Intangiriro: Iyo Izuba Rihindutse "Ihindagurika"
Ishingiro ry'ingufu zikomoka kuri photovoltaic ni uguhindura ingufu z'imirasire y'izuba mo ingufu z'amashanyarazi, kandi ingufu zitangwa nazo zigirwaho ingaruka mu buryo butaziguye mu gihe nyacyo n'ibipimo byinshi by'ikirere nko kurabagirana kw'izuba, ubushyuhe bw'ikirere, umuvuduko w'umuyaga n'icyerekezo, ubushuhe bw'ikirere n'imvura. Ibi bipimo ntibikiri imibare iri muri raporo z'ikirere gusa, ahubwo ni "ibintu by'ingenzi mu musaruro" bigira ingaruka ku mikorere myiza y'ibigo by'amashanyarazi, umutekano w'ibikoresho n'inyungu z'ishoramari. Bityo, sitasiyo y'ikirere yikora (AWS) yahindutse kuva ku gikoresho cy'ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi ihinduka "umutsi w'ingufu z'izuba" n' "inkingi y'ifatizo yo gufata ibyemezo" ku bigo by'amashanyarazi bigezweho bya photovoltaic.
I. Isano iri hagati y'ibipimo by'igenzura ry'ibanze n'imikorere myiza ya sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi
Sitasiyo yagenewe iteganyagihe yikora ku bigo by'amashanyarazi bya photovoltaic yashyizeho uburyo bwo kugenzura bwihariye, kandi buri makuru yose afitanye isano rikomeye n'imikorere y'ikigo cy'amashanyarazi:
Gukurikirana imirasire y'izuba ("gupima aho ituruka" kugira ngo hakoreshwe amashanyarazi)
Imirasire yose (GHI): Igena mu buryo butaziguye ingufu rusange zakirwa na modules za photovoltaic kandi niyo y'ingenzi cyane mu guhanura amashanyarazi.
Imirasire itaziguye (DNI) n'imirasire itatanye (DHI): Ku miyoboro ya photovoltaic ikoresha uduce dukurikirana cyangwa modules zihariye za bifacial, aya makuru ni ingenzi cyane mu kunoza ingamba zo gukurikirana no gusuzuma neza inyungu y'ingufu zikomoka inyuma y'ingufu.
Agaciro k'ikoreshwa: Itanga amakuru y'ibipimo ntarengwa yo gupima imikorere y'amashanyarazi (kubara agaciro ka PR), iteganyagihe ry'ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi mu gihe gito, n'isuzuma ry'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu za sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi.
2. Ubushyuhe bw'ikirere n'ubushyuhe bw'ibice by'inyuma (“igipimo cy'ubushyuhe” cy'imikorere)
Ubushyuhe bw'ikirere: Bugira ingaruka ku miterere y'ikirere n'ibisabwa mu gukonjesha by'ikigo cy'amashanyarazi.
Ubushyuhe bw'inyuma bwa module: Ingufu zo gusohora za module za photovoltaic zigabanuka uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera (ubusanzwe -0.3% kugeza -0.5% / ℃). Gukurikirana ubushyuhe bw'inyuma mu buryo nyabwo bishobora gukosora neza ingufu ziteganijwe no kumenya ubushyuhe budasanzwe bw'ibice cyangwa ibyago bishobora guterwa n'ahantu hashyuha.
3. Umuvuduko w'umuyaga n'icyerekezo (“Inkota ifite ubugi bubiri” y'umutekano n'ubukonje
Umutekano mu nyubako: Imiyaga ikomeye ihita ihuha (nk'irenga metero 25/s) ni yo igerageza rikomeye ku miterere y'imizigo y'ibikoresho n'ibikoresho bishyigikira umuyaga. Ibisobanuro by'umuvuduko w'umuyaga mu gihe nyacyo bishobora gutera umutekano, kandi iyo bibaye ngombwa, bigakoresha uburyo bwo kurinda umuyaga bwa single-axis tracker (nk'aho inkubi y'umuyaga iherereye).
Gukonjesha bisanzwe: Umuvuduko ukwiye w'umuyaga ufasha kugabanya ubushyuhe bw'imikorere y'ibice, bikongera uburyo butaziguye imikorere myiza y'amashanyarazi. Amakuru akoreshwa mu gusesengura ingaruka zo gukonjesha umwuka no kunoza imiterere n'intera y'aho ibintu biherereye.
4. Ubushuhe n'imvura (“ibimenyetso by'uburinzi” ku mikorere no kubungabunga n'ikosa)
Ubushuhe bwinshi: Bushobora gutera ingaruka za PID (Potential-induced Attenuation), bwihutisha ingese y'ibikoresho, kandi bukagira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ubushyuhe.
Imvura: Amakuru y’imvura ashobora gukoreshwa mu guhuza no gusesengura ingaruka z’isuku karemano y’ibice (ubwiyongere bw’amashanyarazi bw’igihe gito), no kuyobora igenamigambi ry’ingendo nziza yo gusukura. Imiburo y’imvura nyinshi ifitanye isano itaziguye n’uburyo bwo kurwanya imyuzure n’imiyoboro y’amazi.
5. Umuvuduko w'ikirere n'ibindi bipimo (“ibintu by'inyongera” binonosoye)
Ikoreshwa mu gukosora amakuru y’imirasire y’ubuhanga no gusesengura ku rwego rw’ubushakashatsi.
Ii. Imiterere y'ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga rishingiye ku makuru
Amakuru aturuka kuri sitasiyo y’iteganyagihe yikora, binyuze mu muyoboro w’itumanaho n’ikusanya makuru, yinjira muri sisitemu yo gukurikirana no kubona amakuru (SCADA) na sisitemu yo guhanura ingufu z’amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic, bigatuma habaho porogaramu nyinshi z’ubwenge:
1. Guhanura neza ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi n'ikoreshwa ry'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi
Iteganyagihe ry'igihe gito (isaha/umunsi ushize): Hamwe n'imirasire y'igihe nyacyo, ikarita z'ibicu n'iteganyagihe ry'ikirere ry'imibare (NWP), ni byo shingiro ry'amashami ashinzwe kohereza amashanyarazi kugira ngo ahuze ihindagurika ry'ingufu za photovoltaic no kwemeza ko amashanyarazi ahamye. Ubunyangamugayo bw'iteganyagihe bufitanye isano itaziguye n'amafaranga yinjira mu isuzuma ry'ikigo cy'amashanyarazi n'ingamba z'ubucuruzi bw'isoko.
Guhanura mu gihe gito cyane (mu minota): Bishingiye ahanini ku igenzura ry’impinduka zitunguranye mu mirasire y’izuba mu gihe nyacyo (nk’uko binyura mu bicu), bikoreshwa mu gusubiza vuba AGC (Automatic Generation Control) mu bigo by’amashanyarazi no gutanga ingufu mu buryo bworoshye.
2. Gusuzuma byimbitse imikorere y'ikigo cy'amashanyarazi n'imikorere yacyo no kunoza imicungire yacyo
Isesengura ry'umusaruro (PR): Hashingiwe ku makuru yapimwe ku mirasire n'ubushyuhe bw'ibice, banza ubare ingufu zitangwa mu buryo bw'imitekerereze hanyuma uzigereranye n'ingufu nyazo zitangwa. Kugabanuka kw'agaciro ka PR mu gihe kirekire bishobora kugaragaza ko ibice byangiritse, ibizinga, imbogamizi cyangwa amakosa y'amashanyarazi.
Ingamba zo gusukura zishingiye ku bwenge: Gusesengura neza imvura, ivumbi ryiyongera (rishobora gufatwa mu buryo butaziguye binyuze mu kugabanya imirasire y'izuba), umuvuduko w'umuyaga (ivumbi), n'ikiguzi cyo gutakaza ingufu z'amashanyarazi, gahunda yo gusukura ibice by'amashanyarazi ikorwa mu buryo bunoze.
Umuburo ku buzima bw'ibikoresho: Mu kugereranya itandukaniro mu gutanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu bice bitandukanye by'ingufu mu gihe cy'ikirere kimwe, amakosa mu dusanduku two guhuza, inverters cyangwa urwego rw'imigozi ashobora kuboneka vuba.
3. Umutekano w'Umutungo n'Imicungire y'Ibibazo
Uburinzi bw'ikirere gikabije: Shyiraho imipaka y'umuyaga mwinshi, imvura nyinshi, urubura rwinshi, ubushyuhe bwinshi, nibindi, kugira ngo ubone amakuru yikora kandi uyobore abakozi bakora n'abashinzwe kubungabunga kugira ngo bafate ingamba zo kwirinda nko gukaza, gukomeza, gukurura amazi cyangwa guhindura uburyo bwo gukora mbere y'igihe.
Isuzuma ry'Ubwishingizi n'Umutungo: Gutanga amakuru y'iteganyagihe afatika kandi ahoraho kugira ngo habeho ibimenyetso byizewe by'umuntu wa gatatu byo gusuzuma ibyangijwe n'ibiza, ibirego by'ubwishingizi, n'ibikorwa by'umutungo wa sitasiyo z'amashanyarazi.
Iii. Guhuza sisitemu n'Ibikorwa by'Ikoranabuhanga
Ibikoresho bigezweho byo gupima ikirere birimo gutera imbere bigamije guhuza neza, kwizerwa no kuba abahanga.
Igishushanyo mbonera gihujwe: Imashini ipima imirasire, igipimo cy'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe, anemometero, ikusanya amakuru n'amashanyarazi (ingufu z'izuba + bateri) bihujwe muri sisitemu ihamye kandi irwanya ingese, bigatuma ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryihuse kandi ritabungabungwa.
2. Ubuhanga bwo hejuru n'ubwizerwe buhanitse: Icyiciro cya sensor kirimo kwegera urugero rwo ku rwego rwa kabiri cyangwa urwa mbere, gifite imikorere yo kwisuzuma no kwisuzuma kugira ngo amakuru abe ahamye kandi ahamye mu gihe kirekire.
3. Guhuza ikoranabuhanga rya edge computing na AI: Gukora isuzuma ry’ibanze ry’amakuru no gusuzuma ibitagenda neza ku mpera ya sitasiyo kugira ngo bigabanye umutwaro wo kohereza amakuru. Mu guhuza ikoranabuhanga ryo kumenya amashusho ya AI no gukoresha ishusho y’ikirere cyose kugira ngo bifashe mu kumenya ubwoko bw’ibicu n’ingano y’ibicu, ukuri kw’ibihanurwa by’igihe gito cyane birushaho kwiyongera.
4. Sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi y'imyenda ibiri ya digitale na sitasiyo ya Virtual: Amakuru ya sitasiyo y'ikirere, nk'uburyo nyabwo bwo kwinjiza mu isi ifatika, atuma sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi y'imyenda ibiri ya digitale ikora simulation yo gutanga amashanyarazi, guhanura amakosa, no kunoza ingamba zo kuyakoresha no kuyabungabunga mu mwanya wa virtual.
Iv. Imiterere y'Ikoreshwa n'Isuzuma ry'Agaciro
Sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi ya 100MW iherereye mu gace k'imisozi miremire, nyuma yo gushyiraho umuyoboro w'igenzura ry'ikirere ugizwe na sitasiyo esheshatu, yageze kuri ibi bikurikira:
Ubunyangamugayo bw'iteganyagihe ry'amashanyarazi mu gihe gito bwazamutseho hafi 5%, bigabanya cyane amande yo gupima amashanyarazi.
Binyuze mu isuku y’ubwenge hashingiwe ku makuru y’ikirere, ikiguzi cyo gusukura buri mwaka kigabanukaho 15%, mu gihe igihombo cyo gutanga amashanyarazi giterwa n’ibizinga kigabanukaho ibirenze 2%.
Mu gihe cy’ikirere gikomeye cyane, uburyo bwo gufunga umuyaga bwatangiye gukoreshwa amasaha abiri mbere y’igihe hashingiwe ku muburo w’umuyaga ukomeye, ibyo bikaba byarabujije kwangirika kw’inkunga. Bivugwa ko igihombo cyagabanutseho miliyoni nyinshi z’amayuan.
Umwanzuro: Kuva ku "Kwishingikiriza kuri Kamere kugira ngo ubone ubuzima" kugeza ku "Gukora ibihuje na Kamere"
Gukoresha sitasiyo z’iteganyagihe zikora ku buryo bwikora bigaragaza impinduka mu mikorere y’ingufu z’amashanyarazi zikomoka ku bunararibonye n’imicungire yagutse, zigahinduka mu gihe gishya cy’imicungire ya siyansi, inoze kandi y’ubwenge ishingiye ku makuru. Bituma sitasiyo z’ingufu z’amashanyarazi zikoresha uburyo bwikora ku buryo bwikora ku buryo bwikora ku buryo bwikora ku makuru. Bituma sitasiyo z’ingufu z’amashanyarazi zikoresha uburyo bwikora ku buryo bwikora ku buryo bwikora ku buryo bwiyongera, bityo bikongera agaciro k’imirasire y’izuba kandi bikongera inyungu zituruka ku ngufu n’umutekano w’umutungo mu gihe cyose cy’ubuzima. Uko ingufu z’amashanyarazi zikoresha uburyo bwikora ku buryo bwikora zizaba imbaraga nyamukuru mu mpinduka z’ingufu ku isi, aho sitasiyo y’iteganyagihe ikora ku buryo bwikora, ikaba ari “ijisho ryayo ry’ubwenge”, izakomeza kugaragara cyane.
Kugira ngo ubone amakuru arambuye kuri sitasiyo y'iteganyagihe,
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