Ibikenewe mu kugenzura amazi muri Filipine n'ibyiza by'ikoranabuhanga rya Radar
Nk’igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y’uburasirazuba bwa Aziya kigizwe n’ibirwa birenga 7.000, Filipine ifite ubutaka bugoye bufite imigezi myinshi kandi ihura n’ibibazo bihoraho by’inkubi z’umuyaga n’imvura itera imyuzure. Nk’uko imibare ya Banki y’Isi ibigaragaza, igihombo cy’ubukungu cya buri mwaka giterwa n’imyuzure muri Filipine kigera kuri miliyoni amagana z’amadolari y’Amerika, bigatuma kugenzura neza urugero rw’amazi ari igice cy’ingenzi cya gahunda y’igihugu yo gukumira no gukumira ibiza.
Ikoranabuhanga rya sensor ku rwego rwa radar, hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo gupima ibintu bidahuye n'aho biherereye, ryabaye igisubizo cyiza ku bibazo byo kugenzura amazi muri Filipine. Hashingiwe ku mahame yo gupima umuraba wa electromagnetic, iri koranabuhanga ritanga ibyiza bitatu by'ingenzi: 1) gupima neza cyane ku rwego rwa milimetero; 2) kwihutisha ibidukikije bikwiranye n'ikirere gishyuha cya Filipine cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubushuhe; na 3) ibikenewe bike mu kubungabunga, bigabanya cyane ubwinshi bw'ibikoresho mu turere twa kure.
Mu buryo bwa tekiniki, sensor zo mu rwego rwa radar zikoreshwa muri Filipine zikora cyane cyane mu byiciro bibiri bya frequencies: K-band (24GHz) na 80GHz ifite frequencies nyinshi. Radar ya K-band itanga inyungu ku giciro gikwiye gukoreshwa mu buryo bunini, mu gihe radar ya 80GHz ikora neza cyane mu bidukikije bigoye.
Porogaramu zo kugenzura urwego rwa Radar muri sisitemu zo kuburira abantu ku myuzure
Ikigo cy’igihugu cya Filipine gishinzwe kuburira abantu ku myuzure gikoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura urwego rwa radar nk'ibice by'ingenzi bya tekiniki. Mu mushinga ukomeye wo mu 2019, guverinoma ya Filipine yashyizeho uburyo bwo kugenzura urwego rw'amazi bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga ryo kohereza radiyo mu bibaya 18 binini by'imigezi. Ubu buryo bugaragaza ibyiza bikomeye mu misozi no mu bihe by'inkubi z'umuyaga: kwinjira cyane kw'imirasire ya radiyo bidahungabanyijwe n'ibyangiritse by'ibikorwa remezo by'itumanaho; gukoresha ingufu nke cyane bituma imikorere y'igihe kirekire ikoreshwa n'ingufu z'izuba gusa. Amakuru y'imikorere agaragaza ko uburyo bugera ku kigero cya 99.7% by'uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru mu buryo burambye.
Indi nzira nziza ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya radar ya K-band planar rishobora gupima icyarimwe urwego rw'amazi, umuvuduko w'amazi atemba ku buso, no kubara isohoka ry'amazi. Ubu bushobozi bwo kugenzura ibintu byinshi bugira akamaro cyane mu gutanga uburinzi ku myuzure. Utumashini twa radar dufite uburebure bunini bwa metero 30-70 hamwe n'uburyo bwo gupima neza urwego rwa milimetero, kandi gupima bidahuye n'amazi birinda ibibazo by'uko utumashini dusanzwe twangirika cyangwa twaziba bitewe n'amazi y'umwuzure.
Isuzuma ry’Inama y’Igihugu ishinzwe Kugabanya no Gucunga Ibiza ryagaragaje ko nyuma yo gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwo kugenzura urwego rw’ibiza, igihe cyo gutanga amakuru ku myuzure cyazamutse kiva ku masaha 2 kigera kuri 6, aho imikorere yo guhunga no kurinda imitungo byiyongeraho 35% na 28%.
Gukurikirana urwego rwa Radar mu bijyanye no gutunganya imiyoboro y'amazi n'amazi yanduye mu mijyi
Muri sisitemu yo kugenzura imiyoboro y'amazi mu mijyi ya Metro Manila, ibipimo bya radar bya 80GHz FMCW bigaragaza imikorere myiza cyane. Byagenewe ibidukikije bigoye mu mijyi, ibi bikoresho bifite: imiterere mito ikwiriye gushyirwa mu miyoboro mito y'amazi n'amariba yo kugenzura; amanota menshi yo kurinda imikorere mu gihe cy'imvura nyinshi n'imyuzure; hamwe na modules zitagira umugozi zituma ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa kure rikorwa. Amakuru y'aho ibintu biherereye agaragaza imikorere myiza yo kwinjira mu miyoboro isanzwe y'amazi mu mijyi nk'umwuka w'amazi, ifuro, n'ibintu bikomeye bihagaze, bikomeza gupima neza muri ±3mm.
Mu bikorwa byo gutunganya amazi yanduye, ibikoresho byo gupima urwego rwa radar bya FMCW bikoresha ikoranabuhanga rihanitse mu kugenzura ikigega cy’amazi. Igishushanyo mbonera cy’imirasire y’amazi gigabanya neza uburyo ibimenyetso bikwirakwira mu bintu bikomeye bihagaze; inguni nto cyane z’imirasire zirinda ibimenyetso bitari byo ku nkuta z’ikigega; kandi ibipimo bisanzwe bisohoka bihuza neza n’imashini zikuraho amazi kugira ngo bigenzurwe mu buryo bwikora. Amakuru y’imikorere agaragaza ko ibikoresho byo gupima urwego rwa radar byongera imikorere myiza yo gutunganya amazi ku kigero cya 20% mu gihe bitanga amafaranga menshi yo kuzigama ku mwaka mu bijyanye n’ikoreshwa ry’abakozi mu kubungabunga.
Inyigo z'ingero z'ibipimo by'urwego rwa radar y'inganda
Mu bigo bibika peteroli, ibikoresho bipima urwego rwa radar biyobora bitanga ibisubizo by'ingenzi byo kugenzura amazi yangiza. Bifite antene zigaragara mu miyoboro migufi kugira ngo hirindwe ko urukuta rw'ibigega rushobora kubangamira uburyo ibipimo bipimirwa, ibi bikoresho bipima neza uburyo bwo gupima. Imiterere yabyo mu buryo butekanye ihuye n'amahame mpuzamahanga adashobora guturika, hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga ryo kwisuzuma rigenzura buri gihe uko ibikoresho bihagaze kugira ngo byongere umutekano mu mikorere. Raporo zigaragaza ko ibikoresho bipima urwego rwa radar bigabanya cyane impaka zo gupima kandi bikagira inyungu nyinshi mu bukungu binyuze mu gucunga neza ububiko.
Mu nganda zikora imiti, ibipimo bya FMCW byo mu rwego rwa radar bifite frequency yo hejuru bikemura neza ibibazo byo gupima ibintu bihumanya cyane kandi bihindagurika. Byubakishijwe ibikoresho birwanya ingese, ibimenyetso byabyo bitanga frequency yo hejuru bitanga kwinjira cyane bitagizweho ingaruka n'imyuka ihumanya, mu gihe ubushobozi bwabyo bwo hejuru cyane bufata impinduka ntoya ku rwego rw'ibipimo. Amakuru ajyanye n'ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ibimera agaragaza ko ibipimo bya radar byongera cyane uburyo bwo kugenzura urwego rw'ibigega kandi bigakuraho ihagarikwa ry'umusaruro riterwa n'amakosa yo gupima.
Ikoreshwa ryo kugenzura urwego rw'amazi mu kuhira mu buhinzi no mu ngufu z'amazi
Mu buryo bukomeye bwo kuhira bwa North Luzon, ibipimo by'amazi bidakora kuri radar bigenzura aho amazi y'ingenzi ari mu miyoboro minini. Bikoresheje umurongo wa K-band hamwe n'inguni nto z'imirasire kugira ngo hirindwe ko amazi agaragara mu mazi, uburinzi bwa IP68 ku bidukikije byo hanze bikomeye, n'ingufu z'izuba mu turere twa kure, ikigo gishinzwe kuhira gitangaza ko amazi akwirakwizwa neza ku kigero cya 95% n'umusaruro w'umuceri wiyongeraho 15%.
Ku buryo bwo kohereza amazi mu kigega cy’uruganda runini rw’amashanyarazi, ibipimo by’amazi bya radar bya 80GHz bigenzura urwego rw’amazi ku ruzitiro rw’ingomero z’amazi bifite intera ya metero 40 n’ubuziranenge bwa ± 2mm, bikohereza amakuru mu buryo nyabwo binyuze mu bimenyetso bya 4-20mA ku buryo bwo kugenzura uruganda. Inyandiko z’imikorere zigaragaza ko ibipimo bya radar bifasha kunoza imikorere y’amashanyarazi ho 8% mu gihe bigamije umutekano w’imyuzure iri hasi.
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