Mu igenzura ry’ikirere no gukurikirana ibidukikije, ni ngombwa kubona amakuru nyayo kandi ku gihe. Bitewe n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga, sitasiyo nyinshi z’ikirere zikoresha ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga n’amabwiriza y’itumanaho kugira ngo zongere imikorere myiza yo gukusanya no kohereza amakuru. Muri zo, protocole ya SDI-12 (Serial Data Interface at 1200 baud) yabaye amahitamo y’ingenzi mu bijyanye n’iteganyagihe bitewe n’uburyo bworoshye, bworoshye kandi bunoze.
1. Ibiranga porotokoli ya SDI-12
SDI-12 ni porotokoli y'itumanaho ikoreshwa mu byuma bipima ibidukikije ku ngufu nke, ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye bwo kugenzura ibidukikije. Iyi porotokoli ifite ibi bikurikira by'ingenzi:
Igishushanyo mbonera cy'ingufu nke: Porogaramu ya SDI-12 yemerera sensor kwinjira mu buryo bwo gusinzira iyo idakora, bityo ikagabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu kandi ikwiriye ibikoresho bikoresha bateri.
Inkunga ya sensor nyinshi: Ibyuma bigera kuri 62 bishobora guhuzwa na bisi ya SDI-12, kandi amakuru ya buri sensor ashobora kumenyekana hakoreshejwe aderesi yihariye, bigatuma imiterere ya sisitemu irushaho koroha.
Byoroshye guhuza: Guhuza protocole ya SDI-12 bituma sensors ziva mu nganda zitandukanye zikora ibintu bitandukanye zikora muri sisitemu imwe, kandi guhuza n'umukusanya makuru biroroshye cyane.
Kohereza amakuru mu buryo buhamye: SDI-12 yohereza amakuru ikoresheje imibare ya biti 12, igenzura ko amakuru ari ukuri kandi yizewe.
2. Imiterere ya sitasiyo y'ikirere ya SDI-12
Sitasiyo y'ikirere ishingiye kuri protocole ya SDI-12 ubusanzwe iba igizwe n'ibi bikurikira:
Sensor: Igice cy'ingenzi cyane cy'ikigo cy'iteganyagihe, gikusanya amakuru y'iteganyagihe binyuze mu byuma bitandukanye, birimo ibipima ubushyuhe, ibipima ubushuhe, ibipima umuvuduko w'umuyaga n'icyerekezo, ibipima imvura, nibindi. Ibipima byose bishyigikira protocole ya SDI-12.
Umukusanya amakuru: Ashinzwe kwakira amakuru ya sensor no kuyatunganya. Umukusanya amakuru yohereza ubusabe kuri buri sensor binyuze muri protocole ya SDI-12 maze akabona amakuru asubijwe.
Ububiko bw'amakuru: Amakuru yakusanyijwe akunze kubikwa mu gikoresho cyo kubika amakuru cyo mu gace runaka, nka ikarita ya SD, cyangwa agashyirwa kuri seriveri y'ibicu binyuze mu muyoboro utagira umugozi kugira ngo abikwa kandi asesengurwe igihe kirekire.
Module yo kohereza amakuru: Sitasiyo nyinshi zigezweho z’ikirere zifite module zo kohereza amakuru zidafite umugozi, nka module za GPRS, LoRa cyangwa Wi-Fi, kugira ngo zorohereze kohereza amakuru mu buryo bwihuse kuri platform yo kugenzura iri kure.
Imicungire y'ingufu: Kugira ngo ikigo cy'iteganyagihe kigire imikorere ihamye igihe kirekire, hakoreshwa ingufu zisubiramo nk'ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba na bateri za lithiamu.
3. Imiterere y'ikoreshwa rya sitasiyo z'ikirere za SDI-12
Ibikoresho bitanga ikirere bya SDI-12 bikoreshwa cyane mu nzego nyinshi, harimo:
Igenzura ry’ikirere mu buhinzi: Sitasiyo z’ikirere zishobora gutanga amakuru y’ikirere mu gihe nyacyo ku musaruro w’ubuhinzi no gufasha abahinzi gufata ibyemezo bya siyansi.
Gukurikirana ibidukikije: Mu gukurikirana ibidukikije no kurengera ibidukikije, sitasiyo z’iteganyagihe zishobora gufasha mu gukurikirana imihindagurikire y’ikirere n’ubwiza bw’ikirere.
Gukurikirana ibijyanye n'amazi: Ibigo bigenzura ikirere bishobora gukurikirana imvura n'ubushuhe bw'ubutaka, bigatanga inkunga y'amakuru yo gucunga umutungo kamere w'amazi no gukumira imyuzure no kugabanya ibiza.
Ubushakashatsi ku mihindagurikire y'ikirere: Inzego z'ubushakashatsi zikoresha sitasiyo z'iteganyagihe za SDI-12 kugira ngo zikusanye amakuru y'igihe kirekire ku mihindagurikire y'ikirere no gukora ubushakashatsi ku mihindagurikire y'ikirere.
4. Imanza nyazo
Urugero rwa 1: Ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura imiterere y'ikirere mu Bushinwa
Mu gace k’ubuhinzi mu Bushinwa, hubakwa uburyo bwo kugenzura ikirere hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa SDI-12. Ubu buryo bukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukurikirana imiterere y’ikirere ikenewe kugira ngo ibihingwa bikure neza. Ahantu ho gupima ikirere hashyizweho ibikoresho bitandukanye byo gusuzuma ikirere nk’ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, umuvuduko w’umuyaga, imvura, nibindi, bihuzwa n’umukusanya makuru binyuze muri gahunda ya SDI-12.
Ingaruka zo gukoresha: Mu gihe cy'ingenzi cyo gukura kw'ibihingwa, abahinzi bashobora kubona amakuru y'ikirere mu gihe nyacyo no kuhira no gufumbira ku gihe. Ubu buryo bwazamuye cyane umusaruro n'ubwiza bw'ibihingwa, kandi amafaranga abahinzi binjiza yiyongereyeho hafi 20%. Binyuze mu isesengura ry'amakuru, abahinzi bashobora kandi gutegura neza ibikorwa by'ubuhinzi no kugabanya isesagura ry'umutungo.
Ikibazo cya 2: Umushinga wo Gukurikirana Ibidukikije mu Mijyi
Mu mujyi wo muri Filipine, guverinoma y'ibanze yashyizeho sitasiyo z'ikirere za SDI-12 zo kugenzura ibidukikije, cyane cyane mu rwego rwo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'ikirere n'imiterere y'ikirere. Izi sitasiyo z'ikirere zifite inshingano zikurikira:
Utumashini dupima ibipimo by'ibidukikije nk'ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, umuvuduko w'umuyaga, PM2.5, PM10, n'ibindi.
Amakuru yoherezwa mu kigo gishinzwe kugenzura ibidukikije mu mujyi mu gihe nyacyo hakoreshejwe protocole ya SDI-12.
Ingaruka zo gukoresha: Mu gukusanya no gusesengura amakuru, abayobozi b'umujyi bashobora gufata ingamba ku gihe zo guhangana n'ibibazo bikomeye by'ikirere nk'ibihu n'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Abaturage bashobora kandi kubona amakuru y'ikirere n'ubwiza bw'ikirere hafi yabo mu gihe nyacyo binyuze muri porogaramu za telefoni zigendanwa, kugira ngo bahindure gahunda zabo z'ingendo ku gihe kandi barinde ubuzima bwabo.
Ingingo ya 3: Sisitemu yo Gukurikirana Amazi
Mu mushinga wo kugenzura amazi mu kibaya cy'uruzi, protocole ya SDI-12 ikoreshwa mu gucunga no kugenzura urujya n'uruza rw'amazi, imvura n'ubushuhe bw'ubutaka. Uyu mushinga washyizeho sitasiyo nyinshi z'iteganyagihe kugira ngo zigenzurwe mu buryo bwihuse ahantu hatandukanye ho gupima.
Ingaruka zo gushyira mu bikorwa: Itsinda ry’umushinga ryashoboye guhanura ibyago by’imyuzure binyuze mu gusesengura aya makuru no gutanga umuburo hakiri kare ku baturage bari hafi aho. Mu gukorana n’inzego z’ibanze, iyi gahunda yagabanyije neza igihombo cy’ubukungu giterwa n’imyuzure kandi yongera ubushobozi bwo gucunga umutungo w’amazi.
Umwanzuro
Bitewe n’iterambere rikomeje mu bumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga, ikoreshwa rya protocole ya SDI-12 muri sitasiyo z’iteganyagihe ryarushijeho kuba rusange. Imiterere yayo ikoresha ingufu nke, inkunga ya sensor nyinshi hamwe n’imiterere ihamye yo kohereza amakuru bitanga ibitekerezo bishya n’ibisubizo byo gukurikirana iteganyagihe. Mu gihe kizaza, sitasiyo z’iteganyagihe zishingiye kuri SDI-12 zizakomeza guteza imbere no gutanga inkunga nyayo kandi yizewe yo gukurikirana iteganyagihe mu nganda zitandukanye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mata-16-2025