Ikoreshwa ry'ahantu hahurira ikirere mu gukumira inkongi z'umuriro mu mashyamba: Ikoranabuhanga rifasha mu kurinda amazu y'icyatsi kibisi muri Amerika

Uko ingaruka z'imihindagurikire y'ikirere ku isi zigenda ziyongera n'ibihe bikomeye by'ikirere birushaho kwiyongera, ibyago byo gutwika amashyamba muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika nabyo biriyongera. Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke neza, za guverinoma zo mu nzego zose n'imiryango irengera ibidukikije muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika barimo gushyiraho ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo kugenzura ikirere kugira ngo banoze ubushobozi bwo kuburira inkongi z'umuriro mu mashyamba no guhangana nazo. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ikoreshwa ry'ahantu hakorerwa imihindagurikire y'ikirere mu gukumira inkongi z'umuriro mu mashyamba ryageze ku musaruro utangaje kandi ryabaye imbaraga zikomeye mu bya siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga mu kurinda amazu y’ibidukikije.

Gukurikirana mu buryo nyabwo, gutanga umuburo nyawo hakiri kare
Gukumira inkongi z’umuriro mu mashyamba bisanzwe bishingiye ahanini ku kugenzura intoki no kumenya uko ibintu bimeze, ariko ubu buryo bufite ibibazo byo kudakora neza no gutinda guhangana n’ingaruka mbi. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, leta nyinshi n’uturere tw’amashyamba muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika byatangiye gushyiraho sitasiyo zigezweho zishobora kugenzura ibipimo by’ingenzi by’ikirere nko kureba icyerekezo cy’umuyaga, umuvuduko w’umuyaga, ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, n’imvura mu gihe nyacyo.

Urubanza:
Muri Kaliforuniya, sitasiyo z’iteganyagihe zishyirwa hejuru mu ishyamba no mu bice by’ingenzi kugira ngo zikusanyirize amakuru y’iteganyagihe amasaha 24 ku munsi. Aya makuru yoherezwa mu kigo gishinzwe kugenzura inkongi z’umuriro mu ishyamba mu gihe nyacyo binyuze mu muyoboro wa interineti udafite umugozi, kandi abakozi b’ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura bashobora gutanga uburinzi ku ngaruka z’inkongi z’umuriro mu gihe gikwiye hakurikijwe impinduka mu makuru y’iteganyagihe. Urugero, mu mpeshyi ya 2024, Kaliforuniya yabonye iminsi myinshi yikurikiranya y’ikirere gishyushye kandi cyumye binyuze mu bigo by’iteganyagihe n’ubwiyongere bugaragara bw’umuvuduko w’umuyaga. Hashingiwe kuri aya makuru, ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura inkongi cyatanze uburinzi ku ngaruka z’inkongi z’umuriro mu gihe gikwiye, kandi cyakomeje ibikorwa byo kugenzura no kugenzura, kandi amaherezo cyabashije kwirinda inkongi y’umuriro ishobora gutwika ishyamba mu buryo bukabije.

Isesengura ry'ubwenge, igisubizo cyihuse
Ibigo bigezweho by’iteganyagihe ntibishobora gukurikirana amakuru y’iteganyagihe gusa mu gihe nyacyo, ahubwo binakora isesengura ryimbitse no gutunganya amakuru binyuze mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga bw’isesengura. Urugero, ibiro bikuru by’iteganyagihe bishobora guhuza amakuru y’amateka y’iteganyagihe n’imiterere y’amashyamba kugira ngo bihanure urwego rw’ibyago by’inkongi mu gihe kiri imbere kandi bikore ikarita irambuye y’ikwirakwizwa ry’ibyago by’inkongi.

Urubanza:
Mu kigo cy’ibidukikije cya Oregon, sitasiyo z’iteganyagihe zihuzwa n’indege zitagira abapilote (drones) n’ikoranabuhanga ryo kumenya inkongi y’ikirere kugira ngo habeho umuyoboro w’igenzura ry’inkongi y’umuriro mu mashyamba ufite imiterere itatu. Amakuru y’ibanze ku miterere y’ikirere atangwa n’ikigo cy’iteganyagihe, hamwe n’igenzura ry’ikirere rya UAV n’igenzura ry’icyo kigo cy’iteganyagihe, bituma ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura inkongi y’umuriro gisobanukirwa neza imiterere y’inkongi y’umuriro mu ishyamba. Mu mpeshyi ya 2024, ako karere, binyuze mu buryo bw’ubwenge bwo gusesengura ikirere, kahanuye ko hazabaho inkuba mu minsi mike iri imbere, zishobora gutera inkongi z’umuriro w’inkuba byoroshye. Nk’uko byagaragajwe n’umuburo, ikigo cy’ubuyobozi cyohereje vuba abakozi b’abazimya umuriro n’ibikoresho, biteguye guhangana mbere y’igihe, kandi amaherezo bazimya inkongi nyinshi z’amashyamba zatewe n’inkuba mu gihe cy’inkuba, birinda gukwirakwira kw’inkongi y’umuriro.

Inzego nyinshi zikorana kugira ngo zikumire inkongi z'umuriro
Gukoresha sitasiyo z’iteganyagihe mu gukumira inkongi z’umuriro mu mashyamba ntibyongera gusa ubushobozi bwo gutanga amakuru mbere y’igihe no kuyakurikirana, ahubwo binateza imbere ubufatanye bw’inzego zitandukanye. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Ishami rishinzwe iteganyagihe ryashyizeho uburyo bwo gukorana bya hafi n’ishami rishinzwe amashyamba, ishami rishinzwe kuzimya inkongi n’izindi nzego kugira ngo bafatanye guhangana n’ingaruka z’inkongi z’umuriro mu mashyamba.

Urubanza:
Muri Colorado, Serivisi ishinzwe iteganyagihe ihora itanga amakuru yerekeye iteganyagihe n'ubuhamya ku byerekeye inkongi z'umuriro ku mashami y'amashyamba n'abazimya inkongi. Hashingiwe ku makuru y'iteganyagihe, urwego rw'amashyamba ruhindura ingamba zo gucunga amashyamba, nko kugenzura ubwinshi bw'ibikoresho bishya no gukuraho inzitizi z'inkongi z'umuriro. Dukurikije amakuru yerekeye ubuhamya bw'ibanze, ishami rishinzwe kuzimya inkongi rishyiraho ingabo zishinzwe kuzimya inkongi mbere y'igihe kugira ngo zitegure byihutirwa. Mu mpeshyi ya 2024, habayeho ubushyuhe bwinshi n'izuba mu turere twinshi tw'amashyamba muri Colorado, kandi ishami rishinzwe iteganyagihe ryatanze ubuhamya ku ngaruka zikomeye z'inkongi z'umuriro ku gihe. Dukurikije ubuhamya bw'ubuhamya, ishami rishinzwe amashyamba ryakomeje ibikorwa byo kugenzura amashyamba no gusukura lisansi, kandi ishami rishinzwe kuzimya inkongi ryohereje abakozi benshi bashinzwe kuzimya inkongi n'ibikoresho mu turere tw'ingenzi tw'amashyamba, kandi amaherezo birinda ko inkongi y'umuriro ikomeye yakwibasira amashyamba.

Incamake y'amakuru

Icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza
Hamwe n’iterambere rikomeje mu bumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga, ikoreshwa ry’ahantu hakorerwa imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu gukumira inkongi z’umuriro mu mashyamba rizarushaho kuba ryinshi kandi ryimbitse. Mu gihe kizaza, ahantu hakorerwa imihindagurikire y’ikirere hazaba hashobora guhuza amakuru menshi yerekeye ibidukikije, nk’ubushuhe bw’ubutaka n’imiterere y’ibimera, kugira ngo habeho ubufasha busesuye mu gufata ibyemezo byo gukumira inkongi z’umuriro mu mashyamba. Byongeye kandi, hamwe n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rya interineti y’ibintu (IoT), ahantu hakorerwa imihindagurikire y’ikirere hazaba hashobora guhuzwa n’ibindi bikoresho byo kurinda inkongi z’umuriro, bityo hakorwe imicungire myiza y’inkongi z’umuriro mu mashyamba.

Umuyobozi w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Iteganyagihe cya Amerika yagize ati mu nama iherutse: “Gukoresha ahantu hahurira ikirere mu gukumira inkongi z’umuriro mu mashyamba ni ingenzi mu bushakashatsi n’ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo bifashe mu kurengera ibidukikije. Tuzakomeza guteza imbere iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga mu gihe cy’ikirere, kunoza ubushobozi bwo kuburira inkongi z’umuriro mu mashyamba no guhangana nazo, no gutanga umusanzu mu kurinda ibidukikije muri Amerika.”

Umwanzuro
Mu gusoza, ikoreshwa ry’ahantu hahurira ikirere mu gukumira inkongi z’umuriro mu mashyamba ryageze ku musaruro utangaje, ntabwo ryanogeje gusa imikorere myiza yo gutanga amakuru no gukurikirana hakiri kare, ahubwo ryanateje imbere ubufatanye mu nzego zitandukanye. Bitewe n’iterambere rikomeje no gukwirakwiza ikoranabuhanga, ahantu hahurira ikirere hazagira uruhare runini mu gukumira inkongi z’umuriro mu mashyamba no gutanga inkunga ikomeye ya siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga mu kurinda umutungo kamere w’amashyamba n’ibidukikije. Binyuze mu ikoreshwa ry’ubu buhanga bushya, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ziri mu nzira yo gucunga inkongi z’umuriro mu mashyamba mu buryo bwizewe kandi bunoze.

Kugira ngo ubone amakuru arambuye kuri sitasiyo y'iteganyagihe,

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