Mu gihe inganda z’ubworozi bw’amafi ku isi zikomeje kwaguka, ubuhinzi gakondo buhura n’imbogamizi nyinshi zirimo imicungire mibi y’amazi, kugenzura ogisijeni ishongeshejwe mu buryo budakwiye, hamwe n’ingaruka nyinshi z’ubuhinzi. Muri urwo rwego, ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bya ogisijeni ishongeshejwe mu buryo bw’amatara byagaragaye, buhoro buhoro bisimbura ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bisanzwe bifite akamaro ko gukora neza cyane, kudakoresha neza, no gukurikirana mu gihe nyacyo, bikaba ibikoresho by’ingenzi mu burobyi bwa none bw’ubwenge. Iyi nkuru itanga isesengura ryimbitse ry’uburyo ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bya ogisijeni ishongeshejwe mu gukemura ibibazo by’inganda binyuze mu guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, bigaragaza imikorere yabyo ihebuje mu kunoza imikorere y’ubuhinzi no kugabanya ibyago binyuze mu manza zifatika, kandi bigasuzuma amahirwe menshi y’iri koranabuhanga mu guteza imbere impinduka mu buryo bw’ubwenge mu bworozi bw’amatara.
Ingingo z'ububabare mu nganda: Inzitizi z'uburyo gakondo bwo kugenzura umwuka wa ogisijeni ushongeshejwe
Inganda z’ubworozi bw’amafi zimaze igihe kinini zihura n’imbogamizi zikomeye mu kugenzura umwuka wa ogisijeni ushongeshejwe, ibyo bikaba bigira ingaruka ku iterambere ry’ubuhinzi n’inyungu z’ubukungu. Mu buryo gakondo bw’ubuhinzi, abahinzi bakunze kwishingikiriza ku igenzura ry’ibidendezi n’uburambe kugira ngo bapime urugero rwa ogisijeni ushongeshejwe mu mazi, uburyo butarimo ubushobozi gusa ahubwo bunagira ingaruka ku gutinda gukomeye. Abahinzi b’inararibonye bashobora gusuzuma ikibazo cy’umwuka ushongeshejwe mu buryo butaziguye bareba imyitwarire y’amafi ku buso cyangwa impinduka mu mirire, ariko mu gihe ibi bimenyetso bigaragaye, akenshi igihombo kidasubirwaho kiba cyaramaze kugaragara. Imibare y’inganda igaragaza ko mu mirima gakondo idafite uburyo bwo kugenzura bushishoje, urupfu rw’amafi ruterwa no kubura umwuka ushongeshejwe rushobora kugera kuri 5%.
Utwuma tw’umwuka wa ogisijeni twashongeshejwe n’amashanyarazi, nk’uko bigaragazwa n’ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura ryakozwe mu bihe byashize, twongereye uburyo bwo gukurikirana neza ku rugero runaka ariko turacyafite imbogamizi nyinshi. Utwuma tw’umwuka dukenera gusimbuza membrane na electrolyte kenshi, bigatuma habaho ikiguzi kinini cyo kubungabunga. Byongeye kandi, dufite ibisabwa bikomeye ku muvuduko w’amazi, kandi ibipimo mu mazi adahinduka bishobora kwangirika. Ikirenzeho, utwuma tw’umwuka wa ogisijeni duhura n’ibimenyetso bihindagurika mu gihe cy’igihe kirekire kandi bisaba gupima buri gihe kugira ngo amakuru abe meza, bigashyira umutwaro w’inyongera ku micungire y’ubuhinzi bwa buri munsi.
Impinduka zitunguranye mu bwiza bw'amazi ni "ibyica bitagaragara" mu bworozi bw'amafi, kandi ihindagurika rikomeye rya ogisijeni ishongeshejwe akenshi ni ibimenyetso bya mbere by'uko ubuziranenge bw'amazi bwangiritse. Mu bihe by'ubushyuhe cyangwa impinduka zitunguranye z'ikirere, urugero rwa ogisijeni ishongeshejwe mu mazi rushobora kugabanuka cyane mu gihe gito, bigatuma bigorana uburyo gakondo bwo gukurikirana izi mpinduka mu gihe gito. Urugero rusanzwe rwabaye mu kigo cy'ubuhinzi bw'amafi cya Baitan Lake mu Mujyi wa Huanggang, mu Ntara ya Hubei: bitewe no kunanirwa kubona vuba urugero rudasanzwe rwa ogisijeni ishongeshejwe, ikintu gitunguranye cyateye igihombo hafi ya cyose mu byuzi by'amafi byinshi, bigatera igihombo cy'ubukungu kirenga miliyoni imwe y'amayuan. Ibintu nk'ibi bikunze kubaho mu gihugu hose, bigaragaza inenge z'uburyo gakondo bwo kugenzura ogisijeni ishongeshejwe.
Guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gukurikirana umwuka wa ogisijeni ushongeshejwe ntabwo bikiri mu kunoza imikorere y'ubuhinzi gusa, ahubwo binareba iterambere rirambye ry'inganda zose. Uko ubucucike bw'ubuhinzi bukomeza kwiyongera n'ibikenewe mu bidukikije birushaho kuba bibi, icyifuzo cy'inganda cyo kugenzura umwuka wa ogisijeni ushongeshejwe neza, mu gihe nyacyo, kandi udakenera kwitabwaho cyane kirimo kwiyongera cyane. Ni muri urwo rwego, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga byo kugenzura umwuka wa ogisijeni ushongeshejwe, hamwe n'inyungu zabyo zidasanzwe mu bya tekiniki, byagiye byinjira buhoro buhoro mu rwego rw'icyerekezo cy'inganda z'ubworozi bw'amafi kandi bitangira guhindura uburyo inganda zikoresha mu gucunga ubuziranenge bw'amazi.
Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga: Amahame y'imikorere n'ibyiza by'ingenzi bya sensors z'urumuri
Ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi rya sensors za okisijeni zishongeshejwe n'urumuri rishingiye ku ihame ryo kuzimya amashanyarazi, uburyo bushya bwo gupima bwahinduye burundu uburyo gakondo bwo kugenzura okisijeni zishongeshejwe. Iyo urumuri rw'ubururu rutangwa na sensor rutanga urumuri rwihariye rwa fluorescent, ibikoresho birashyuha kandi bigatanga urumuri rutukura. Molekile za okisijeni zifite ubushobozi bwihariye bwo gutwara ingufu (zigatanga ingaruka zo kuzimya), bityo ubukana n'igihe urumuri rutukura rusohoka bingana mu buryo bunyuranye n'ubwinshi bwa molekile za okisijeni mu mazi. Mu gupima neza itandukaniro riri hagati y'urumuri rutukura rushongeshejwe n'urumuri rw'icyitegererezo no kurugereranya n'agaciro k'imbere mu gupima, sensor ishobora kubara neza ubwinshi bwa okisijeni mu mazi. Iyi nzira y'umubiri nta bisubizo bya shimi bikubiyemo, birinda ingorane nyinshi z'uburyo gakondo bwa elegitoroniki.
Ugereranije n’ibikoresho bisanzwe by’amashanyarazi, ibikoresho by’umwuka wa ogisijeni bishongeshejwe bigaragaza inyungu za tekiniki. Icya mbere ni imiterere yabyo idakoresha ogisijeni, bivuze ko nta byangombwa byihariye bifite ku muvuduko w’amazi cyangwa kwivumbagatanya, bigatuma bibera ahantu hatandukanye ho guhinga—byaba ibyuzi bitagira amazi cyangwa ibigega bishongeshejwe bishobora gutanga ibisubizo nyabyo byo gupima. Icya kabiri ni imikorere yabyo ihebuje yo gupima: ibikoresho bishya by’umwuka bishobora kugera ku gihe cyo gusubiza munsi y’amasegonda 30 n’ubunyangamugayo bwa ± 0.1 mg/L, bigatuma bibasha gufata impinduka nto muri ogisijeni ishongeshejwe. Byongeye kandi, ibi bikoresho bisanzwe bifite imiterere ya voltage nini (DC 10-30V) kandi bifite imiyoboro y’itumanaho ya RS485 ishyigikira protocole ya MODBUS RTU, bigatuma byoroha kubihuza na sisitemu zitandukanye zo kugenzura.
Gukoresha igihe kirekire nta kubungabunga ni kimwe mu bintu bizwi cyane mu byuma bipima umwuka wa ogisijeni mu bahinzi. Ibikoresho bisanzwe bipima umwuka wa ogisijeni bisaba gusimbuza membrane na electrolyte buri gihe, mu gihe ibipimo bipima urumuri bikuraho burundu ibi bikoresho, bimara igihe kirenga umwaka umwe, bigabanya cyane ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga buri munsi n'akazi kenshi. Umuyobozi wa tekiniki w'ikigo kinini cy'ubworozi bw'amafi gisubiramo amazi i Shandong yagize ati: “Kuva twahindura tukajya mu byuma bipima umwuka wa ogisijeni mu mazi, abakozi bacu bashinzwe kubungabunga amazi bazigamye amasaha agera kuri 20 buri kwezi mu kubungabunga ibyuma, kandi uburyo amakuru ahagaze bwarushijeho kuba bwiza. Ntitugomba guhangayikishwa n'amakuru atari yo aterwa no guhindagurika kw'ibipimo.”
Mu bijyanye n'imiterere y'ibikoresho, sensor za ogisijeni zigezweho zikozwe mu buryo bw'urumuri zisuzuma neza imiterere yihariye y'ibidukikije byo mu mazi. Udukingirizo two ku rwego rwo hejuru (dukunze kugera kuri IP68) tubuza amazi kwinjira burundu, kandi hasi hakozwe mu cyuma 316 kidashonga, bitanga ubudahangarwa bw'igihe kirekire ku munyu na kwangirika kwa alkali. Inyenyeri akenshi zifite imiyoboro ya NPT3/4 kugira ngo byoroshye gushyiraho no gufunga, ndetse n'imiyoboro idapfa amazi kugira ngo ihuze n'ibikenewe mu bujyakuzimu butandukanye. Ibi bisobanuro birambuye by'imiterere byemeza ko sensor zizewe kandi ziramba mu bidukikije bigoye guhinga.
Ikigaragara ni uko kongeramo imikorere y’ubwenge byarushijeho kunoza imikorere y’ibikoresho byo gupima umwuka wa ogisijeni ushongeshejwe. Uburyo bwinshi bushya bufite ibikoresho byo kohereza ubushyuhe byubatswemo bifite uburyo bwo kwishyura ubushyuhe bwikora, bigabanya amakosa yo gupima aterwa no guhinduka k’ubushyuhe bw’amazi. Bimwe mu bicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bishobora no kohereza amakuru mu gihe nyacyo binyuze kuri Bluetooth cyangwa Wi-Fi kuri porogaramu za telefoni cyangwa urubuga rwo mu bicu, bigatuma habaho kugenzura kure no kubaza amakuru y’amateka. Iyo urugero rwa ogisijeni ushongeshejwe rurenze urugero rw’umutekano, sisitemu yohereza ubutumwa ako kanya binyuze kuri telefoni zigendanwa, ubutumwa bugufi, cyangwa ubutumwa bw’ijwi. Uru rubuga rw’ikoranabuhanga rutuma abahinzi bahora bamenye amakuru ajyanye n’imiterere y’amazi no gufata ingamba ku gihe, ndetse no mu gihe batari mu rugo.
Iri terambere ry’iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima umwuka wa ogisijeni rikozwe mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga ntirikemura gusa ibibazo by’uburyo gakondo bwo gukurikirana, ahubwo rinatanga inkunga yizewe y’amakuru yo gucunga neza ubworozi bw’amafi, rikaba ari inkingi z’ingenzi mu ikoranabuhanga mu guteza imbere iterambere ry’inganda rigana ku bwenge no ku buryo bunoze.
Ibisubizo by'Ikoreshwa: Uburyo Ibikoresho by'Ikoranabuhanga Byongera Imikorere myiza mu Buhinzi
Utwuma dupima umwuka wa ogisijeni twashongeshejwe twageze ku musaruro utangaje mu bikorwa byo korora amafi, agaciro kabyo kemejwe mu buryo butandukanye, kuva ku gukumira impfu nyinshi kugeza ku kongera umusaruro n'ubwiza. Urugero rugaragara cyane ni Ikigo cy'Ubuhinzi bw'Amafi cya Baitan mu Karere ka Huangzhou, Umujyi wa Huanggang, Intara ya Hubei, aho hubatswe utwuma umunani twa dogere 360 dupima ikirere cyose hamwe n'utwuma dupima umwuka wa ogisijeni twashongeshejwe, dutwikiriye hegitari 2.000 z'amazi mu byuzi 56 by'amafi. Umutekinisiye Cao Jian yasobanuye ati: “Binyuze mu makuru akurikirana mu buryo bwihuse kuri ecran z'ikoranabuhanga, dushobora guhita tubona ibitagenda neza. Urugero, iyo urugero rwa ogisijeni yashongeshejwe muri Monitoring Point 1 rugaragaza 1.07 mg/L, nubwo ubunararibonye bushobora kugaragaza ko ari ikibazo cy'ubushakashatsi, turacyamenyesha abahinzi vuba vuba kugira ngo barebe neza, barebe neza umutekano usesuye.” Ubu buryo bwo gukurikirana mu buryo bwihuse bwafashije ikigo kwirinda impanuka nyinshi zo mu byuzi ziterwa no kubura umwuka mwinshi. Umurobyi w’inararibonye Liu Yuming yagize ati: “Mu bihe byashize, twahangayikishwaga n’ibura ry’amazi mu mubiri igihe cyose imvura yagwaga kandi ntitwashoboraga gusinzira neza nijoro. Ubu, dukoresheje aya 'maso y’ikoranabuhanga', abatekinisiye baratumenyesha amakuru adasanzwe, bigatuma dufata ingamba zo kwirinda hakiri kare.”
Mu buhinzi bukorerwamo ubucucike bwinshi, ibikoresho by’umwuka bishongeshejwe n’amatara bigira uruhare runini kurushaho. Inyigo yakozwe n’ububiko bw’amafi bwa digitale "Future Farm" i Huzhou, muri Zhejiang, igaragaza ko mu kigega cya metero kare 28 gitwara hafi 3.000 by’amafi yo muri California (amafi agera ku 6.000)—bingana n’ubucucike bwa hegitari imwe mu byuzi gakondo—imicungire ya ogisijeni ishongeshejwe iba ikibazo gikomeye. Binyuze mu kugenzura mu buryo bufatika hakoreshejwe ibikoresho by’umwuka bishongeshejwe n’uburyo bw’umwuka buhuriweho, ububiko bw’amafi bwagabanyije neza impfu z’amafi kuva kuri 5% mu bihe byashize kugera kuri 0.1%, mu gihe bwongereye umusaruro ku kigero cya 10%-20% kuri buri mwaka. Umuhanga mu by’ubuhinzi Chen Yunxiang yagize ati: “Tudafite amakuru nyayo ya ogisijeni ishongeshejwe, ntitwatinyuka kugerageza ubucucike bwinshi nk’ubwo bw’amafi.”
Uduce two korora amazi mu mazi (RAS) ni akandi gace k'ingenzi aho ibikoresho byo korora umwuka mu mazi bigaragaza akamaro kabyo. Ikigo “Blue Seed Industry Silicon Valley” kiri mu kibaya cya Laizhou, muri Shandong, cyubatse ikigo cya RAS gifite ubuso bwa hegitari 768 gifite ibigega 96 by'ubuhinzi bitanga toni 300 z'amafi meza buri mwaka, bikoresha amazi make kuri 95% ugereranije n'uburyo gakondo. Ikigo cy'ikoranabuhanga cy'iyi sisitemu gikoresha ibikoresho byo korora mu mazi kugira ngo gikurikirane pH, ogisijeni yashongeshejwe, umunyu, n'ibindi bimenyetso muri buri kigega mu gihe nyacyo, bigakoresha umwuka mu buryo bwikora iyo ogisijeni yashongeshejwe igabanutse munsi ya 6 mg/L. Umuyobozi w'umushinga yasobanuye agira ati: “Amoko nka korali y'ingwe akunda cyane impinduka za ogisijeni yashongeshejwe, bigatuma uburyo gakondo bugorana kuzuza ibyo bakeneye mu buhinzi. Gukurikirana neza ibikoresho byo korora mu mazi byatumye turushaho gutera imbere mu korora mu buryo bwuzuye.” Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ikigo cy'ubworozi mu butayu bwa Gobi bwa Aksu, Xinjiang, cyahinze neza ibiryo byo mu mazi byiza cyane mu gihugu, kure y'inyanja, bituma habaho igitangaza cy' “ibiryo byo mu mazi bivuye mu butayu,” byose tubikesha ikoranabuhanga ry'ibikoresho byo korora mu mazi.
Gukoresha ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi bya okisijeni byashongeshejwe n’urumuri byanatumye habaho iterambere rikomeye mu mikorere myiza y’ubukungu. Liu Yuming, umuhinzi wo mu kigo cy’ikiyaga cya Baitan i Huanggang, yavuze ko nyuma yo gukoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura bw’ubwenge, ibyuzi bye by’amafi bifite ubuso bwa hegitari 24.8 byatanze umusaruro w’amazi arenga 40.000, kimwe cya gatatu cy’umwaka ushize. Dukurikije imibare y’ikigo kinini cy’ubworozi bw’amafi i Shandong, ingamba nyazo zo guhumeka ziyobowe n’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi byagabanyije ikiguzi cy’amashanyarazi ku kigero cya 30% mu gihe binongera igipimo cyo guhindura ibiryo ku kigero cya 15%, bigatuma ikiguzi cy’umusaruro kigabanukaho 800-1.000 Yuan kuri toni y’amafi.
Dushobora kandi gutanga ibisubizo bitandukanye kuri
1. Igipimo gifata mu ntoki cy'ubwiza bw'amazi gifite ibipimo byinshi
2. Sisitemu yo gukamura amazi mu mazi ikoresha imiterere myinshi
3. Uburoso bwo gusukura bwikora ku buryo bwikora ku buryo bworoshye bw'amazi bukoresha parameter nyinshi
4. Seti yuzuye ya seriveri na porogaramu ya module idafite umugozi, ishyigikira RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN
Kugira ngo ubone sensor y'ubuziranenge bw'amazi amakuru,
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-07-2025