Ikoreshwa rya sitasiyo yikirere mu gukumira umuriro w’amashyamba: Ikoranabuhanga rifasha kurinda amazu y’icyatsi muri Amerika

Kubera ko ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku isi zigenda ziyongera kandi ibihe by’ikirere bikabije bikaba byinshi, ibyago by’umuriro w’amashyamba muri Amerika nabyo biriyongera. Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke neza, guverinoma zo mu nzego zose n’imiryango y’ibidukikije muri Amerika zirimo gushyiraho ingamba zihamye zo gukurikirana ikirere hagamijwe kunoza umuriro w’amashyamba no guhangana n’ibisubizo. Muri Amerika, ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ikirere mu gukumira inkongi z’amashyamba ryageze ku ntera ishimishije kandi ryabaye imbaraga z’ubuhanga n’ikoranabuhanga mu kurinda amazu y’icyatsi.

Gukurikirana-igihe, kuburira hakiri kare
Gukumira inkongi y'umuriro gakondo ahanini bishingiye ku irondo ry'intoki no kumenya ubushishozi, ariko ubu buryo bufite ibibazo byo gukora neza no gutinda. Mu myaka yashize, leta nyinshi n’uturere tw’amashyamba muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika byatangiye kohereza sitasiyo y’ikirere igezweho ishobora gukurikirana ibipimo by’ikirere nk’icyerekezo cy’umuyaga, umuvuduko w’umuyaga, ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, n’imvura mu gihe gikwiye.

Urubanza:
Muri Californiya, ikirere cyashyizwe hejuru mumashyamba hamwe n’ahantu h'ingenzi kugira ngo hakusanywe amakuru y’ikirere amasaha 24 kuri 24. Aya makuru yoherezwa mu kigo gishinzwe kurwanya umuriro mu mashyamba mu gihe nyacyo binyuze mu muyoboro udafite insinga, kandi abakozi b’ikigo cy’ubuyobozi bashobora gutanga imburi z’umuriro w’amashyamba mu gihe gikwiye hakurikijwe impinduka z’imiterere y’ikirere. Kurugero, mu mpeshyi yo mu 2024, Californiya yitegereje iminsi myinshi ikurikirana yubushyuhe, bwumutse binyuze kuri sitasiyo yikirere no kwiyongera cyane kwumuyaga. Hashingiwe kuri aya makuru, ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura inkongi y'umuriro cyatanze umuburo mwinshi ku byago by’umuriro mu gihe, kandi gishimangira ingufu z’irondo no kugenzura, kandi amaherezo cyashoboye kwirinda inkongi y'umuriro nini ishobora kuba.

Isesengura ryubwenge, igisubizo cyihuse
Ibihe bigezweho ntibishobora gukurikirana gusa amakuru yubumenyi bwikirere mugihe nyacyo, ariko kandi birashobora gukora isesengura ryimbitse no gutunganya amakuru binyuze muri sisitemu yo gusesengura ubwenge. Kurugero, ikirere gishobora guhuza amakuru yubumenyi bwikirere na leta y’amashyamba kugirango hamenyekane urwego rw’ibyago by’umuriro mu gihe kiri imbere kandi bitange ikarita irambuye yo gukwirakwiza ingaruka z’umuriro.

Urubanza:
Ku gasozi karimo ibidukikije muri Oregon, sitasiyo y’ikirere ihujwe n’indege zitagira abadereva hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rya kure ryifashisha ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo habeho umuyoboro w’ibice bitatu byo gukurikirana umuriro w’amashyamba. Amakuru y’ibanze y’ikirere yatanzwe n’ikirere, afatanije n’igenzura ry’ikirere cya UAV hamwe n’ikurikiranwa rya kure ry’icyogajuru, bituma ikigo gishinzwe kuzimya umuriro gishobora gusobanukirwa neza n’ikibazo cy’umuriro cy’ishyamba. Mu mpeshyi ya 2024, ako karere, binyuze muri sisitemu yo gusesengura ubwenge y’ikirere, bahanuye ko mu minsi iri imbere hazabaho inkuba, zishobora guteza inkuba mu buryo bworoshye. Nk’uko iyi miburo ibigaragaza, ikigo cy’ubuyobozi cyahise cyohereza vuba abakozi n’ibikoresho by’umuriro, bitegura igisubizo hakiri kare, kandi amaherezo kizimya umuriro w’amashyamba menshi yatewe n’inkuba mu gihe cy’inkuba, birinda ikwirakwizwa ry’umuriro.

Amashami menshi arafatanya gukumira umuriro
Ikoreshwa rya sitasiyo y’ikirere mu gukumira inkongi z’amashyamba ntabwo ryongera gusa imikorere yo kuburira hakiri kare no kubikurikirana, ahubwo binateza imbere ubufatanye bw’inzego nyinshi. Muri Amerika, Ishami ry’iteganyagihe ryashyizeho uburyo bwa hafi bw’ubufatanye n’ishami ry’amashyamba, ishami ry’umuriro n’izindi nzego kugira ngo dufatanye guhangana n’ingaruka z’umuriro w’amashyamba.

Urubanza:
Muri Kolorado, Serivisi ishinzwe ikirere itanga buri gihe iteganyagihe hamwe n’amakuru yo kuburira umuriro ishami ry’amashyamba n’umuriro. Hashingiwe ku mibare y’ikirere, urwego rw’amashyamba ruhindura ingamba zo gucunga amashyamba, nko kugenzura ikusanyirizo ry’ibikoresho byaka ndetse no gukuraho inzitizi z’umuriro. Dukurikije amakuru yo kuburira hakiri kare, ishami ry’umuriro ryohereje ingabo z’umuriro mbere yo kwitegura byihutirwa. Mu mpeshyi yo mu 2024, ibihe by'ubushyuhe n'ubushyuhe byakomeje kugaragara mu turere twinshi tw’amashyamba muri Kolorado, kandi ikigo cy’ikirere cyatanze umuburo ukabije w’umuriro mu gihe. Nk’uko iyi miburo ibigaragaza, ishami ry’amashyamba ryashimangiye irondo ry’amashyamba n’imirimo yo gusukura lisansi, kandi ishami ry’umuriro ryohereje abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro n’ibikoresho byinshi mu turere tw’amashyamba, amaherezo birinda gutsinda umuriro w’amashyamba manini.

Incamake yamakuru

Icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza
Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere rya siyansi nikoranabuhanga, ikoreshwa ryikirere mu gukumira inkongi y'umuriro mu mashyamba bizaba byinshi kandi byimbitse. Mu bihe biri imbere, sitasiyo y’ikirere izashobora guhuza amakuru menshi y’ibidukikije, nk’ubushyuhe bw’ubutaka n’imiterere y’ibimera, kugira ngo itange inkunga ihamye yo gukumira inkongi y'umuriro. Byongeye kandi, hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga rya interineti yibintu (IoT), ikirere kizashobora guhuza nibindi bikoresho birinda umuriro, bizafasha gucunga neza amashyamba.

Umuyobozi w'ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe iteganyagihe muri Amerika yagize ati:

Umwanzuro
Mu gusoza, ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ikirere mu gukumira inkongi z’amashyamba ryageze ku musaruro udasanzwe, ntabwo ryongera gusa imikorere yo kuburira hakiri kare no kubikurikirana, ahubwo binateza imbere ubufatanye bw’inzego nyinshi. Hamwe n’iterambere rikomeje no kumenyekanisha ikoranabuhanga, sitasiyo y’ikirere izagira uruhare runini mu gukumira umuriro w’amashyamba kandi itange inkunga ikomeye mu bumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga mu kurengera umutungo w’amashyamba n’ibidukikije. Binyuze mu gukoresha ubwo buhanga bugezweho, Amerika igenda yerekeza kuri gahunda yo gucunga neza umuriro w’amashyamba yizewe kandi neza.

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