'uburyo bwo kuburira hakiri kare imyuzure. Gusohora amazi ni cyo kimenyetso cy'ingenzi cyane cy'ingano y'umwuzure, kigena neza ingano n'ibyangiritse bishobora guterwa n'imyuzure. Ugereranyije na metero kare zisanzwe zikoreshwa mu gupima imyuzure, metero kare zipima imyuzure ntizigira ingaruka ku isuku y'imyuzure cyangwa ku bisigazwa by'imyuzure. Zikomeza gukora mu gihe cy'imyuzure ikomeye, zitanga amakuru y'agaciro "ako kanya" kandi zigatuma habaho igenzura ryimbitse, ry'igihe nyacyo, kandi ryimbitse ry'imiterere y'imigezi.

3. Ishusho y'aho abantu bimukiye: "Umurinzi w'ibikoresho" na "Umutanga amakuru ku ibiza bya kabiri"
* Inshingano: Iki cyiciro kirimo sensor zitandukanye (urugero: GNSS, inclinometers, crack meters) zikoreshwa mu gukurikirana imiterere y'amazi, gutuza, cyangwa kwimura ibikorwa remezo by'amazi nk'ingomero z'amazi, imiyoboro y'amazi n'imisozi. Bishyirwa ku ngingo z'ingenzi z'imiterere kugira ngo bipime buri gihe impinduka mu miterere y'aho ibintu biherereye.
* Aho Sisitemu Iherereye: Ni yo irinda umutekano w’ubuhanga n’uburinzi bw’ibiza. Akaga k’imyuzure ntigaturuka gusa ku bwinshi bw’amazi ubwayo ahubwo kava no ku byangiritse mu nyubako. Ibikoresho byo gupima imyuzure bishobora gutanga uburyo bwo kumenya hakiri kare ko imyuzure ishobora gutemba cyangwa kwangirika kw’inyubako, ibyago byo gutemba kw’inkombe, cyangwa kudakomera kw’inkengero. Iyo amakuru akurikiranwe arenze urugero rw’umutekano, sisitemu itera ikibazo cy’ibyago bikomeye nko kunyura mu miyoboro y’amazi, kwangirika kw’inyubako, cyangwa gutemba kw’inkengero, bityo bikarinda imyuzure ikomeye iterwa no kwangirika kw’inyubako.

II. Imikorere y'ubufatanye

Ibi bice bitatu bikora mu buryo bw'ubufatanye, bigakora umurongo wuzuye w'ububurira:

1. Igipimo cy'Imvura ni cyo cya mbere cyatangaje "uburyo imvura igwa iturutse mu kirere."
2. Ingero z’amazi zigaragaza ko amazi ashobora kugwa n’amazi menshi ashobora kugabanuka bitewe n’uko amazi ashobora kugwa.
3. Imashini ipima amazi mu bice by'ingenzi by'imigezi igenzura ibi byahanuwe mu buryo bwihuse, ivuga "ingano y'amazi mu by'ukuri ari mu ruzi," kandi igatanga umuburo nyawo ku bijyanye n'igihe cyo kuzamuka kw'amazi n'ubunini bw'amazi hashingiwe ku kwiyongera kw'amazi ava mu ruzi.
4. Muri icyo gihe, Sensor yo Guhindura Amazi ikurikirana neza niba "agakoresho gafata amazi" gafite umutekano, igenzura ko amazi y'umwuzure arekurwa mu buryo bugenzurwa kandi ikarinda ibiza bikomeye biterwa no kwangirika kw'inyubako.

III. Ingaruka zikomeye

1. Ubuziranenge n'igihe byongerewe cyane mu gutanga umuburo:
* Amakuru aturuka ku mazi mu gihe nyacyo agabanya cyane imiterere y’ibizabera mu gihe cy’imvura isanzwe. Ibi bihindura imiburo kuva ku “guhanura” kugera ku “gutangaza amakuru mu gihe nyacyo,” kugura amasaha y’agaciro cyangwa amasaha menshi y’igihe cy’agaciro cyo kwimuka no gutabara mu buryo bwihutirwa.

2. Kongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'imyuzure ikabije:
* Gupima bidahuye n’aho ibintu bigeze bituma ibyuma bipima ikirere bya radar bikora neza mu gihe cy’imyuzure ikomeye ya kera, bikuzuza amakuru y’ingenzi mu gihe cy’ibiza bikomeye cyane. Ibi bitanga ibimenyetso bigaragara by’ibyemezo by’amabwiriza, bikarinda “imirwano mu mwijima” mu bihe bikomeye cyane.

3. Kwagura kuva ku muburo w'umwuzure kugera ku muburo w'umutekano mu nyubako kugira ngo habeho gukumira ibiza mu buryo bwuzuye:
* Guhuza uburyo bwo kumenya aho ibintu bihurira n’amazi bivugurura uburyo bwo kuburira abantu kuva ku buryo bwo kumenya amakuru y’amazi gusa kugeza ku buryo bwo kuburira abantu ku bijyanye n’umutekano. Bishobora kuburira abantu ku “biza bisanzwe” gusa, ahubwo binarinda “ibiza byatewe n’abantu” (ibyangiritse mu miterere y’ibintu), bikongera cyane uburebure n’ubugari bw’uburyo bwo gukumira ibiza.

4. Guteza imbere imicungire y'amazi meza no kuyakoresha mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga:
* Amakuru menshi atangwa n’izi sensors aboneka mu gihe nyacyo ni yo shingiro ryo kubaka "Ubutaka Bubiri bw’Imvura bwa Digital." Isesengura rinyuze mu makuru menshi n’ubwenge bw’ubukorano rituma habaho kunoza imiterere y’amazi, bigatuma habaho ubuhanga bwo kwigana imyuzure, guhanura, no gukora ikigega cy’amazi, amaherezo biganisha ku micungire myiza kandi y’ubwenge y’umutungo w’amazi.

5. Kubyara inyungu zikomeye mu bukungu n'imibereho myiza:
* Ubuhanuzi bukwiye bugabanya impfu n'ibyangiritse ku mitungo. Igihombo cyirindwa hakoreshejwe ingamba nko gufunga amarembo mbere y'igihe, kwimura imitungo, no kwimura abaturage kirenze cyane ishoramari mu kubaka izi gahunda zo gukurikirana, bigatuma ishoramari ribona inyungu nyinshi. Byongeye kandi, byongera umutekano w'abaturage n'icyizere mu buryo bwo gukumira ibiza.

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