Umwarimu wa Polytechnic arateganya gukoresha amakuru ajyanye n'ikirere kugira ngo ahanure niba ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba zihari

Amakuru y’ikirere amaze igihe kinini afasha abahanura ibicu, imvura n’inkubi y’umuyaga. Lisa Bozeman wo mu kigo cya Purdue Polytechnic Institute arashaka guhindura ibi kugira ngo ba nyiri ikoranabuhanga n’ingufu z’imirasire y’izuba bashobore kumenya igihe n’aho izuba rizagaragara, bityo bikongere umusaruro w’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba.
“Si ubururu gusa,” ibi byavuzwe na Boseman, umwarimu wungirije wabonye impamyabumenyi y’ikirenga mu by’ubwubatsi mu nganda. “Ni no kugena umusaruro n’ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi.”
Bozeman arimo gukora ubushakashatsi ku buryo amakuru y’ikirere ashobora guhuzwa n’andi makuru aboneka ku mugaragaro kugira ngo anonosore uburyo bwo guhangana n’imikorere y’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi w’igihugu binyuze mu guhanura neza umusaruro w’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba. Ibigo by’imari n’amashanyarazi bikunze guhura n’ikibazo cyo guhaza ibyifuzo mu gihe cy’izuba rishyushye no mu gihe cy’ubukonje bukabije.
“Kuri ubu, uburyo bwo guhanura no kunoza imirasire y’izuba burahari ku bigo bitanga serivisi ku bijyanye n’ingaruka za buri munsi z’ingufu z’izuba ku muyoboro w’amashanyarazi,” Bozeman yagize ati. “Mu kugena uburyo bwo gukoresha amakuru asanzweho mu gusuzuma umusaruro w’izuba, twizeye gufasha ikigo cy’amashanyarazi. Abafata ibyemezo mu buyobozi bashoboye gucunga neza ikirere gikabije n’ingufu nyinshi zikoreshwa.”
Inzego za leta, ibibuga by'indege n'amatangazo bikurikirana ikirere mu buryo bufatika. Amakuru agezweho ku bijyanye n'ikirere akusanywa n'abantu bakoresheje ibikoresho bikoresha interineti byashyizwe mu ngo zabo. Byongeye kandi, amakuru akusanywa na satelite za NOAA (Ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe Inyanja n'Imyuka) na NASA (Ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe Imyuka n'Ibintu). Amakuru aturuka muri izi sitasiyo zitandukanye z'ikirere arahuzwa agashyirwa ku baturage.
Itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi rya Bozeman ririmo gushakisha uburyo bwo guhuza amakuru ajyanye n’igihe nyacyo n’amakuru y’amateka y’ikirere aturuka muri Laboratwari y’Igihugu y’Ingufu Zisubiramo (NREL), igerageza ry’ibanze rya Minisiteri y’Ingufu muri Amerika mu bushakashatsi no guteza imbere ingufu zisubiramo n’ingufu. NREL ikora amakuru yitwa Umwaka w’Iteganyagihe (TMY) utanga agaciro k’imirasire y’izuba n’ibintu by’iteganyagihe ku isaha mu mwaka usanzwe. Amakuru ya TMY NREL ashobora gukoreshwa mu kumenya imiterere y’ikirere isanzwe ahantu runaka mu gihe kirekire.
Kugira ngo hakorwe amakuru ya TMY, NREL yafashe amakuru ya sitasiyo z’ikirere kuva mu myaka 50 kugeza ku 100 ishize, ikayapima intera maze isanga ukwezi kwari kwegereye impuzandengo, nk'uko Boseman yabitangaje. Intego y'ubushakashatsi ni uguhuza aya makuru n'amakuru agezweho aturuka mu bigo by'ikirere byo mu gace k'iwabo hirya no hino mu gihugu kugira ngo hamenyekane ubushyuhe n'imirasire y'izuba ahantu runaka, hatitawe ku kuba aho hantu hari hafi cyangwa kure y'aho amakuru aturuka mu gihe nyacyo.
Bozeman yagize ati: “Dukoresheje aya makuru, tuzabarura ibibazo bishobora kubangamira ikoranabuhanga ry’amashanyarazi uhereye inyuma ya metero. Niba dushobora kumenya uko imirasire y’izuba izamera mu gihe cya vuba, dushobora gufasha ibigo bitanga serivisi kumenya niba bizabura amashanyarazi cyangwa amashanyarazi menshi.”
Nubwo ibigo by’amashanyarazi bikunze gukoresha lisansi ikomoka ku bimera n’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa kugira ngo bikore amashanyarazi, bamwe mu banyanzu n’ibigo by’ubucuruzi bakora ingufu z’izuba cyangwa umuyaga inyuma y’icyuma gipima. Nubwo amategeko agenga ibipimo bitandukanye bitewe na leta, muri rusange asaba ibigo by’amashanyarazi kugura amashanyarazi arenze urugero aturuka ku bikoresho by’abakiriya bikoresha amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic. Bityo, uko ingufu z’izuba ziyongera ku mirasire y’izuba ziboneka ku muyoboro w’amashanyarazi, ubushakashatsi bwa Bozeman bushobora no gufasha ibigo by’amashanyarazi kugabanya ikoreshwa ryabyo ry’ibikomoka ku bimera.