Mu gihe icyifuzo cy’ingufu zishobora kongera kwiyongera ku isi, guverinoma y’u Burusiya yatangaje gahunda y’ingenzi yo gushyiraho umuyoboro w’ikoranabuhanga upima imirasire y’izuba mu gihugu hose kugira ngo hasuzumwe neza umutungo kamere w’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba kandi hatezwe imbere iterambere ry’ingufu zishobora kongera kwiyongera. Iyi gahunda ntigaragaza gusa iterambere rikomeye mu bijyanye n’ingufu zishobora kongera kwiyongera mu Burusiya, ahubwo inagaragaza ubwitange bukomeye bw’igihugu mu kurengera ibidukikije no guteza imbere iterambere rirambye.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, imihindagurikire y'ikirere ku isi n'impinduka mu ngufu byabaye ikintu cy'ingenzi mu bihugu byose. Nubwo Uburusiya bufite umutungo mwinshi wa peteroli, guverinoma nayo izi akamaro ko guteza imbere amasoko y'ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa. Nk'ingufu zisukuye kandi zishobora kongera gukoreshwa, ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba zifite ubushobozi bwinshi bwo gutera imbere. Kugira ngo ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba zikoreshwe neza, guverinoma y'Uburusiya yahisemo gushyiraho umuyoboro w'ibikoresho bipima imirasire y'izuba mu gihugu hose kugira ngo haboneke amakuru nyayo y'izuba no gushyigikira igenamigambi n'ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'imishinga y'izuba.
Imashini ipima ubukana bw'imirasire y'izuba ni igikoresho gishobora gupima ubukana bw'imirasire y'izuba. Izi mashini zishobora kugenzura ubukana, inguni n'igihe imirasire y'izuba imara mu gihe nyacyo no kohereza amakuru mu bubiko bw'amakuru n'ikigo cy'isesengura. Binyuze muri izi mashini, za leta n'ibigo by'ubushakashatsi bashobora kubona amakarita arambuye yerekana uko ingufu z'izuba zikwirakwira no gusobanukirwa uburyo ingufu z'izuba ziboneka n'uburyo zihinduka mu turere dutandukanye.
Minisitiri wungirije w’ingufu w’Uburusiya, Sergei Sokolov, yagize ati: “Ibikoresho by’imirasire y’izuba biduha uburyo bwa siyansi bwo gusuzuma no gukoresha umutungo kamere w’ingufu z’izuba. Dukoresheje ibi bikoresho, dushobora gusobanukirwa neza ubushobozi bw’ingufu z’izuba za buri karere, kugira ngo dushobore gushyiraho ingamba zinoze zo guteza imbere ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa.”
Guverinoma y'Uburusiya irateganya gushyiraho utwuma turenga 5.000 tw’imirasire y’izuba mu gihugu hose mu myaka ibiri iri imbere. Utwo tumashini tuzashyirwa mu nganda zitanga amashanyarazi zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba, mu bigo bitanga amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba, mu mijyi, mu turere tw’ubuhinzi, no mu tundi duce tw’ingenzi. Gahunda zihariye zo gushyira mu bikorwa zirimo:
1. Uruganda rutanga ingufu z'izuba:
Imashini zipima imirasire y'izuba zifite ubuhanga buhanitse zishyirwa mu nganda zose zitanga amashanyarazi kugira ngo zikore neza cyane.
2. Ibigo by'iteganyagihe n'ibigo by'ubushakashatsi:
Shyiraho ibyuma bipima ikirere ku bigo bikomeye by’ubushakashatsi ku ngufu zisubiramo kugira ngo bikusanyirize kandi bisesengure amakuru ajyanye n’izuba kugira ngo bishyigikire ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi n’iterambere rya politiki.
3. Uturere tw'imijyi n'ubuhinzi:
Shyiraho ibyuma bipima ingufu z'izuba mu mijyi no mu turere tw'ubuhinzi kugira ngo harebwe niba bishoboka gukoresha ingufu z'izuba mu mijyi ndetse n'imishinga ya PV mu buhinzi.
4. Uduce twa kure n'imipaka:
Shyiraho ibyuma bipima imirasire y'izuba mu turere twa kure no ku mipaka kugira ngo bipime umutungo kamere w'izuba muri utwo turere kandi bishyigikire ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'imishinga y'izuba idakoresha amashanyarazi.
Kugira ngo habeho imikorere myiza y’ibikoresho bipima imirasire y’izuba, guverinoma y’u Burusiya yashyizeho ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gupima imirasire y’izuba n’uburyo bwo gusesengura amakuru ku bufatanye n’ibigo byinshi mpuzamahanga by’ikoranabuhanga. Ibi bikoresho ntibishobora gusa kugenzura ubukana bw’imirasire y’izuba mu gihe nyacyo, ahubwo binashobora guhanura impinduka zizagaragara mu miterere y’umutungo w’izuba mu gihe kizaza binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga ry’ubuhanga bw’ubukorano n’ikoranabuhanga ryo gusesengura amakuru manini, no gutanga ubufasha mu gufata ibyemezo.
Byongeye kandi, Uburusiya burimo kandi gufatanya n'ibihugu by'abaturanyi n'imiryango mpuzamahanga mu gusangira amakuru ajyanye n'izuba no gushyiraho uburyo bw'ubufatanye mu ngufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa mu bihugu bitandukanye. Sergei Sokolov yagize ati: “Ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ni umutungo mpuzamahanga usaba imbaraga zihuriweho n'ibihugu byose. Twizeye guteza imbere iterambere n'ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga rikoresha ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba binyuze mu bufatanye mpuzamahanga.”
Guverinoma y'Uburusiya iha agaciro gakomeye ishyirwaho ry'ibikoresho bikora imirasire y'izuba kandi igatanga inkunga ihagije n'inkunga ya tekiniki. Guverinoma kandi irateganya gutangiza ubukangurambaga bwo kwigisha abaturage kugira ngo bongere ubumenyi ku baturage no kwemera ingufu z'izuba.
Mu gace kamwe ka Moscou, abaturage bishimiye iki gikorwa cya guverinoma. Umuturage Anna Petrova yagize ati: “Dushyigikiye cyane imishinga y’izuba. Ibyuma bikora imirasire y’izuba byadufashije kumenya byinshi ku ngufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba no kubona ahazaza h’ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa.”
Nubwo kubaka umuyoboro w’ibikoresho by’imirasire y’izuba bizana inyungu nyinshi, binahura n’imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa. Urugero, kubungabunga no gupima ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi bisaba abatekinisiye b’inzobere, kandi umutekano n’ibanga ry’amakuru nabyo bigomba kwemezwa. Byongeye kandi, uburyo bwo gukoresha neza amakuru y’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi mu guteza imbere ishyirwa mu bikorwa n’iterambere ry’imishinga y’ingufu z’izuba nabyo ni ingingo y’ingenzi.
Ariko, bitewe n’iterambere rikomeje mu ikoranabuhanga no kunoza imicungire buhoro buhoro, umuyoboro w’ibikoresho by’imirasire y’izuba ufite amahirwe menshi yo gukoreshwa mu Burusiya. Mu gihe kizaza, Uburusiya burateganya guhuza umuyoboro w’ibikoresho by’imirasire y’izuba n’ubundi buryo bwa tekiniki nko guhanura ikirere no gukurikirana ibyogajuru kugira ngo hongerwe urwego rw’ubwenge mu isuzuma ry’umutungo kamere w’izuba.
Gushyiramo ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba na guverinoma y’u Burusiya bigaragaza intambwe ikomeye mu rwego rw’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba mu gihugu. Binyuze muri iri koranabuhanga, u Burusiya buzashobora gusuzuma no gukoresha umutungo kamere w’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba mu buryo bwa siyansi, guteza imbere iterambere ry’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba, no gutanga umusanzu mu kurengera ibidukikije ku isi no guteza imbere iterambere rirambye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-09-2025