Utwuma tw’ubutaka ni kimwe mu bisubizo byagaragaje akamaro kabyo ku ngano nto kandi bishobora kuba ingirakamaro mu buhinzi.
Ibikoresho byo Gupima Ubutaka ni iki?
Ibipimo bikurikirana imiterere y'ubutaka, bigatuma haboneka amakuru n'isesengura mu gihe nyacyo. Ibipimo bishobora gukurikirana imiterere y'ubutaka hafi ya bwose, nka ADN y'udukoko twibasirwa n'ibinyabuzima, kugira ngo bihindure uburinganire bugana ku buzima bwiza bw'ubutaka, umusaruro wiyongere, no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'umutungo.
Ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho byo mu buhinzi bukoresha uburyo butandukanye, nko gupima ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi no gupima urumuri rw'imiraba, kugira ngo hamenyekane imiterere y'ingenzi y'ubutaka ishobora guhindura imikorere y'ubuhinzi.
Ubwoko bw'ibikoresho byo gupima ubutaka
Ibikoresho by'ubutaka bishobora gupima imiterere y'ubutaka nk'ubushuhe, ubushyuhe, pH, umunyu, ubushuhe, imirasire ya photosynthesis, n'ingano y'intungamubiri.—ahanini azote, fosifore, na potasiyumu by'ingenzi (NPK).
Uretse inyungu zabyo mu gucunga ibihingwa, nko kuba ibinyampeke byiza kurushaho no kugabanya intungamubiri, ibyuma bipima ubutaka bishobora gutanga amakuru yerekeye umutungo kamere w'amazi, ubusugire bw'ubutaka, n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere.
Izindi ngenderwaho zirimo gahunda yo kuhira, isuzuma ry’amazi, isesengura ry’ibidukikije bya mikorobe, no gukumira indwara z’ibimera.
Ibyiza byo gukoresha ibikoresho byo gupima ubutaka
Gukurikirana uko ubutaka buhagaze bitanga inyungu nyinshi ku bahinzi n'abahinzi, harimo kongera umusaruro w'ibihingwa no kunoza imikorere y'umutungo. IoT, serivisi zo mu bicu, no guhuza ubuhanga bwo gukora ubushakashatsi ku ikoranabuhanga (AI) bifasha abahinzi gufata ibyemezo bishingiye ku makuru.
Utwuma dukoresha ifumbire neza, tugumisha ibimera mu buzima bwiza, tukongera umutungo, kandi tugabanye amazi n'imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Gukurikirana buri gihe kandi birinda ibibazo, nko kwandura indwara cyangwa gupfunyika k'ubutaka.
Gukurikirana imiterere y'ubutaka hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gupima ubutaka bishobora no kunoza ikoreshwa ry'ifumbire n'amazi.'Byagaragaye ko hafi 30% by'ifumbire mvaruganda ya nitrati ikoreshwa muri Amerika irasukura kandi ikanduza amasoko y'amazi. Ndetse n'uburyo bwo kuhira bugezweho bushobora gupfusha ubusa amazi kugeza kuri 50%, kandi ubuhinzi ni bwo butera 70% by'ikoreshwa ry'amazi meza ku isi. Ubushobozi bwo kongera amazi mu butaka neza kandi neza bushobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye.
Gushyiraho no Gupima Ibikoresho Bipima Ubutaka
Buri sensor izaba ifite umurongo wayo wo kuyishyiraho, ariko kuyishyiraho akenshi bisaba gucukura umwobo cyangwa umuyoboro mu murongo w'ibihingwa no gushyira sensor mu bujyakuzimu butandukanye, harimo no hafi y'imizi y'ibimera.
Mu buso bunini, uburyo bwiza bwo gushyira ahantu hagaragaza igice gisigaye cy’ubutaka cyangwa ubwoko bw’ubutaka bugomba gucungwa, hafi y’aho amazi asohora, kandi hagahuzwa n’ubutaka (ni ukuvuga ko nta mifuka y’umwuka ihari). Ahantu ho gupima hagomba kandi gushyirwaho ikimenyetso cyangwa ikindi kimenyetso ku buso kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika ku bw’impanuka.
Uretse gushyiraho neza, gupima ibyuma bipima imiterere y'ubutaka ni ingenzi. Ibipimo by'ubutaka bandikisha amakuru y'ubushuhe bw'ubutaka nk'amazi menshi (VWC), kandi buri bwoko bw'ubutaka bufite VWC yabwo. Ibipimo by'ubushuhe bw'ubutaka akenshi bigira ubushobozi butandukanye bwo kubyihanganira, kandi bishobora gukenera gupimwa ukwabyo.
Gukemura ibibazo
Ibikoresho bishobora kwangirika bitewe n'ibibazo by'amashanyarazi, imbogamizi zituruka ku nyamaswa zo mu gasozi, cyangwa insinga zidahuye neza. Umwuka uwo ari wo wose winjira muri tensiometer uzatuma idakora neza. Kwemeza neza ubujyakuzimu bukwiye bwo gushyiraho no gukoresha uburyo bwo kwirinda amazi bishobora gufasha kwirinda ibibazo bizaza.
Uburyo busanzwe bwo gukemura ibibazo burimo:
Gusuzuma amashanyarazi n'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi
Gusukura ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa sensors nta gukoresha imiti
Gukora isuku buri gihe kugira ngo hasimburwe ibice byangiritse nk'uko uwabikoze abivuga'ubuyobozi bwo gusana
Gukurikirana Ubuzima bw'Ubutaka
Ibikoresho byo gupima ubutaka bitanga ingamba zinoze kandi zoroshye zo gusuzuma ubuzima bw'ubutaka. Isuzuma risanzwe ry'ubutaka ringana na biopsy, ishobora gufata ibyumweru cyangwa amezi, bitewe n'imiterere y'ubutaka.
Ibipimo by'ibipimo byihuse cyane, bifata isaha imwe cyangwa ebyiri kuri hegitari 50. Ibipimo byerekana ibintu byose bikenewe kugira ngo ibihingwa bicungwe neza, harimo amazi, umuvuduko w'amazi, no kuba hari ibintu by'umwimerere.—ikimenyetso gikomeye cy'ubuzima bw'ubutaka muri rusange—hatabayeho gukuraho ingero z'ubutaka mu buryo bufatika.
Guhuza na Sisitemu zo Gucunga Ubuhinzi
Nk’uko raporo ya StartUS Insights ibivuga, ibikoresho byo kugenzura ubutaka ni ikoranabuhanga rigira ingaruka nziza cyane bitewe n’uburyo bwo kwaguka, gukora neza no gukoresha neza. Guhuza ibikoresho byo kugenzura ubutaka n’ubundi buryo bwo guhinga burimo gutera imbere, harimo gukoresha ikarita y’ubutaka ikoresha ubuhanga bwa AI, amashusho yo mu kirere, robo zigenzura ubutaka mu buryo bwikora, ibikoresho byo gukurikirana imyuka ihumanya ikirere, isesengura ry’ubutaka mu buryo bwikora, nanotechnology, no guhuza blockchain, bishobora kunoza imicungire y’ubuhinzi.
Imbogamizi n'ibisubizo mu ikoranabuhanga ryo kumenya ubutaka
Hashingiwe kuri raporo ya Kaminuza ya Nebraska yo mu 2020, 12% by'imirima yo muri Amerika ni yo ikoresha ibikoresho bipima ubushuhe bw'ubutaka kugira ngo imenye gahunda yo kuhira. Ibikoresho bipima ubutaka byarushijeho kuba byiza bitewe n'iterambere rikomeye mu kubona amakuru, uburyo bworoshye bwo kuyakoresha, no gutunganya no kwerekana amakuru, ariko hakenewe intambwe irenzeho.
Utwuma tw’ubutaka tugomba kuba duhendutse kandi dushobora gukorana kugira ngo dukoreshwe ku isi yose. Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw’utwuma tw’ubutaka, bigatuma hatabaho uburyo buhamye bwo gukora no guhuza ibintu.
Ikoranabuhanga rinini risanzweho rishingiye ku byuma bipima amakuru byihariye, bishobora gutuma guhindura amakuru bigorana. Iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga rya sensor, nk'iryo ryakozwe na UC Berkeley, ryoroshya uburyo bwo gukurikirana amakuru mu buryo bwihuse no guteza imbere gufata ibyemezo mu buryo bwihuse mu nzego zitandukanye no ku masoko.
Inyigo: Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Sensors z'Ubutaka neza
Ibikoresho byo Gupima Ubutaka Bifasha Abahinzi Kuzigama Amazi n'Amafaranga
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Kaminuza ya Clemson bwagaragaje ko ibikoresho byo gupima ubushuhe bw'ubutaka bishobora kongera abahinzi'impuzandengo y'inyungu rusange ku kigero cya 20% binyuze mu kongera ubushobozi bwo kuhira mu mirima yageragejwe yahinzemo ubunyobwa, soya, cyangwa ipamba.
Ibibuga byinshi bya siporo birambye
Ibibuga by’imikino birimo gukoresha ibikoresho byo gupima ubutaka. Sitade ya Wembley na Pariki ya Citizens Bank (aho Philadelphia Phillies ituye) ni bimwe mu bibuga by’imikino bikoresha ibikoresho byo gupima ubutaka kugira ngo bibungabunge ahantu ho gukinira hameze neza mu gihe bikoresha amazi n’ingufu nyinshi, nk’uko Soil Scout ikora ibikoresho byo gupima ubutaka ibivuga.
Ibyerekezo by'ejo hazaza mu ikoranabuhanga ryo kumenya ubutaka
Impinduka zigaragara zirimo nanotechnology, hamwe n’uduce duto dushingiye kuri zahabu cyangwa feza twongera ubushobozi bwo kumenya imyuka ihumanya ubutaka nk’ibyuma biremereye.
Utumashini dukoresha nano-compounds dushobora gukurikirana imiterere y'ubutaka hanyuma tugasohora intungamubiri, nka ogisijeni, bitewe n'ihindagurika ry'ubwiza bw'ubutaka. Izindi zibara ibipimo by'ibinyabuzima, nk'umubare w'inzoka zo mu butaka, cyangwa ubwoko butandukanye bw'utunyabuzima duto, binyuze mu isesengura rya ADN, kugira ngo twongere ubushobozi bw'uturemangingo duto mu butaka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mata-09-2024