Salatisi y'icyatsi kibisi ikura neza mu buryo bw'intungamubiri mu bigega by'ubuhinzi, byose bigenzurwa n'ibikoresho byinshi bikora buhoro buhoro by'amazi meza.
Muri laboratwari ya kaminuza yo mu Ntara ya Jiangsu, itsinda ry’amashu ririmo gukura cyane nta butaka, bitewe na sisitemu yo kugenzura amazi ikoresheje ikoranabuhanga rya IoT rikoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Umushakashatsi Zhang Jing yasobanuye ko iyi sisitemu ikoresha uburyo bwinshi bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’amazi kugira ngo ikurikirane ibipimo by’intungamubiri mu gihe nyacyo, hamwe n’uburyo bwo kugenzura amazi mu buryo bworoshye kugira ngo ihindure ubuziranenge bw’amazi hakurikijwe ibyo imyaka ikeneye.
Uko ikoranabuhanga rya hydroponic rigenda rikwirakwira cyane, izi sensors z’amazi zitagaragara cyane zirimo kugira uruhare runini. Kuva ku bigo by’ubushakashatsi by’inzobere kugeza ku ngo zisanzwe, sisitemu zigezweho za hydroponic zirimo guhindura bucece uburyo gakondo bwo guhinga.
01 Imiterere y'ikoranabuhanga rya Hydroponic muri iki gihe
Ugereranyije n’ubuhinzi gakondo bw’ubutaka, hydroponics ituma ibihingwa bikura vuba kandi ikagabanya ibibazo by’udukoko. Kubera ko ibihingwa bihora bifata intungamubiri mu gikoresho cy’intungamubiri, ni ngombwa kugenzura ibipimo by’ubuziranenge bw’amazi mu gikoresho cy’intungamubiri cya hydroponics vuba kandi neza, no kongera intungamubiri uko bikenewe.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, hamwe n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima no kugabanya ikiguzi, sisitemu zigezweho zo gupima amazi zatangiye kuva mu bigo by’ubushakashatsi zijya mu ngo zisanzwe.
Sisitemu isanzwe ya smart hydroponic ubusanzwe igizwe n'ibice bitatu by'ingenzi: sensors, controllers, na actuators.
Muri ibyo, sensors zishinzwe gukusanya ibipimo bitandukanye by’ubuziranenge bw’amazi, zigakora nk' “amaso” n’ “amatwi” by’iyi sisitemu. Ubuhanga bwazo n’uko zihamye ni byo bigaragaza neza intsinzi cyangwa gutsindwa kwa sisitemu yose ya hydroponic.
02 Incamake yimbitse ya Sensors z'ibanze
Ibipimo bya pH
Agaciro ka pH ni ingenzi cyane mu mikurire y'ibihingwa mu buhinzi. Nk'uko umuntu wese mu buhinzi bw'amafi abizi, ingano nziza ya pH ku bidukikije by'amazi iri hagati ya 7.5 na 8.5.
Utwuma tw’amazi dufite pH dupima ubwinshi bwa iyoni ya hydrogen mu bintu byapimwe, hanyuma tukabihinduramo ibimenyetso bifatika bishobora gukoreshwa.
Iyoni za H+ ziri mu gisubizo zikorana na electrode ya sensor kugira ngo zikore ikimenyetso cya voltage, kandi ingano ya voltage ingana n'ingano ya H+. Mu gupima ikimenyetso cya voltage, agaciro ka pH gahuye n'iki gisubizo karashobora kuboneka.
Utwuma twihariye twa pH twagenewe gukoreshwa mu buryo bwa hydroponic turaboneka ku isoko, nk'utwuma twigenga twa pH twa hydroponic dushyigikira protocole zisanzwe z'itumanaho, dufite ingano y'ibipimo kuva kuri 0-14.00 pH n'ubuziranenge kugeza kuri 0.01 pH, bigatuma habaho igenzura n'igenzura ryimbitse.
Ibikoresho byo Gupima Ogisijeni Bishongeshejwe
Ogisijeni yashongeshejwe ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo imizi y’ibihingwa bikoresha hydroponic ikure neza. Amazi adahumanyijwe n’ibintu bikoresha ogisijeni agumana ogisijeni yashongeshejwe ku rugero rw’amazi yuzuye.
Utwuma tw’umwuka wa ogisijeni twashongeshejwe dupima ingano ya ogisijeni yashongeshejwe mu mazi.
Molekile za ogisijeni zivuye mu gisubizo cyapimwe zinjira mu ruhu rw’icyuma gipima hanyuma zigahura n’ingaruka zo kugabanya cyangwa gukabya kuri cathode y’imbere na anode, icyarimwe zigatanga ibimenyetso by’amashanyarazi. Ubunini bw’amashanyarazi bungana n’ubwinshi bwa ogisijeni yashongeshejwe.
Utwuma tw’umwuga two gupima umwuka wa ogisijeni dukozwe mu buryo bunyuranye turaboneka mu buryo butandukanye: tumwe dushobora kwihanganira ibidukikije bikomeye ariko tugatanga ubunyangamugayo bwiza; tumwe tworoheye igihe cyo gusubiza, tubereye isuzuma ry’ahantu runaka no gukoresha mu gusesengura.
Ibikoresho byo Gupima Ion
Ibikoresho byo kugenzura imiterere y’intungamubiri bya iyoni ni ingenzi cyane mu kugenzura imiterere y’intungamubiri. Ingano ya iyoni runaka nka nitrate, ammonium na chloride igira ingaruka ku mikurire y’ibihingwa.
Urugero, ibikoresho byihariye byo gupima ingano ya amoniya bishobora gupima ingano ya amoniya mu mazi karemano, mu mazi yo hejuru, mu mazi yo munsi y'ubutaka, no mu bikorwa bitandukanye by'ubuhinzi.
Ipatanti y’imashini ipima ion mu gisubizo cya hydroponic yavuye muri kaminuza y’ubuhinzi ihuza electrodes za ion, sensors z’ubushyuhe, na sensors za pH, bituma umuntu yumva vuba impinduka z’ingano ya ion, ihindagurika ry’ubushyuhe, n’impinduka za pH mu bisubizo bya hydroponic.
Ibikoresho byo kugenzura imikorere y'amashanyarazi (EC)
Uburyo amashanyarazi atwaramo ibintu ni ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi gipima ingano ya iyoni yose mu gikoresho cy'intungamubiri, kigaragaza neza urwego rw'uburumbuke bw'igikoresho cy'intungamubiri.
Utwuma twohereza amazi twikora hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga (Electronic EC transmitters) twagenewe kuhira mu buhinzi no mu buhinzi butanga ubunini buri hagati ya 0-4000 µS/cm, dushyigikira uburyo busanzwe bwo gusohora amazi, dushobora guhuza na pompe/valves zipima amazi no kugenzura uburyo pompe/valves zikoresha.
Ibikoresho byo Gupima Ubushyuhe n'Ubushyuhe
Ubushyuhe bugira ingaruka ku mikurire y'imizi y'ibihingwa n'imikorere yabyo mu mubiri, mu gihe ubushyuhe bugaragaza ingano y'uduce duto tw'ibinyabutabire mu gikoresho cy'intungamubiri.
Mu mishinga y’ibigega bya hydroponic bya smart greenhouse, abakora umushinga bashobora gukoresha modules za digitale zipima ubushyuhe n’ubushuhe neza cyane, zifite ubushyuhe busanzwe bwa ± 0.3℃ n’uburemere bwa 0.01℃.
Ibikoresho byihariye byo kugenzura imiterere y’ibinyabutabire bishobora gukoreshwa hamwe n’ibikoresho bifite ibipimo byinshi kugira ngo bigenzure urwego rw’imiterere y’ibinyabutabire.
03 Porogaramu zihujwe muri sisitemu z'ubwenge
Amakuru aturuka ku byuma bipima ikirere ku giti cyabyo akenshi aba adahagije kugira ngo agaragaze neza ibidukikije byose bya hydroponic, bigatuma guhuza kwa sensor nyinshi kuba ikintu gikomeje kwiyongera muri sisitemu za hydroponic zigezweho.
Imashini zipima ibintu byinshi zifite imiterere ihendutse zishobora guhuzwa byoroshye na sisitemu zo kugenzura na sisitemu za telemetri, zikwiriye gukoreshwa igihe kirekire.
Amatsinda y’ubushakashatsi yashyizeho uburyo bwo kugenzura amazi bushingiye kuri IoT ku bijyanye n’amazi akoreshwa mu buryo bwa hydroponics bukoresha uburyo bwa telefoni zigendanwa bwo kugenzura mu buryo bwihuse ibipimo by’ibidukikije bya hydroponics, hamwe n’uburyo bwo kugenzura bukoresheje ubwenge kugira ngo hakosorwe ibipimo by’ubuziranenge bw’amazi akoreshwa mu mirire hashingiwe ku bunararibonye mu mikorere n’ibikenewe mu buhinzi.
Ibisubizo by'ibizamini bigaragaza ko iyo ubwo buryo bugenzura ibisubizo by'intungamubiri, ibipimo by'ingenzi nka pH n'imikorere y'amashanyarazi bishobora kugumana agaciro gahamye kagenwe mu gihe gikwiye.
04 Imbogamizi za tekiniki n'Icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza
Nubwo ikoranabuhanga rya "hydroponic sensor" ryateye imbere cyane, haracyari imbogamizi nyinshi. Gutuza igihe kirekire, ubushobozi bwo kurwanya umwanda, hamwe n'inshuro zo gupima "calibration" za "sensors" ni ibibazo bikomeye mu mikoreshereze ifatika.
By’umwihariko, electrode zitoranya ion zishobora kwangizwa n’izindi ion kandi zikenera gupimwa buri gihe.
Ibyuma bipima amashanyarazi mu gihe kizaza bizatera imbere mu buryo butandukanye, ubwenge, no kugabanya ikiguzi.
Sisitemu zigezweho zo gupima ubushyuhe zituma habaho gupima ibipimo bitandukanye mu buryo bwo hejuru, harimo chlorophyll, pigment, fluorescence, turbidity, n'ibindi.
Hagati aho, hamwe n’iterambere ry’imishinga ifunguye, inzitizi zo kwinjira muri sisitemu zigezweho zo gukoresha amazi zirimo kugabanuka, bigatuma abantu benshi bagira uruhare muri iyi mpinduka mu buhinzi.
Muri iki gihe, abaturage benshi bo mu mijyi batangiye kugerageza gukoresha hydroponics mu ngo zabo. Ku mabaraza yo guturamo mu mijyi itandukanye, icyatsi kibisi gikura cyane mu bigega by’amazi bigezweho bishingiye ku mbuga zizwi cyane zo kugenzura imiyoboro mito.
“Ibikoresho by’ubuziranenge bw’amazi ni byo by’ingenzi mu buryo bwa hydroponic—bimeze nk’ 'utubuto tw’uburyohe' tw’ibimera, bitubwira intungamubiri zikeneye guhindurwa,” uko ni ko byasobanuwe n’umukunzi umwe.
Iterambere rihoraho mu ikoranabuhanga ry’ibipimo by’amashanyarazi riri guhindura ubuhinzi bunoze buva ku buryo bwiza bujya mu kuri.
Dushobora kandi gutanga ibisubizo bitandukanye kuri
1. Igipimo gifata mu ntoki cy'ubwiza bw'amazi gifite ibipimo byinshi
2. Sisitemu yo gukamura amazi mu mazi ikoresha imiterere myinshi
3. Uburoso bwo gusukura bwikora ku buryo bwikora ku buryo bworoshye bw'amazi bukoresha parameter nyinshi
4. Seti yuzuye ya seriveri na porogaramu ya module idafite umugozi, ishyigikira RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-07-2025