Ibyuma bipima ubutaka muri Masedoniya y'Amajyaruguru: Imbaraga nshya z'impinduka mu buhinzi

Muri Masedoniya y'Amajyaruguru, ubuhinzi, nk'inganda zikomeye, burimo guhangana n'ikibazo cyo kunoza umusaruro n'ubwiza bw'ibikomoka ku buhinzi. Vuba aha, ikoranabuhanga rishya, ryigisha ubutaka, ririmo guteza imbere impinduka mu buhinzi muri ubu butaka bucece, rizana icyizere gishya ku bahinzi bo muri ako gace.

Gutera neza ubutaka bituma bushobora kongera ubushobozi bwabwo
Imiterere y’ubutaka n’imiterere y’ubutaka muri Masedoniya y’Amajyaruguru biragoye kandi bitandukanye, kandi uburumbuke bw’ubutaka n’ubushuhe mu turere dutandukanye biratandukanye cyane. Mu gihe cyashize, abahinzi bishingikirizaga ku bunararibonye mu gukora imirimo y’ubuhinzi, kandi byari bigoye guhaza neza ibyo umuhinzi akeneye. Ibyo byahindutse cyane ubwo umuhinzi yashyiragaho ibikoresho by’ubutaka. Ibi bikoresho bishobora kugenzura ibipimo by’ingenzi nka pH y’ubutaka, azote, fosifore na potasiyumu, ubushuhe n’ubushyuhe mu gihe nyacyo. Hamwe n’amakuru atangwa n’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, abahinzi bashobora kumenya neza ubwoko bw’ibihingwa bikwiriye guterwa mu mirima itandukanye no guteza imbere gahunda zo gufumbira no kuhira. Urugero, mu gace gafite azote nkeya, amakuru y’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga atuma umuhinzi yongera ingano ya azote kandi agahindura inshuro yo kuhira hashingiwe ku bushuhe bw’ubutaka. Kubera iyo mpamvu, umusaruro w’ibihingwa mu murima wiyongereyeho 25% ugereranije n’igihe cyashize, kandi umusaruro ni mwiza kandi urusha abandi guhangana ku isoko.

Kugabanya ibiciro no kunoza inyungu mu bukungu bw'ubuhinzi
Ku bahinzi bo muri Masedoniya y'Amajyaruguru, kugabanya ikiguzi cy'umusaruro ni ingenzi mu kunoza inyungu. Gukoresha ibikoresho by'ubutaka bifasha abahinzi kumenya ikoreshwa ry'umutungo neza no kwirinda gusesagura. Mu mirima y'imizabibu, ba nyir'imizabibu bakunze gushora imari irenze urugero mu gufumbira no kuhira mu gihe cyashize, ibyo ntibyakongera ikiguzi gusa, ahubwo byanagira ingaruka mbi ku butaka no ku bidukikije. Mu gushyiraho ibikoresho by'ubutaka, abahinzi bashobora kugenzura neza ingano y'ifumbire n'amazi bakoresha hashingiwe ku makuru batanga ku ntungamubiri z'ubutaka n'ubushuhe. Mu gihe cy'umwaka, ikoreshwa ry'ifumbire ryagabanutseho 20%, amazi yo kuhira yazigamweho 30%, kandi umusaruro n'ubwiza bw'imizabibu ntibyahungabanyijwe na gato. Ba nyir'imizabibu bishimiye ko ibikoresho by'ubutaka bigabanya ikiguzi cy'umusaruro gusa, ahubwo binatuma imicungire y'imizabibu irushaho kuba myiza kandi ikora neza.

Gukemura ikibazo cy'imihindagurikire y'ikirere no kwemeza iterambere rirambye ry'ubuhinzi
Uko ingaruka z'imihindagurikire y'ikirere zigenda zigaragara cyane, ubuhinzi muri Masedoniya y'Amajyaruguru burushaho guhindagurika. Ibikoresho byo gupima ubutaka bishobora gufasha abahinzi guhangana neza n'ibibazo biterwa n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere no kwemeza iterambere rirambye ry'ubuhinzi. Mu turere dutera ingano, ikirere gikabije cyane mu myaka ya vuba aha cyateje ihindagurika rikomeye ry'ubushuhe n'ubushyuhe bw'ubutaka, ibyo bikaba bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikurire y'ingano. Abahinzi bakoresha ibikoresho byo gupima ubutaka kugira ngo bakurikirane imiterere y'ubutaka mu gihe nyacyo, kandi iyo ibikoresho byo gupima ubutaka bibonye ko ubushyuhe bw'ubutaka buri hejuru cyane cyangwa ubushuhe buri hasi cyane, umuhinzi ashobora gufata ingamba zijyanye n'ibyo mu gihe, nko gupfuka igicucu no gukonjesha cyangwa kuhira by'inyongera. Muri ubu buryo, mu gihe hari ikirere kibi, umusaruro w'ingano muri aka karere uracyakomeza kugira umusaruro uhamye, bigabanya ingaruka z'imihindagurikire y'ikirere ku musaruro w'ubuhinzi.
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Impuguke mu by'ubuhinzi zagaragaje ko ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho by'ubutaka muri Masedoniya y'Amajyaruguru bitanga inkunga ikomeye mu guhindura ubuhinzi bwo mu gace uhereye ku buryo gakondo bujya mu buhinzi bugezweho bunoze, bukora neza kandi burambye. Bitewe no guteza imbere no gukwirakwiza iri koranabuhanga, byitezwe ko rizateza imbere inganda z'ubuhinzi muri Masedoniya y'Amajyaruguru kugira ngo zigere ku ntambwe nziza, zizamure inyungu nyinshi mu bukungu ku bahinzi, kandi ziteze imbere kurengera ibidukikije mu buhinzi. Bikekwa ko mu gihe cya vuba aha, ibikoresho by'ubutaka bizaba ibisanzwe mu musaruro w'ubuhinzi muri Masedoniya y'Amajyaruguru, bifashe ubuhinzi bwo mu gace kwandika igice gishya cyiza.