Inkomoko y'Igenzura ry'Ubuziranenge bw'Amazi n'Ingorane z'Ihumana rya Ammoniyumu muri Maleziya
Nk’igihugu gikomeye mu buhinzi n’inganda mu majyepfo y’uburasirazuba bwa Aziya, Maleziya ihanganye n’ibibazo bikomeye byo kwandura amazi, aho ihumana rya ammonium ion (NH₄⁺) rigaragara nk’ikimenyetso cy’ingenzi cy’umutekano w’amazi. Hamwe n’iterambere ry’imishinga y’igihugu y’ibidukikije nka gahunda ya Maleziya yitwa “Uruzi rw’Ubuzima”, ikoranabuhanga rya ammonium ion ryakoreshejwe cyane mu gihugu hose, rituma habaho ikoreshwa ry’inzego zitandukanye kuva ku gusana imigezi mu mijyi kugeza ku buhinzi bw’amafi.
Maleziya ifite umutungo w’amazi mwinshi, harimo imigezi myinshi, ibiyaga, n’amazi yo munsi y’ubutaka akoreshwa nk’amazi yo kunywa ku bantu benshi mu gihe ashyigikira kuhira mu buhinzi, umusaruro w’inganda, n’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima. Ariko, iterambere ryihuse ry’imijyi n’iterambere ry’ubuhinzi byashyize igitutu gikomeye ku bidukikije by’amazi bya Maleziya, aho umwanda wa ammoniyumu uba kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye. Imyunyungugu ya ammoniyumu ikomoka ahanini ku ifumbire mvaruganda itemba, imyanda yo mu ngo, n’amazi yanduye yo mu nganda. Kurenza urugero rw’amazi ntibitera gusa gushonga kw’amazi ahubwo binateza ibibazo ku buzima binyuze mu guhinduka nitrites na nitrate, cyane cyane byongera ibyago byo kurwara methemoglobinemia y’abana bato (syndrome y’ubururu bw’uruhinja).
Amakuru aturuka mu ishami rishinzwe ibidukikije muri Maleziya agaragaza ko igipimo cya ammoniyumu mu migezi minini myinshi cyarenze igipimo cya 0.3mg/L. Uruzi rwa Klang—“uruzi mama” rwa Kuala Lumpur—rugaragaza buri gihe igipimo cya ammoniyumu kiri hagati ya 2-3mg/L, kirenze cyane igipimo cy’amazi yo kunywa cya OMS. Ibi birakabije cyane mu turere tw’ubuhinzi twa Selangor no mu duce tw’inganda twa Penang, aho umwanda wa ammoniyumu wabaye imbogamizi ku iterambere rirambye.
Uburyo gakondo bwo gukurikirana buhura n'imbogamizi nyinshi muri Maleziya:
- Isesengura rya laboratwari rimara amasaha 24-48, ridashobora kugaragaza impinduka mu gihe nyacyo
- Gufata ingero za hand gufite ikibazo mu miterere y'ubutaka ya Maleziya
- Amakuru yagabanijwe mu bigo nta buyobozi buhuriweho
Ibi bintu bibangamira uburyo bwiza bwo guhangana n’ibibazo by’umwanda wa amoniya.
Amahame y'ikoranabuhanga ya Ammonium Sensors n'uburyo akoreshwa muri Maleziya
Utwuma dukoresha ammonium tugezweho muri Maleziya dukoresha uburyo butatu bwo gutahura, buri bumwe bufite inyungu zitandukanye mu buryo butandukanye bwo kugenzura:
- Ikoranabuhanga rya Electrode Ihitamo Ion (ISE)
- Ikoreshwa cyane muri Maleziya
- Ipima impinduka zishobora kubaho ku ruhererekane rw’amonium
- Ibyiza: Imiterere yoroshye, ihendutse, igisubizo cyihuse (
- Urugero: Ibikoresho bya Xianhe Environmental bya ISE byavuguruye mu mushinga wa Klang River bigeraho neza cyane ± 0.05mg/L hamwe n'ubushyuhe n'imyambaro irinda ingaruka mbi.
- Ikoranabuhanga rya Fluorescence y'urumuri
- Imenya impinduka z'urumuri zikomoka ku maranga akoreshwa na ammonium
- Ntibiterwa n'ibara ry'amazi/umuraba
- Hakenewe gupima bike
- Urugero: Sisitemu zo kugenzura zigendanwa za MIC-騰晖 Telecom zihuza ibi n'ingufu z'izuba na NB-IoT mu turere twa kure.
- Ikoranabuhanga rya Colorimetric
- Ipima impinduka z'amabara ziturutse ku bipimo by'ibimenyetso bya amoniya
- Igisubizo gito (iminota 15-30) ariko gitoranyije cyane
- Ni nziza cyane mu buhinzi
- Urugero: Gukurikirana neza uburyo bwo kuhira mu buryo bunoze bwa MARDI
- Dushobora kandi gutanga ibisubizo bitandukanye kuri
1. Igipimo gifata mu ntoki cy'ubwiza bw'amazi gifite ibipimo byinshi
2. Sisitemu yo gukamura amazi mu mazi ikoresha imiterere myinshi
3. Uburoso bwo gusukura bwikora ku buryo bwikora ku buryo bworoshye bw'amazi bukoresha parameter nyinshi
4. Seti yuzuye ya seriveri na porogaramu ya module idafite umugozi, ishyigikira RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-23-2025