Ikoreshwa ry'Ikoranabuhanga n'Isesengura ry'Ingaruka za Sensors za Doppler Radar muri Indoneziya

Gusaba Impinduka mu Butabazi bw'Ibiza

Kubera ko ari igihugu kinini cyane ku isi giherereye ku nkengero z'umuriro wa Pasifika, Indoneziya ihora ihura n'ibibazo by'imitingito, tsunami, n'ibindi biza bisanzwe. Uburyo gakondo bwo gushakisha no gutabara akenshi ntibugira icyo bugeraho mu bihe bigoye nko gusenyuka kw'inyubako, aho ikoranabuhanga ryo kumenya radar rishingiye ku ngaruka za Doppler ritanga ibisubizo bishya. Mu 2022, itsinda ry'ubushakashatsi ryahuje Taiwan na Indoneziya ryakoze sisitemu ya radar ishobora kumenya umwuka w'abarokotse bahumeka binyuze mu nkuta za sima, bigaragaza intambwe ikomeye mu bushobozi bwo kumenya ubuzima nyuma y'ibiza.

Igishya cy’ingenzi cy’ikoranabuhanga kiri mu guhuza radar ya Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) hamwe na algorithms zigezweho zo gutunganya ibimenyetso. Iyi sisitemu ikoresha uburyo bubiri bwo gupima neza kugira ngo itsinde ikibazo cy’ibimenyetso bivuye mu bisigazwa: icya mbere gipima kandi gikemura ikibazo cy’inzitizi nini, mu gihe icya kabiri cyibanda ku kumenya ingendo zoroheje zo mu gituza (ubusanzwe 0.5-1.5 cm amplitude) kuva mu guhumeka kugeza ku kumenya aho umuntu yarokotse. Ibizamini bya laboratwari byerekana ubushobozi bwa sisitemu bwo kwinjira mu nkuta za sima zifite ubugari bwa cm 40 no kumenya guhumeka kugeza kuri metero 3.28 inyuma, hamwe n’uburyo bwo gushyira ibintu neza muri cm ± 3.375 - biruta cyane ibikoresho bisanzwe byo kumenya ubuzima.

Ingufu z'imikorere zemejwe binyuze mu buryo bwo gutabara bwakozwe mu buryo bwa "simulation". Kubera ko abakorerabushake bane bari inyuma y'inkuta za beto zifite ubunini butandukanye, sisitemu yabashije kumenya neza ibimenyetso by'ubuhumekero bw'abakorewe ibizamini, ikomeza gukora neza nubwo inkuta za cm 40 zari zigoye cyane. Ubu buryo bwo kudakora bukuraho ko abatabazi bagomba kwinjira mu bice biteje akaga, bigabanya cyane ibyago by'imvune za kabiri. Bitandukanye n'uburyo gakondo bwo gutabara, infrared cyangwa optique, Doppler radar ikora idakoresheje umwijima, umwotsi cyangwa urusaku, bigatuma habaho igikorwa amasaha 24/7 mu gihe cy'ubutabazi bukomeye bwa "sawa 72".

Imbonerahamwe: Igereranya ry'imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima ubuzima rinyura mu buryo bwihuse

Agaciro gashya k'iyi sisitemu karenze ibisobanuro bya tekiniki ahubwo kakagera ku buryo bwo kuyikoresha mu buryo bufatika. Iyi mashini yose igizwe n'ibice bitatu gusa: module ya FMCW radar, compact computing unit, na bateri ya lithium ya 12V - byose biri munsi ya 10kg kugira ngo ikoreshwe n'umukoresha umwe. Iyi miterere yoroheje ijyanye neza n'imiterere y'ikirere cya Indoneziya n'imiterere y'ibikorwaremezo byangiritse. Gahunda yo guhuza ikoranabuhanga na drones na platforms za robotic izakomeza kwagura imikorere yayo mu turere tutagerwamo n'abantu benshi.

Mu rwego rw'imibereho, radar yo kumenya ubuzima ishobora kongera cyane ubushobozi bwa Indoneziya bwo guhangana n'ibiza. Mu gihe cy'umutingito wa Palu na tsunami yo mu 2018, uburyo busanzwe bwagaragaye ko budakora neza mu gusiga sima, bigatuma impfu zishobora kwirindwa. Gukoresha ubu buryo mu buryo bukwirakwira bishobora kongera igipimo cyo kubona abarokotse ku kigero cya 30-50% mu biza nk'ibyo, bigashobora kurokora ubuzima bw'abantu amagana cyangwa ibihumbi. Nk'uko byashimangiwe na Porofeseri Aloyius Adya Pramudita wo muri Kaminuza ya Telkom yo muri Indoneziya, intego nyamukuru y'ubu buryo ijyanye neza n'ingamba zo kurwanya ibiza z'Ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe Kurwanya Ibiza (BNPB): "kugabanya abapfa no kwihutisha gukira."

Ibikorwa byo kwamamaza birimo gutangira, aho abashakashatsi bafatanyije n'abafatanyabikorwa mu nganda guhindura iyi poroteyine ya laboratwari mo ibikoresho bikomeye byo gutabara. Ukurikije ibikorwa bya Indoneziya bikunze gutera imitingito (imitingito irenga 5.000 buri mwaka), ikoranabuhanga rishobora kuba ibikoresho bisanzwe bya BNPB n'ibigo byita ku ibiza mu turere. Itsinda ry'ubushakashatsi riteganya ko ikoreshwa mu mirima mu gihe cy'imyaka ibiri, aho ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho biteganijwe kugabanuka kuva ku gipimo cy'amadolari 15.000 kiriho ubu kikagera munsi ya 5.000 ku gipimo - bigatuma ikoreshwa mu nzego z'ibanze mu ntara 34 za Indoneziya rishobora gukoreshwa.

Porogaramu zo gucunga ubwikorezi mu buryo bw'ubwenge

Umuvuduko w’imodoka ukabije muri Jakarta (uri ku mwanya wa 7 mu bakomeye ku isi) watumye habaho uburyo bushya bwo gukoresha radar ya Doppler mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga mu gutwara abantu. Gahunda ya “Smart City 4.0” y’umujyi ikubiyemo ibikoresho birenga 800 byo gupima radar mu masangano y’ingenzi, igera kuri ibi bikurikira:

• Kugabanuka kwa 30% mu gihe cy'umuvuduko mwinshi w'amasaha menshi binyuze mu kugenzura ibimenyetso bihindagurika
• Iterambere rya 12% mu muvuduko mpuzandengo w'ibinyabiziga (kuva kuri 18 kugeza 20.2 km/h)
• Kugabanuka kw'igihe mpuzandengo cyo gutegereza mu masangano y'imihanda y'abapilote kwa masegonda 45

Iyi sisitemu ikoresha imikorere myiza ya 24GHz Doppler radar mu mvura ishyuha (99% by'ubuhanga bwo kumenya neza ugereranije na 85% kuri kamera mu gihe cy'imvura nyinshi) kugira ngo ikurikirane umuvuduko w'imodoka, ubucucike, n'uburebure bw'umurongo mu gihe nyacyo. Guhuza amakuru na Traffic Management Center ya Jakarta bituma habaho impinduka mu gihe cy'amakuru buri minota 2-5 hashingiwe ku muvuduko nyawo w'imodoka aho kuba ku ngengabihe ihoraho.

Inyigo y'Urugero: Iterambere ry'Umuhanda wa Gatot Subroto

• Utwuma 28 twa radar twashyizwe ku ntera ya kilometero 4.3
• Ibimenyetso byo kwihuza byagabanyije igihe cyo kugenda kuva ku minota 25 kugeza kuri 18
• Ibyuka bya CO₂ byagabanutseho toni 1.2 buri munsi
• 35% by'ihohoterwa ry'umuhanda ryagaragaye hakoreshejwe iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko ryikora ku buryo bwikora

Gukurikirana ibijyanye n'amazi mu rwego rwo gukumira imyuzure

Uburyo bwo kuburira abantu ku myuzure bwa Indoneziya bwakoresheje ikoranabuhanga rya radar ya Doppler mu bibaya 18 binini by'imigezi. Umushinga w'ibibaya by'uruzi rwa Ciliwung ugaragaza iyi gahunda:

• Ibiro 12 bya radar bipima umuvuduko w'ubuso buri minota 5
• Bihujwe n'ibikoresho by'amazi bipima urwego rw'amazi hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo bibarwemo amazi asohoka
• Amakuru yoherezwa binyuze kuri GSM/LoRaWAN ku buryo bwo guhanura imyuzure yo hagati
• Igihe cyo gutanga umuburo cyongerewe kuva ku masaha 2 kugeza kuri 6 muri Greater Jakarta

Igipimo cya radar cyo kudakora ku mazi kiba ingirakamaro cyane mu gihe cy’imyuzure yuzuye imyanda aho metero zisanzwe zikoreshwa mu mazi zangirika. Gushyira ku biraro birinda ibyago mu mazi mu gihe bikomeza gukurikirana bidahungabanyijwe n’amazi.

Kubungabunga amashyamba no Kurengera inyamaswa zo mu gasozi

Muri Leuser Ecosystem ya Sumatra (ahantu ha nyuma ho gutura ha orangutan za Sumatra), radar ya Doppler ifasha muri ibi bikurikira:

1. Igenzura ryo kurwanya ubujura bw'amafi

• Radar ya 60GHz imenya ingendo z'abantu mu biti byinshi
• Itandukanya ba rushimusi n'inyamaswa ku kigero cya 92% by'ukuri
• Ifite uburebure bwa kilometero 5 kuri buri gice (ugereranije na metero 500 kuri kamera za infrared)

2. Gukurikirana ikirere

• Radar y'umuraba wa milimetero ikurikirana imiterere y'ibiti
• Igaragaza ibikorwa bitemewe n'amategeko byo gukata ibiti mu gihe nyacyo
• Yagabanyije ibiti bitarashyirwa mu bikorwa ku kigero cya 43% mu turere tw’igerageza

Ingufu nke za sisitemu (15W/sensor) zemerera imikorere y’izuba ahantu kure, zohereza ubutumwa binyuze kuri satelite iyo hagaragaye ibikorwa bikekwa.

Imbogamizi n'icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza

Nubwo hari ibisubizo byiza, ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryabyo rihura n'imbogamizi nyinshi mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryabyo:

1. Inzitizi za tekiniki

• Ubushuhe bwinshi (>80% RH) bushobora kugabanya ibimenyetso by'impinduka nyinshi
• Ibidukikije byuzuye imijyi bitera imbogamizi mu nzira nyinshi
• Ubuhanga buke mu bya tekiniki byo mu gace runaka mu kubungabunga

2. Ibintu by'ubukungu

• Ibiciro by'ibikoresho bikoreshwa ubu (3,000-$8,000/igice) bibangamira ingengo y'imari y'aho batuye
• Imibare y'amafaranga akoreshwa mu mirenge idasobanutse neza ku bijyanye n'amafaranga asanzwe
• Kwishingikiriza ku batanga ibicuruzwa b'abanyamahanga ku bice by'ingenzi

3. Imbogamizi z'inzego

• Gusangira amakuru hagati y'ibigo bitandukanye biracyafite ikibazo
• Kutagira amabwiriza ahamye yo guhuza amakuru ya radar
• Gutinda gukurikizwa mu gutanga spectrum

Ibisubizo bishya birimo:

• Guteza imbere sisitemu za 77GHz zirinda ubushuhe
• Gushyiraho ahantu ho guterana mu gace runaka kugira ngo bigabanye ikiguzi
• Gushyiraho gahunda zo kohereza ubumenyi muri leta, mu bigo by’amashuri makuru no mu nganda
• Gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo gutangiza ibikorwa mu byiciro bitandukanye uhereye ku nzego zifite ingaruka zikomeye

Porogaramu zizakoreshwa mu gihe kizaza zirimo:

• Imiyoboro ya radar ikoresha indege zitagira abapilote mu gusuzuma ibiza
• Sisitemu zo gutahura ubutaka zikoresha ikoranabuhanga
• Gukurikirana neza uturere tw'uburobyi kugira ngo hirindwe uburobyi bukabije
• Gukurikirana isuri yo ku nkombe hakoreshejwe uburyo buboneye bwo gukurikirana imiterere y'imiraba ya milimetero

Hamwe n’ishoramari rikwiye n’inkunga ya politiki, ikoranabuhanga rya Doppler radar rishobora kuba inkingi ikomeye mu mpinduka mu ikoranabuhanga muri Indoneziya, rikongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibibazo mu birwa 17.000 byayo mu gihe hashyirwaho amahirwe mashya yo kubona akazi mu buryo bugezweho mu gihugu. Ubunararibonye bwa Indoneziya bugaragaza uburyo ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rishobora guhindurwa kugira ngo rikemure ibibazo byihariye ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere bifite iyo bishyizwe mu bikorwa hakoreshejwe ingamba zikwiye zo gushyira mu bikorwa aho biri.

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