Mu gihe isi yibanda ku miterere y’ejo hazaza ya THE LINE, urusobe rw’amajwi ruri mu mizi y’imijyi mishya, ibibanza bya peteroli, n’ahantu hatagatifu ruri guhumeka bucece, rutanga umutekano w’ibanze n’urwego rw’amakuru kuri iyi mpinduka ikomeye.
Munsi y'ubutayu bunini bw'Intara y'Iburasirazuba ya Arabiya Sawudite, ikigega kinini cyane cya peteroli cya Ghawar ku isi gikuramo amabaruni miliyoni y'ibinyampeke buri munsi. Hejuru y'ubutaka, uburyo bwo "gukuramo" butoroshye bukora amasaha 24/7: ibihumbi by'ibikoresho by'ingufu "bicukura" ikirere gishyushye kugira ngo bibone amakuru kuri hydrogen, sulfide ya hydrogen, imyuka itwika, n'ibintu bikomoka ku bimera bihindagurika, birinda ubukungu bw'igihugu.
Iyi ni intangiriro gusa. Kuva ku mishinga y’umujyi wa Riyadh urimo gutera imbere kugeza ku mushinga wa NEOM uri ku nkombe z’inyanja itukura n’umujyi mutagatifu wa Makka, ucumbikira abashyitsi babarirwa muri za miriyoni buri mwaka, ikoranabuhanga rigamije “kumenya ibitagaragara” ririmo gushyigikira mu buryo bucece Icyerekezo gikomeye cy’igihugu cya 2030.
Abashoferi b'ingenzi: Kuki Arabiya Sawudite ari yo mpamvu ubu ari yo?
Ubwiyongere bw'ikoreshwa rya sensor muri Arabiya Sawudite buterwa na moteri eshatu zikomeye:
- Ingingo y'ingenzi yo gukwirakwiza ubukungu: Ishingiro ry'icyerekezo cya 2030 ni ukugabanya kwishingikiriza kuri peteroli binyuze mu guteza imbere inganda, ubukerarugendo, n'ikoranabuhanga ry'ejo hazaza. Inganda nshya zose zubatswe ku rufatiro rw' "umutekano" n' "uburambe."
- Umutekano mu nganda: Kwaguka kw'inganda zitari iza peteroli nka peteroli, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, no gukuramo umunyu mu mazi bizana ibyifuzo bikomeye byo kugenzura imyuka itwika n'uburozi.
- Uburyo bwo gutura mu mijyi: Guhanga imijyi ifite ubwenge bwo guturamo (nka NEOM) bisaba uburyo bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'umwuka mu gihe nyacyo nk'ikimenyetso cy'ubwitange mu bidukikije.
- Izina ry'ubukerarugendo: Guharanira umutekano w'abaturage mu turere dufite abantu benshi cyane, nko mu mishinga y'ubukerarugendo yo ku Nyanja Itukura, ku nkengero z'inyanja ya Jeddah, n'imijyi yera.
- Ikibazo cy’ibidukikije bikabije: Imiterere y’ubutaka bwa Arabiya Sawudite ubwayo ni ahantu hagaragaza ikoranabuhanga.
- Ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umukungugu: Ubushyuhe bwa buri munsi bukunze kurenga 45°C hamwe n'imvura nyinshi y'umucanga, bigasaba ibyuma bipima ibidukikije bikaze cyane.
- Ahantu hangirika: Umunyu mwinshi mu mishinga yo ku nkombe na hydrogen sulfide mu duce twa peteroli na gaze biteza ibibazo bikomeye by’ibikoresho.
- Intambwe y'Umutungo Mukuru w'Igihugu: Ishoramari rikomeye ryakozwe n'Ikigega cya Arabiya Sawudite cy'Ishoramari rya Leta (PIF) ryemerera imishinga ya "greenfield" nka NEOM guhuza imiyoboro y'amajwi mu gishushanyo mbonera cy'umujyi kuva ku munsi wa mbere—nk'iy'ibanze nk'amazi n'amashanyarazi—aho kuba iy'ivugurura.
Ibintu bine by'ingenzi bishyirwa mu bikorwa
Icyitegererezo cya 1: “Abashinzwe umutekano w’ikoranabuhanga” b’Itsinda ry’Ingufu
Mu bigo bicungwa na Saudi Aramco, kugenzura gazi byahindutse kuva ku "majwi y'aho biherereye" kugeza ku "umutekano uteganyijwe." Fibre optique ya Distributed Tensing (DTS) ku miyoboro ntishobora gusa kugaragaza amazi make ya hydrocarbon ariko inaburira ku byago bya corruption cyangwa ingaruka mbi z'umuntu wa gatatu mbere yuko habaho kwangirika kw'umubiri binyuze mu gusesengura ubushyuhe n'ibibazo by'amajwi. Ibi ni ukurinda umutungo wa miliyari nyinshi z'amadolari.
Icyitegererezo cya 2: "Sisitemu yo guhumeka" ya NEOM mu Mujyi w'ejo hazaza
Muri gahunda za NEOM, umuyoboro w’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga ni ingenzi mu “buryo bwo gutekereza.” Ugomba kugenzura imyuka ihumanya gakondo (PM2.5, NOx) no gukurikirana ikarita z’ubwiyongere bwa CO₂ kugira ngo usuzume akamaro k’ibikorwa byo gukusanya karubone, ndetse utange amakuru y’igenzura ry’umutungo w’umujyi “w’inguzanyo ya karubone”. Aha, ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bikora nk’ababaruramari n’abagenzuzi b’ibidukikije.
Icyitegererezo cya 3: “Urusobe rw’umutekano rw’imbaga y’abantu” rwa Makkah
Mu gihe cya Hajj, Umusigiti Mukuru wa Makka wakira abantu barenga miliyoni 2. Muri ubwo bucucike, kwiyongera kwa monoxide ya karuboni, kugabanuka kwa ogisijeni, cyangwa gusohoka kwa gazi zicana ni ibintu bibi cyane. Ingabo za Arabiya Sawudite zikoresha ibikoresho bidafite insinga, bihuza ibyuma bipima insinga ahantu h'ingenzi ho guhumeka, inzira zo munsi y'ubutaka, no mu macumbi y'agateganyo. Iyi "Crowd Safety Sensory Network" ikora isuzuma ry'umwuka n'ikwirakwira rya gazi mu gihe nyacyo, ikemerera guhindura uburyo umwuka uhumeka n'ubuyobozi bw'abantu mbere yuko ibyago bigera ku rwego rukomeye.
Icyitegererezo cya 4: “Icyerekezo cy’ikoranabuhanga ritangiza ibidukikije” cy’Ikigega cya Sovereign Fund
Umushinga w’ubukerarugendo wa “Red Sea Global” ushyigikiwe na PIF ugamije kuba igipimo ngenderwaho ku isi mu bukerarugendo burambye. Inganda z’amazi mabi zo mu birwa byayo hamwe n’ububiko bw’izuba na hydrogen bifite uburyo bugezweho bwo kumenya imyanda ya methane na hydrogen. Aya makuru ntagaragaza gusa umutekano mu mikorere ahubwo anagaragaza ibimenyetso by’ingenzi byo kwemeza umuhigo wayo wa “100% wa karuboni utagira karuboni” ku muryango mpuzamahanga.
Ikoranabuhanga n'Isoko Rigezweho
- Amahitamo y'ikoranabuhanga:
- Amavuta na Gazi: Ibikoresho bya infrared (NDIR) na catalytic bead sensors ni ibisanzwe, birushaho guhuzwa na laser absorption spectroscopy kugira ngo birusheho kuba byiza kandi birusheho kuba byiza.
- Imijyi n'ibidukikije: Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi biciriritse kandi bihendutse, bikoreshwa mu buryo bwinshi, bikoreshwa mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi ifite ubucucike bwinshi.
- Icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza: Ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa Next-gen bishingiye kuri photoacoustic spectroscopy na quantum sensing, bihabwa agaciro kubera ubushobozi bwo kugaragaza imiterere y'amajwi menshi cyane no kugenzura neza, birimo gusuzumwa mu mishinga ireba imbere nka NEOM.
- Inzira zo Kubona Isoko:
- Icyemezo Mpuzamahanga ni Itike: Muri Arabiya Sawudite, cyane cyane mu bijyanye n'ingufu, icyemezo mpuzamahanga nka ATEX, IECEx, na SIL2 ni ibisabwa ku kwinjira muri icyo gihugu bidasubirwaho.
- Ubufatanye bw'ibanze ni inzira: Guhuza n'intego z'icyerekezo cya 2030 cyo gushyira mu bikorwa ibikorwa by'ibanze (nk'ukoSawudiyo), gushinga imishinga ihuriweho cyangwa ubufatanye bwimbitse n'abakozi bo mu gihugu ni ingamba y'ingenzi ku batanga ibicuruzwa b'abanyamahanga.
Imbogamizi n'ibitekerezo: Birenze amakuru, bigana ubwenge
Nubwo hashyizweho uburyo bwihuse bwo kurwanya icyorezo, haracyari imbogamizi:
- "Imiterere y'amakuru": Amakuru aturuka mu bigo by'ingufu, imijyi n'ibidukikije ntabwo ahujwe neza, bigatuma isesengura ry'inzego zitandukanye rigabanuka.
- "Marathon yo mu Butayu" yo Kubungabunga: Guharanira ko imiyoboro y'ibikoresho ikora neza kandi igapimwa buri gihe mu mirima ya peteroli iri kure cyangwa mu butayu bunini ni imbogamizi ikomeye ku bijyanye n'ibikoresho no ku giciro.
- "Intambwe ya nyuma" kuva ku igenzura kugeza ku miyoborere: Ikizamini nyacyo cya ROI ni uguhindura neza amakuru menshi mu buryo bufatika mu bijyanye na politiki y'imijyi, kunoza inganda, cyangwa ubuyobozi bw'ubuzima rusange.
Umwanzuro: Kurenga Umutekano, Kugena Ejo hazaza
Muri Arabiya Sawudite, uruhare rw'ibikoresho bipima gazi rwagutse cyane kurusha "gutahura aho amazi aturuka" bisanzwe. Birimo guhinduka ibikorwa remezo by'ingenzi by'amakuru:
- Mu bukungu, ni abashinzwe kurinda umutungo n'abateza imbere imikorere.
- Mu bidukikije, ni bo byemeza imihigo ishingiye ku bidukikije n'ibipimo by'ingamba zo kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere.
- Mu mibanire, ni abarinda umutekano w’imbaga y’abantu benshi kandi ni abarinzi b’ejo hazaza ho gutura mu mijyi.
Mu gihe Arabiya Sawudite igerageza kwandika igice gishya cy’imibereho y’abantu mu butayu, izi nzuru zikoresha ikoranabuhanga zituje ni zo nyuguti z’ingenzi zigaragaza ko iyi nkuru ikomeye idahungabanywa n’ibyago bitagaragara. Ntiyumva gusa imyuka, ahubwo bumva n’umwuka mwinshi w’igihugu kirimo guhinduka—bashyira imbere umutekano, ibidukikije, n’ubuyobozi bufite ubwenge.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-08-2025