Imikoreshereze ifatika n'ingaruka z'ibipimo by'imvura mu bihugu bifite ibihe by'imvura ya plum

Ibiranga ibikenewe mu gukurikirana igihe cy'imvura ya plum n'imvura

Imvura y'ibinyomoro (Meiyu) ni imvura idasanzwe yabayeho mu gihe cy'imvura y'impeshyi yo mu Burasirazuba bwa Aziya, cyane cyane ikagira ingaruka ku ruzi rwa Yangtze mu Bushinwa, ku kirwa cya Honshu mu Buyapani, na Koreya y'Epfo. Dukurikije ibipimo ngenderwaho by'igihugu by'Ubushinwa "Meiyu Monitoring Indicators" (GB/T 33671-2017), uturere tw'imvura y'ibinyomoro mu Bushinwa dushobora kugabanywamo uduce dutatu: Jiangnan (I), Yangtze yo Hagati-Yo hepfo (II), na Jianghuai (III), buri gace gafite amatariki atandukanye yo gutangira—agace ka Jiangnan gakunze kwinjira mu gihembwe cya Meiyu bwa mbere ku ya 9 Kamena, gakurikirwa na Yangtze yo Hagati-Yo hepfo ku ya 14 Kamena, na Jianghuai ku ya 23 Kamena. Uku guhindagurika kw'ikirere bituma hakenewe uburyo bwinshi bwo gukurikirana imvura buri gihe, butanga amahirwe menshi yo gukoresha ibipimo by'imvura.

Imvura y’ibinyomoro yo mu 2025 yagaragaje ko itangira hakiri kare—uturere twa Jiangnan na Yangtze yo Hagati yinjiye muri Meiyu ku ya 7 Kamena (iminsi 2-7 mbere y’uko bisanzwe), mu gihe akarere ka Jianghuai katangiye ku ya 19 Kamena (iminsi 4 mbere y’uko bisanzwe). Uku kuhagera hakiri kare byatumye habaho kwihutishwa mu gukumira imyuzure. Imvura y’ibinyomoro imara igihe kirekire, ubukana bwayo bukabije, kandi ikwirakwira mu buryo bugari—urugero, imvura ya 2024 yo Hagati y’Imvura yo Hagati y’Icyaro yarenze impuzandengo y’amateka ku kigero kirenga 50%, aho uturere tumwe na tumwe twahuye n’“imvura nyinshi ya Meiyu” igatera imyuzure ikomeye. Muri urwo rwego, gukurikirana neza imvura biba inkingi ikomeye mu gufata ibyemezo byo kurwanya imyuzure.

Uburyo bwo kugenzura imvura busanzwe bukoresha intoki bufite imbogamizi zikomeye: inshuro nke zo gupima (ubusanzwe inshuro 1-2 ku munsi), kohereza amakuru buhoro, no kudashobora gufata imvura nyinshi mu gihe gito. Ibipimo bigezweho by’imvura byikora hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gupima cyangwa gupima bifasha kugenzura umunota ku munota cyangwa ndetse n’isegonda ku isegonda, aho kohereza amakuru mu buryo bwihuse bikoresha insinga binongera cyane igihe n’ubunyangamugayo. Urugero, sisitemu yo gupima imvura ikoresha uburyo bwo gupima imvura ikoresha uburyo bwo gupima imvura ikoresha uburyo bwo kuyipima ku gihe ku rwego rwo hejuru mu karere ka Yongkang, Sanduxi Reservoir, i Zhejiang, yohereza amakuru ku mbuga nkoranyambaga z’amazi mu ntara, bityo igenzura imvura “ryoroshye kandi rinoze”.

Imbogamizi zikomeye mu bya tekiniki zirimo: kubungabunga ubuziranenge mu gihe cy'imvura ikabije (urugero, mm 660 mu minsi 3 mu Mujyi wa Taiping wa Hubei mu 2025—1/3 cy'imvura igwa buri mwaka); uburyo ibikoresho byizewe mu bidukikije bitose; no gushyira sitasiyo mu butaka bugoye. Ibipimo by'imvura bigezweho bikemura ibi bibazo hakoreshejwe ibikoresho by'icyuma kidashonga, ubushyuhe bubiri bw'ingufu, n'ingufu z'izuba. Imiyoboro minini ikoresha IoT nka sisitemu ya Zhejiang ya "Digital Levee" ivugurura amakuru y'imvura buri minota 5 uvuye kuri sitasiyo 11.

Ikigaragara ni uko imihindagurikire y’ikirere irimo kwiyongera cyane mu bihe bikomeye bya Meiyu—imvura ya Meiyu yo mu 2020 yari hejuru ya 120% (yari hejuru cyane kuva mu 1961), isaba ibipimo by’imvura bifite uburyo bwagutse bwo gupima, kurwanya ingaruka, no kwandura kw’ikwirakwizwa ryizewe. Amakuru ya Meiyu anashyigikira ubushakashatsi ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere, atanga uburyo bwo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu gihe kirekire.

Porogaramu zigezweho mu Bushinwa

Ubushinwa bwashyizeho uburyo burambuye bwo gukurikirana imvura kuva ku kwitegereza kwa gakondo hakoreshejwe intoki kugeza ku bisubizo bya IoT bigezweho, aho ibipimo by'imvura bihinduka uduce tw'ingenzi tw'imiyoboro y'amazi y'ubwenge.

Imiyoboro yo kugenzura imyuzure mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga

Sisitemu ya “Digital Levee” yo mu Karere ka Xiuzhou iragaragaza uburyo ikoreshwa muri iki gihe. Ihuza ibipimo by’imvura n’ibindi byuma bipima amazi, ishyira amakuru buri minota 5 ku rubuga rw’ubuyobozi. “Mbere, twapimaga imvura n’intoki dukoresheje uturindantoki twagabanyijemo ibice—ntibikora neza kandi biteje akaga nijoro. Ubu, porogaramu zigendanwa zitanga amakuru mu gihe nyacyo mu kibaya,” ibi ni ibyatangajwe na Jiang Jianming, Umuyobozi Wungirije w’Ibiro by’Ubuhinzi bya Wangdian Town. Ibi bituma abakozi bibanda ku ngamba zo kugenzura imiyoboro y’amazi, bikongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’imyuzure ku kigero kirenga 50%.

Mu Mujyi wa Tongxiang, sisitemu ya "Smart Waterlogging Control" ihuza amakuru aturuka kuri sitasiyo 34 za telemetry hamwe n'iteganyagihe ry'amazi rikoresha AI mu masaha 72. Mu gihembwe cya Meiyu cya 2024, yasohoye raporo 23 z'imvura, imiburo 5 y'umwuzure, n'imiburo 2 y'amazi menshi, bigaragaza uruhare rw'ingenzi rwa hydrology nk'"amaso n'amatwi" mu kurwanya umwuzure. Amakuru apima imvura ku rwego rw'iminota ahuza ibyo abantu bareba muri radar/satellite, ashyiraho uburyo bwo kugenzura ibintu mu buryo butandukanye.

Ibikoresho byo mu kigega n'ubuhinzi

Mu gucunga umutungo w’amazi, ikigega cya Sanduxi cya Yongkang gikoresha ibipimo byikora ku mashami 8 y’imiyoboro y’amazi hamwe n’ibipimo byakoreshejwe n’intoki kugira ngo birusheho kunoza uburyo bwo kuhira. “Guhuza uburyo bwo gutanga amazi neza mu gihe binoza uburyo bwo gukurikirana imikorere y’amazi,” ibi byasobanuwe n’umuyobozi Lou Qinghua. Amakuru y’imvura agaragaza neza gahunda yo kuhira no gukwirakwiza amazi.

Mu ntangiriro za Meiyu zo mu 2025, Ikigo cy’Ubumenyi bw’Amazi cya Hubei cyakoresheje uburyo bwo guhanura imyuzure mu buryo nyabwo buhuza iteganyagihe ry’ikirere amasaha 24/72 n’amakuru ajyanye n’ibigega by’amazi. Bitangiza isuzuma ry’imvura inshuro 26 no gushyigikira inama 5 zihutirwa, uburyo bwo kwizera bushingiye ku bipimo nyabyo by’imvura.

Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga

Ibipimo by'imvura bigezweho birimo udushya twinshi tw'ingenzi:

1. Igipimo cy’uruhererekane: Guhuza amahame yo gupima no gupima kugira ngo hakomeze kuba nyabyo mu bushyuhe (0.1-300mm/h), bikemura imvura ihindagurika ya Meiyu.
2. Imiterere yo kwisukura: Ibyuma bipima ubushyuhe n'ibisigazwa bikingira imyanda—ni ingenzi cyane mu gihe cy'imvura nyinshi ya Meiyu. Ikigo cy'Ubuyapani cyitwa Oki Electric kivuga ko ibikorwa nk'ibi byagabanutseho 90% by'ubuziranenge.
3. Edge Computing: Gutunganya amakuru kuri mudasobwa biyungurura urusaku kandi bigatahura ibintu bikomeye biri mu gace runaka, bigatuma habaho kwizerana nubwo haba hari ikibazo cy’umuyoboro w’itumanaho.
4. Guhuza Ibipimo Bitandukanye: Sitasiyo z’ibice byinshi zo muri Koreya y'Epfo zipima imvura hamwe n’ubushyuhe/ubukonje, binoza ubuhanuzi bw’inkangu ziterwa na Meiyu.

Imbogamizi n'icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza

Nubwo hari intambwe imaze guterwa, imbogamizi ziracyahari:

• Imiterere ikabije: "Meiyu" yo mu 2024 i Anhui yarenze ubushobozi bwa 300mm/h bw'ibipimo bimwe na bimwe
• Guhuza amakuru: Sisitemu zitandukanye zibangamira iteganyagihe ry'imyuzure mu turere twinshi
• Gukurikirana ibyaro: Uduce tw’imisozi ya kure nta hantu hahagije ho kugenzura

Ibisubizo bishya birimo:

1. Ibipimo Bigendanwa Bikoreshwa na Drone: MWR yo mu Bushinwa yagerageje ibipimo by'indege zitwara UAV kugira ngo imenyekane ko byakoreshejwe vuba mu gihe cy'imyuzure yo mu 2025
2. Igenzura rya Blockchain: Imishinga y'igerageza muri Zhejiang iremeza ko amakuru adahinduka mu byemezo by'ingenzi
3. Iteganyagihe rikoresheje imbaraga za AI: Uburyo bushya bwa Shanghai bwagabanyije 40% by'amakuru atari yo binyuze mu kwiga imashini

Kubera ko imihindagurikire y'ikirere ikomeje kwiyongera ku ihinduka rya Meiyu, ibipimo by'ikigero gitaha bizasaba:

• Kuramba cyane (IP68 irinda amazi, -30°C~70°C ikoreshwa)
• Ingano nini zo gupima (0~500mm/h)
• Guhuza cyane na IoT/5G networks

Nk’uko Umuyobozi Jiang abivuga: “Icyatangiye ari ugupima imvura byoroshye cyabaye ishingiro ry’ubuyobozi bw’amazi mu buryo bw’ubwenge.” Kuva ku kurwanya imyuzure kugeza ku bushakashatsi ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere, ibipimo by’imvura biracyari ibikoresho by’ingenzi mu guhangana n’imvura mu turere tw’imvura.

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