Nk’igihugu cy’ibirwa, Filipine ihura n’ibibazo byinshi mu micungire y’umutungo kamere w’amazi, harimo kwandura amazi yo kunywa, kwiyongera cyane kw’ibimera, no kwangirika k’ubuziranenge bw’amazi nyuma y’ibiza. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, hamwe n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ryo kumenya, ibikoresho byo kumenya amazi byagize uruhare runini mu kugenzura no gucunga ibidukikije byo mu mazi muri Filipine. Iyi nkuru izasesengura mu buryo burambuye ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho byo kumenya amazi muri Filipine, harimo n’ikoreshwa ryabyo mu kugenzura amazi, kugenzura ibiyaga, gutunganya imyanda, no guhangana n’ibiza. Suzuma ingaruka z’izi koranabuhanga ku micungire y’ubuziranenge bw’amazi, ubuzima rusange, kurengera ibidukikije n’iterambere ry’ubukungu muri Filipine; Kandi utegereze intambwe z’iterambere mu gihe kizaza n’imbogamizi zigaragara. Mu gusesengura ubunararibonye bw’ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho byo kumenya amazi muri Filipine, bishobora gutanga ibisobanuro by’ingirakamaro ku ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’amazi mu bindi bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere.
Inkomoko n'imbogamizi zo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'amazi muri Filipine
Nk’igihugu cy’ibirwa biri mu majyepfo y’uburasirazuba bwa Aziya, Filipine igizwe n’ibirwa birenga 7.000. Imiterere yacyo yihariye itera imbogamizi nyinshi zidasanzwe mu micungire y’umutungo w’amazi. Imvura igwa muri iki gihugu ku mwaka igera kuri milimetero 2.348. Umutungo w’amazi wose ni mwinshi. Ariko, bitewe n’ikwirakwizwa ry’amazi ritari ry’ukuri, ibikorwa remezo bidahagije n’ibibazo bikomeye by’umwanda, umubare munini w’abantu uracyafite ibibazo by’umutekano mu mazi yo kunywa. Dukurikije imibare y’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima, abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 8 muri Filipine ntibabona amazi meza yo kunywa, kandi ibibazo by’ubuziranenge bw’amazi byabaye ikintu cy’ingenzi kibangamiye ubuzima bw’abaturage.
Ibibazo by’ubuziranenge bw’amazi muri Filipine bigaragarira ahanini mu ngingo zikurikira: Umwanda ukabije w’amazi, cyane cyane mu duce dutuwe cyane nko mu mujyi wa Manila, aho amazi mabi yo mu nganda, imyanda yo mu ngo n’amazi atemba mu buhinzi atera ubwiyongere bw’amazi mu miyoboro y’amazi; Ikibazo cy’ubwiyongere bukabije bw’ibimera ni cyo kigaragara. Urugero, indabyo z’ibimera by’ubururu n’icyatsi kibisi zikunze kugaragara mu miyoboro minini y’amazi nka Laguna Lake, idatanga impumuro mbi gusa ahubwo inasohora uburozi bw’ibimera, bigahungabanya umutekano w’amazi yo kunywa. Umwanda ukabije w’ibyuma uboneka mu mazi akikije uturere tumwe na tumwe tw’inganda. Urugero, ku nkengero z’inyanja ya Manila, hagaragaye ingano ikabije y’ibyuma bikomeye nka cadmium (Cd), lisade (Pb), na umuringa (Cu). Byongeye kandi, Filipine ikunze kwibasirwa n’inkubi z’umuyaga n’imyuzure, kandi kwangirika k’ubwiza bw’amazi nyuma y’ibiza na byo ni ibintu bikunze kugaragara cyane.
Uburyo gakondo bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'amazi buhura n'imbogamizi nyinshi mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa muri Filipine: Isesengura rya laboratwari rirahenda kandi ritwara igihe, kandi biragoye kuzuza ibisabwa mu igenzura mu gihe nyacyo; Gufata ingero n'intoki bigengwa n'imiterere y'ubutaka ya Filipine, kandi uturere twinshi twa kure biragoye kubigeraho. Amakuru y'igenzura akwirakwira mu nzego zitandukanye, nta buryo bumwe bwo gucunga no gusesengura buhuriweho. Ibi bintu byose byabangamiye ubushobozi bwa Filipine bwo gukemura neza ibibazo by'ubuziranenge bw'amazi.
Muri iki kibazo, ibikoresho byo gupima amazi, nk'igikoresho cyo kugenzura neza kandi gikoreshwa mu gihe nyacyo, birimo gukoreshwa cyane muri Filipine. Gupima amazi ni ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cyo gupima ingano y'ibintu bihagaze mu mazi. Ntabwo bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku miterere y'amatwi y'amazi gusa ahubwo binafitanye isano rya bugufi no kuba hari udukoko twanduza amazi ndetse n'ubwinshi bw'imyanda ihumanya. Ibikoresho byo gupima amazi bigezweho byakozwe hashingiwe ku ihame ry'urumuri rutatanye. Iyo urumuri rwinjiye mu gipimo cy'amazi, uduce duhagaze dutuma urumuri rutatana. Mu gupima ubukana bw'urumuri rutatanye mu cyerekezo gigororotse ku rumuri rw'impanuka no kurugereranya n'agaciro k'imbere mu gipimo, agaciro k'amazi mu gipimo cy'amazi gashobora kubarwa. Iri koranabuhanga rifite ibyiza byo gupima vuba, ibisubizo nyabyo no gukurikirana buri gihe, kandi rikwiriye cyane cyane ibikenewe mu kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'amazi muri Filipine.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, hamwe n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rya interineti y’ibintu (iot) n’imiyoboro ya sensor idafite insinga, uburyo bwo gukoresha sensor z’amazi muri Filipine bwakomeje kwaguka, kuva ku kugenzura amazi gakondo kugeza ku nzego nyinshi nko gucunga ibiyaga, gutunganya imyanda, no gutabara mu gihe cy’impanuka. Ishyirwaho ry’ubu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga riri guhindura uburyo amazi meza acungwa muri Filipine kandi ritanga ibisubizo bishya byo gukemura ibibazo bimaze igihe kinini by’ubuziranenge bw’amazi.
Incamake y'ikoranabuhanga rya Turbidity Sensor n'uko rikoreshwa muri Filipine
Nk'imwe mu bikoresho by'ingenzi byo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'amazi, ihame rya tekiniki rya sensor y'amazi n'imiterere yayo mu mikorere ni byo bigena uburyo ikoreshwa n'uburyo yizewe mu bidukikije bigoye. Ibyuma bigezweho bipima amazi ahanini bikurikiza amahame yo gupima urumuri, harimo uburyo bw'urumuri rutatanye, uburyo bw'urumuri rwoherezwa hamwe n'uburyo bwo gupima, muri byo uburyo bw'urumuri rutatanye bwabaye ikoranabuhanga rikuru bitewe n'ubuhanga bwarwo bwo hejuru n'ubudahinduka. Iyo urumuri runyuze mu gipimo cy'amazi, uduce duto twometse mu mazi dutuma urumuri rutatanye. Ibyuma bipima agaciro k'amazi bipima ubukana bw'urumuri rutatanye ku nguni runaka (ubusanzwe 90°). Ubu buryo bwo gupima butajyanye n'aho bugera burinda ibibazo by'ubwandu bwa electrode kandi bukwiriye gukorerwa igenzura ry'igihe kirekire kuri interineti.
Ibipimo by'ingenzi by'imikorere ya sensors z'amazi birimo urwego rwo gupima (ubusanzwe 0-2000NTU cyangwa rwagutse), ubushobozi bwo kugaragaza (kugeza kuri 0.1NTU), uburyo bwo gukora neza (± 1%-5%), igihe cyo gusubiza, urwego rwo kwishyura ubushyuhe, n'urwego rwo kurinda, nibindi. Mu bihe by'ikirere gishyuha cyane muri Filipine, ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibidukikije bwa sensors ni ingenzi cyane, harimo no kudakoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi (urugero rwo gukora 0-50℃), urwego rwo kurinda ruri hejuru (IP68 idapfa amazi), n'ubushobozi bwo gufata neza 78. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, sensors zimwe na zimwe zo mu rwego rwo hejuru nazo zashyize hamwe uburyo bwo gusukura bwikora, bukuraho buri gihe ibintu byanduye ku buso bwa sensor binyuze mu burashi bwa mechanical cyangwa ikoranabuhanga rya ultrasonic, bigabanya cyane inshuro zo kubungabunga.
Ikoreshwa rya sensor z’amazi muri Filipine rifite ubushobozi bwo guhindura imiterere yabyo mu buryo bwihariye. Ubwa mbere, amazi menshi ni ikibazo gikunze kugaragara mu mazi yo muri Filipine, cyane cyane mu gihe cy’imvura iyo amazi agwa hejuru. Uburyo gakondo bwo muri laboratwari buragoye kubona impinduka mu bwiza bw’amazi ku gihe, mu gihe sensor z’amazi yo kuri interineti zishobora gutanga amakuru ahoraho yo kugenzura. Icya kabiri, mu turere twinshi twa Filipine, amashanyarazi ntahindagurika. Sensors zigezweho zifite ingufu nke (zikoresha ingufu <0.5W) zishobora gukoreshwa n’ingufu z’izuba kandi zikwiriye gukoreshwa mu turere twa kure. Byongeye kandi, Filipine ifite ibirwa byinshi kandi ikiguzi cyo kohereza amakuru mu buryo bw’insinga kiri hejuru. Sensor y’amazi ishyigikira protocole z’itumanaho ridafite insinga (nka RS485 Modbus/RTU, LoRaWAN, nibindi), zoroshye kubaka umuyoboro w’igenzura ukwirakwira 8.
Gushyira ibikoresho by’amazi mu kirere muri Filipine akenshi bihuzwa no gukurikirana ibindi bipimo by’ubuziranenge bw’amazi kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’amazi bufite ibipimo byinshi. Ibipimo bisanzwe bihuriweho birimo agaciro ka pH, ogisijeni ishongeshejwe (DO), amashanyarazi atwara, ubushyuhe, azote ya ammonia, nibindi. Ibi bipimo hamwe bitanga isuzuma ryuzuye ry’ubuziranenge bw’amazi. Urugero, mu gukurikirana algae, guhuza amakuru y’ubushyuhe n’agaciro ka chlorophyll fluorescence bishobora kumenya neza uko algae ikura. Mu gikorwa cyo gutunganya imyanda, isesengura ry’isano riri hagati y’ubushyuhe n’ikoreshwa rya COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) rirafasha mu kunoza uburyo bwo gutunganya. Iyi miterere ihuriweho ifite ibipimo byinshi yongera cyane imikorere y’igenzura kandi igabanya ikiguzi rusange cyo kuyikoresha.
Ukurikije uko iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rihagaze, ikoreshwa rya sensors z’amazi muri Filipine riri kugenda rigana ku bumenyi n’imikoranire. Itsinda rishya rya sensors ntirifite gusa imikorere y’ibanze yo gupima, ahubwo rinahuza ubushobozi bwo gukoresha interineti, bigatuma amakuru yo mu gace abonekamo ategurwa mbere yo kuyatunganya no kuyamenya. Kubona no gusangira amakuru hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya kure bigerwaho binyuze kuri platform ya cloud, bifasha kureba amakuru mu buryo butunguranye haba kuri mudasobwa na terefone zigendanwa. Urugero, Sunshine Smart Cloud Platform ishobora kugera ku igenzura ry’ibicu mu gihe cyose cy’ikirere no kubika amakuru ya sensor, bigatuma abakoresha babona amakuru y’amateka mu buryo butaziguye badahora kuri interineti. Iri terambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ryatanze ibikoresho bikomeye byo gucunga umutungo w’amazi muri Filipine, cyane cyane bigaragaza akamaro kadasanzwe mu gusubiza ibibazo by’amazi bitunguranye no gusesengura imiterere y’amazi mu gihe kirekire.
Dushobora kandi gutanga ibisubizo bitandukanye kuri
1. Igipimo gifata mu ntoki cy'ubwiza bw'amazi gifite ibipimo byinshi
2. Sisitemu yo gukamura amazi mu mazi ikoresha imiterere myinshi
3. Uburoso bwo gusukura bwikora ku buryo bwikora ku buryo bworoshye bw'amazi bukoresha parameter nyinshi
4. Seti yuzuye ya seriveri na porogaramu ya module idafite umugozi, ishyigikira RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN
Kugira ngo ubone amakuru arambuye ku bijyanye n'ibipimo by'amazi,
Nyamuneka hamagara Honde Technology Co., LTD.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-20-2025