Bitewe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’ikoranabuhanga nka interineti y’ibintu n’ubwenge bw’ubukorano, sensor za gaze, igikoresho cy’ingenzi cyo kumenya kizwi nka "ibyumviro bitanu by’amashanyarazi", kirimo kwakira amahirwe y’iterambere ritigeze ribaho. Kuva ku igenzura rya mbere ry’imyuka ihumanya n’iy’inganda kugeza ku ikoreshwa ryayo ryagutse mu gusuzuma indwara, mu rugo rugezweho, mu igenzura ry’ibidukikije n’ahandi muri iki gihe, ikoranabuhanga ryo kumenya gazi ririmo guhinduka cyane kuva ku gikorwa kimwe kugera ku bwenge, miniaturization no mu buryo bwinshi. Iyi nkuru izasesengura byimbitse imiterere ya tekiniki, iterambere riheruka ry’ubushakashatsi n’uko sensor za gaze zikoreshwa ku isi hose, hibandwa cyane cyane ku iterambere ririmo mu rwego rwo kugenzura gazi mu bihugu nk’Ubushinwa na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
Imiterere ya tekiniki n'iterambere ry'ibikoresho by'ingufu
Nk'igikoresho gihindura ingano y'umwuka runaka kikawuhindura ikimenyetso cy'amashanyarazi gihuye, icyo cyuma gipima umwuka cyabaye ikintu cy'ingenzi kandi cy'ingenzi mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo kumenya. Ubu bwoko bw'ibikoresho butunganya ingero za gazi binyuze mu mitwe yo kumenya, akenshi harimo intambwe nko kuyungurura imyanda n'imyuka ivangavanga, kumisha cyangwa gukonjesha, hanyuma bigahindura amakuru y'ubwinshi bw'umwuka mu bimenyetso by'amashanyarazi bipimwa. Kuri ubu, hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho bipima gazi ku isoko, harimo ubwoko bwa semiconductor, ubwoko bwa electrochemical, ubwoko bwa catalytic combustion, sensors za infrared gas na photoionization (PID), nibindi. Buri kimwe muri byo gifite imiterere yacyo kandi gikoreshwa cyane mu bushakashatsi bw'ibikorwa bya leta, inganda n'ibidukikije.
Gutuza no kumva neza ni ibipimo bibiri by'ingenzi byo gusuzuma imikorere ya sensor za gaze. Gutuza bivuga kugumana igisubizo cy'ibanze cya sensor mu gihe cyose cy'akazi kayo, biterwa na zeru guhindagurika no guhindagurika hagati y'igihe. Byiza, kuri sensors nziza mu bihe by'akazi gahoraho, zeru guhindagurika buri mwaka bigomba kuba munsi ya 10%. Ubushobozi bwo kumva neza bugomba kuba buri munsi ya 10%. Ubushobozi bwo kumva neza bugomba kuba buri munsi y'igipimo cy'impinduka mu musaruro wa sensor ugereranije n'impinduka mu byinjizwa byapimwe. Ubushobozi bwo kumva neza ubwoko butandukanye bwa sensors buratandukanye cyane, ahanini bitewe n'amahame ya tekiniki n'uburyo bakoresha mu guhitamo ibikoresho. Byongeye kandi, guhitamo neza (ni ukuvuga uburyo bwo kumva neza) no kwirinda kwangirika nabyo ni ibipimo by'ingenzi mu gusuzuma imikorere ya sensor za gaze. Iya mbere igena ubushobozi bwo kumenya sensor mu kirere cy'imyuka ivanze, mu gihe iya nyuma ifitanye isano no kwihanganira sensor mu myuka ifite imbaraga nyinshi.
Iterambere ririho ubu ry’ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima gazi rigaragaza ibintu byinshi bifatika. Mbere na mbere, ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’ibikoresho bishya n’imikorere mishya byakomeje kwiyongera. Ibikoresho gakondo bya semiconductor bya okiside y’icyuma nka ZnO, SiO₂, Fe₂O₃, nibindi byakuze. Abashakashatsi barimo gusya, guhindura no guhindura ubuso bw’ibikoresho bisanzwe birwanya gazi binyuze mu buryo bwo guhindura imiti, no kunoza uburyo bwo gukora filime icyarimwe kugira ngo bongere ubushobozi bwo gupima no guhitamo ibyuma. Hagati aho, iterambere ry’ibikoresho bishya nk’ibikoresho bivanze n’ibivanze birwanya gazi hamwe n’ibikoresho birwanya gazi ya polymer nabyo birimo gutezwa imbere cyane. Ibi bikoresho bigaragaza ubushobozi bwo gupima, guhitamo no kudahinduka ku byuka bitandukanye.
Ubwenge bw'ibipimo by'amashanyarazi ni ikindi cyerekezo cy'ingenzi cy'iterambere. Hamwe n'ikoreshwa ryiza ry'ikoranabuhanga rishya nk'ikoranabuhanga rya nanotechnology n'ikoranabuhanga rya thin-film, ibipimo by'amashanyarazi birimo kwiyongera no kuba abahanga. Binyuze mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryimbitse ry'ibipimo bitandukanye nka ikoranabuhanga rya micro-mechanical na microelectronics, ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa, ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya ibimenyetso, ikoranabuhanga rya sensor, n'ikoranabuhanga ryo gusuzuma amakosa, abashakashatsi barimo gukora ibipimo by'amashanyarazi by'ikoranabuhanga byikora byikora bishobora kugenzura icyarimwe imyuka myinshi. Ibipimo by'amashanyarazi bihindagurika mu buryo bwa multivariable biherutse gukorwa n'itsinda ry'abashakashatsi rya Porofeseri Yi Jianxin wo muri Laboratwari Nkuru ya Leta y'Ubumenyi bw'Umuriro muri Kaminuza y'Ubumenyi n'Ikoranabuhanga y'Ubushinwa ni ikimenyetso gisanzwe cy'iyi nzira. Ibi bipimo by'amashanyarazi bigenzura neza imyuka myinshi n'imiterere y'umuriro hakoreshejwe igikoresho kimwe 59.
Gushyira hamwe no kunoza algorithm nabyo birimo kwitabwaho cyane. Bitewe n'ikibazo cy'uburyo sensor imwe ya gaze ikora neza, ikunze kwibasirwa iyo imyuka myinshi ihari icyarimwe. Gukoresha sensor nyinshi za gaze kugira ngo hakorwe urutonde byabaye igisubizo cyiza cyo kunoza ubushobozi bwo kumenya. Mu kongera ingano ya gaze yabonetse, sensor ishobora kubona ibimenyetso byinshi, ibyo bikaba byiza mu gusuzuma ibipimo byinshi no kunoza ubushobozi bwo gusuzuma no kumenya. Ariko, uko umubare wa sensor muri urwo rutonde wiyongera, imiterere y'amakuru nayo irazamuka. Kubwibyo, kunoza urutonde rwa sensor ni ingenzi cyane. Mu kunoza urutonde, uburyo nka coefficient y'imikoranire n'isesengura rya cluster bukoreshwa cyane, mu gihe algorithms zo kumenya gaze nka Principal Component Analysis (PCA) na artificial neural Network (ANN) zongereye cyane ubushobozi bwo kumenya imiterere ya sensor.
Imbonerahamwe: Igereranya ry'imikorere y'ubwoko bw'ingenzi bw'ibikoresho bipima gazi
Ubwoko bw'ibyuma bipima, ihame ry'imikorere, ibyiza n'ibibi, igihe gisanzwe cyo kubaho
Gushyira umwuka mu bwoko bwa semiconductor bifite ikiguzi gito mu guhindura ubushobozi bwa semiconductors, gusubiza vuba, guhitamo nabi, kandi bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bushyuhe n'ubushuhe mu gihe cy'imyaka 2-3.
Gazi ya elegitoroniki inyura mu bikorwa bya REDOX kugira ngo ikore ingufu z'amashanyarazi, zifite ubushobozi bwo guhitamo neza no kumva neza. Ariko, electrolyte ifite ubusaza buke kandi imara imyaka 1-2 (kuri electrolyte y'amazi).
Gutwika gaze ishobora gushya mu buryo bwa catalytic bitera impinduka mu bushyuhe. Yagenewe by'umwihariko gupima gaze ishobora gushya kandi ikoreshwa gusa kuri gaze ishobora gushya mu gihe cy'imyaka itatu.
Imyuka ya infrared ifite ubuhanga bwo gukurura urumuri rwa infrared rw'uburebure runaka, ntabwo itera uburozi, ahubwo ihenze cyane kandi ifite ingano nini mu gihe cy'imyaka 5 kugeza ku 10.
Gupima imirasire ya ultraviolet (PID) kugira ngo hamenyekane molecule za gaze za VOC bifite ubushobozi bwo kumenya ibintu byinshi kandi ntibishobora gutandukanya ubwoko bw'ibintu mu gihe cy'imyaka 3 kugeza kuri 5.
Ni ngombwa kumenya ko nubwo ikoranabuhanga rya gaze sensor ryateye imbere cyane, riracyahura n'imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe. Igihe cy'ubuzima bwa sensors kigabanya ikoreshwa ryazo mu nzego zimwe na zimwe. Urugero, igihe cy'ubuzima bwa sensors za semiconductor ni hagati y'imyaka 2 na 3, igihe cy'ubuzima bwa sensors za gaze za electrochemical ni hagati y'umwaka 1 na 2 bitewe n'ibura rya electrolyte, mu gihe igihe cy'ibikoresho bya electrochemical bya electrochemical bishobora kugera ku myaka 5. Byongeye kandi, ibibazo byo guhindagurika (impinduka mu gusubiza sensor uko igihe kigenda) n'ibibazo byo guhuza (itandukaniro mu mikorere hagati ya sensors mu itsinda rimwe) nabyo ni ibintu by'ingenzi bibangamira ikoreshwa rya sensors za gaze. Mu gusubiza ibi bibazo, abashakashatsi, ku ruhande rumwe, biyemeje kunoza ibikoresho bya gazi n'imikorere yo gukora, kandi ku rundi ruhande, barimo kwishyura cyangwa guhagarika ingaruka za sensor drift ku bipimo binyuze mu gukora algorithms zigezweho zo gutunganya amakuru.
Uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha ibikoresho bipima gazi
Ikoranabuhanga rya "sensor gas" ryagiye rikwirakwira mu bice byose by'imibereho y'abaturage. Uburyo rikoreshwa ryaryo ryarenze igihe kinini uburyo bwo kugenzura umutekano w'inganda busanzwe kandi ririmo kwaguka vuba mu nzego nyinshi nko mu buzima bw'ubuvuzi, kugenzura ibidukikije, mu ngo zigezweho, no mu mutekano w'ibiribwa. Iyi gahunda y'ikoreshwa ry'ibintu bitandukanye ntabwo igaragaza gusa amahirwe aturuka ku iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ahubwo inagaragaza ubwiyongere bw'ubukungu mu baturage bwo gushakisha gaze.
Igenzura ry'umutekano w'inganda n'ingufu zihumanya ikirere
Mu rwego rw'umutekano w'inganda, ibikoresho bipima gazi bigira uruhare rudasimburwa, cyane cyane mu nganda zishobora guhura n'ibibazo bikomeye nko mu buhanga mu by'ubutabire, peteroli, n'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro. "Gahunda ya 14 y'imyaka itanu y'Ubushinwa yo gukora imiti ihumanya ikirere" irasaba ko pariki z'inganda zikoresha imiti ihumanya ikirere zishyiraho uburyo burambuye bwo kugenzura no gutanga amakuru hakiri kare ku myuka ihumanya ikirere no guteza imbere iyubakwa ry'ibikoresho bikoresha ubwenge byo kugenzura ingaruka. "Gahunda y'ibikorwa by'umutekano w'inganda hamwe n'akazi" ishishikariza kandi pariki gushyiraho ibikoresho bipima gazi bya interineti n'ibikoresho bisesengura ubuhanga bwo gukora igenzura kugira ngo hagerwe ku igenzura ryihuse no guhangana n'ingaruka nk'ibyuka biva mu gaze. Izi ngamba za politiki zateje imbere cyane ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho bipima gazi mu rwego rw'umutekano w'inganda.
Sisitemu zigezweho zo kugenzura imyuka mu nganda zakoze inzira zitandukanye za tekiniki. Ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima gazi mu bicu rigaragaza imyuka isohoka mu buryo bugaragara rigaragaza ubwinshi bwa gazi nk'impinduka mu rugero rwa pixel gray ku ishusho. Ubushobozi bwo kuyimenya bufitanye isano n'ibintu nk'ubwinshi n'ingano ya gazi isohoka, itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe bw'inyuma, n'intera yo kuyigenzura. Ikoranabuhanga rya Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy rishobora gukurikirana ubwoko bw'imyuka irenga 500 mu buryo bw'ubuziranenge n'ubunini harimo iy'ibinyabutabire, iy'umwimerere, iy'uburozi n'iyangiza, kandi rishobora gusuzuma ubwoko 30 bwa gazi icyarimwe. Rikwiriye ibisabwa mu kugenzura gazi mu nganda zikora imiti. Iri koranabuhanga rigezweho, iyo rihujwe n'ibikoresho bisanzwe byo kugenzura gazi, rikora urusobe rw'igenzura ry'umutekano wa gazi mu nganda mu rwego rw'ibipimo byinshi.
Ku rwego rw’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’iyi gahunda, uburyo bwo kugenzura imyuka mu nganda bugomba kubahiriza amahame ngenderwaho y’igihugu n’amahanga. “Amahame ngenderwaho yo Gupima no Gutanga Impumuro ku Myuka Ishobora Gutwika n’Ishobora Gutwika mu Nganda za Peteroli” GB 50493-2019 n’ “Ibisobanuro Rusange bya Tekiniki byo Gukurikirana Umutekano w’Inkomoko y’Inganda Zishobora Gutwika” AQ 3035-2010 bitanga ibisobanuro bya tekiniki byo kugenzura imyuka mu nganda 26. Ku rwego mpuzamahanga, OSHA (Ikigo cy’Umutekano n’Ubuzima mu Kazi cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika) yashyizeho umurongo ngenderwaho wo kugenzura imyuka, isaba kumenya imyuka mbere yo gukora ahantu hafunganye no kugenzura ko ubwinshi bw’imyuka yangiza mu kirere buri munsi y’urugero rw’umutekano rwa 610. Amahame ngenderwaho ya NFPA (Ishyirahamwe ry’Igihugu Rishinzwe Kurinda Inkongi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika), nka NFPA 72 na NFPA 54, atanga ibisabwa byihariye byo kumenya imyuka ishobora gutwika n’imyuka yangiza 610.
Gusuzuma ubuzima n'indwara mu buvuzi
Urwego rw'ubuvuzi n'ubuzima rurimo kuba rumwe mu masoko meza cyane yo gukoresha ibikoresho bipima umwuka. Imyuka isohoka mu mubiri w'umuntu irimo umubare munini w'ibimenyetso bipima umwuka bifitanye isano n'ubuzima. Mu kumenya ibi bimenyetso bipima umwuka, gusuzuma indwara hakiri kare no gukurikirana indwara buri gihe bishobora kugerwaho. Igikoresho cyo gupima umwuka uhumeka cyakozwe n'itsinda rya Dr. Wang Di ryo muri Zhejiang Laboratory's Super Perception Research Center ni cyo gisanzwe gihagarariye iyi porogaramu. Iki gikoresho gikoresha uburyo bwa colorimetric kugira ngo gipime ingano ya acetone mu mwuka umuntu ahumeka binyuze mu kumenya impinduka z'ibara ry'ibintu bishobora kwanduzwa n'umwuka, bityo kikabona diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 vuba kandi nta bubabare.
Iyo urugero rwa insuline mu mubiri w'umuntu ruri hasi, ntabwo rushobora guhindura glucose mo ingufu ahubwo rugasenya ibinure. Nk'imwe mu misaruro nyuma yo gushwanyagurika kw'ibinure, acetone isohoka mu mubiri binyuze mu guhumeka. Dr. Wang Di yasobanuye 1. Ugereranyije n'ibipimo bisanzwe by'amaraso, ubu buryo bwo gupima umwuka butanga uburambe bwiza bwo gusuzuma no kuvura. Byongeye kandi, itsinda ririmo gukora sensor ya acetone "isohora buri munsi". Iki gikoresho gihendutse gishobora kwambarwa gishobora gupima mu buryo bwikora imyuka ya acetone iva mu ruhu amasaha yose. Mu gihe kizaza, iyo gihujwe n'ikoranabuhanga ry'ubwenge bw'ubukorano, gishobora gufasha mu gusuzuma, gukurikirana no gutanga amabwiriza ku miti ya diyabete.
Uretse diyabete, ibikoresho bipima imyuka bigaragaza ubushobozi bukomeye mu gucunga indwara zidakira no gukurikirana indwara z'ubuhumekero. Uburyo bwo gupima imyuka ya karubone ni ingenzi mu gusuzuma uko umwuka uhumeka mu bihaha by'abarwayi uhagaze, mu gihe uburyo ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe bipima imyuka bigaragaza uko indwara zidakira zigenda zitera. Ubusanzwe, gusobanura aya makuru byasabaga uruhare rw'abakozi b'abaganga. Ariko, hamwe no kongerera imbaraga ikoranabuhanga ry'ubwenge bw'ubukorano, ibikoresho bipima imyuka by'ubwenge ntibishobora gusa kumenya imyuka no gukurura imyuka, ahubwo binagaragaza urwego rw'indwara, bigabanura cyane igitutu ku bakozi b'abaganga.
Mu rwego rw'ibikoresho byo kwambara mu buzima, ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho byo mu rugo biracyari mu ntangiriro, ariko amahirwe ni menshi. Abashakashatsi bo muri Zhuhai Gree Electric Appliances bagaragaje ko nubwo ibikoresho byo mu rugo bitandukanye n'ibikoresho byo kwa muganga bifite imikorere yo gusuzuma indwara, mu rwego rwo kugenzura ubuzima bwo mu rugo buri munsi, ibikoresho byo mu rugo bifite ibyiza nko kugabanuka kw'ibiciro, kudatera indwara no kuzigabanya, bigatuma byitezwe ko bizagaragara cyane mu bikoresho byo mu rugo nk'ibikoresho byo mu kanwa n'ubwiherero bugezweho nk'uburyo bw'inyongera bwo gukurikirana no gukurikirana mu gihe nyacyo. Kubera ko ubwiyongere bw'ubukene bw'ubuzima bwo mu rugo bukomeje kwiyongera, gukurikirana uko ubuzima bw'abantu buhagaze binyuze mu bikoresho byo mu rugo bizaba icyerekezo cy'ingenzi mu iterambere ry'amazu agezweho.
Gukurikirana ibidukikije no gukumira no kugenzura ihumana ry'ibidukikije
Gukurikirana ibidukikije ni kimwe mu bintu bikoreshwa cyane mu gupima imyuka. Uko imbaraga zishyirwa mu bikorwa ku rwego rw'isi mu kubungabunga ibidukikije zikomeza kwiyongera, icyifuzo cyo kugenzura imyuka itandukanye ihumanya ikirere nacyo kiriyongera umunsi ku wundi. Gupima imyuka bishobora gutahura imyuka yangiza nka monoxide de carbone, dioxyde de sulfur na ozone, bigatanga igikoresho cyiza cyo kugenzura imiterere y'umwuka uturuka ku bidukikije.
Imashini ipima imyuka ya elegitoroniki ya UGT-E4 ya British Gas Shield Company ni igikoresho cy’ingenzi mu bijyanye no kugenzura ibidukikije. Ishobora gupima neza ingano y’imyuka ihumanya ikirere no gutanga ubufasha ku gihe kandi bunoze ku mashami ashinzwe kurengera ibidukikije. Iyi sensor, binyuze mu guhuza n’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ry’amakuru, yageze ku bikorwa nko kugenzura kure, gushyira amakuru mu bubiko, no gutanga amakuru y’ubwenge, byongerera cyane imikorere myiza no koroshya uburyo bwo gutahura imyuka. Abakoresha bashobora gukurikirana impinduka mu bwinshi bw’imyuka igihe icyo ari cyo cyose n’aho ari ho hose bakoresheje telefoni zabo zigendanwa cyangwa mudasobwa, bitanga ishingiro rya siyansi mu gucunga ibidukikije no gushyiraho politiki.
Ku bijyanye no kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'umwuka wo mu nzu, ibikoresho bipima umwuka nabyo bigira uruhare runini. Amahame ngenderwaho ya EN 45544 yashyizweho na Komite y'Uburayi ishinzwe ubuziranenge (EN) ni ay’umwihariko yo gupima ubuziranenge bw'umwuka wo mu nzu kandi akubiyemo ibisabwa mu gupima imyuka yangiza itandukanye 610. Ibikoresho bipima umwuka wa karubone, ibikoresho bipima formaldehyde, nibindi ku isoko bikoreshwa cyane mu ngo z’abaturage, mu nyubako z’ubucuruzi no mu myidagaduro rusange, bifasha abantu gukora ibidukikije byiza kandi byiza byo mu nzu. Cyane cyane mu gihe cy’icyorezo cya COVID-19, guhumeka mu nzu no mu bwiza bw'umwuka byakunze kwitabwaho cyane, birushaho guteza imbere iterambere n’ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga rijyanye n’ibyo bikoresho.
Gukurikirana imyuka ihumanya ikirere ni icyerekezo gishya cyo gukoresha ibikoresho bipima imyuka. Mu gihe cy’ibura ry’imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku isi, kugenzura neza imyuka ihumanya ikirere nka dioxyde de carbone byabaye ingenzi cyane. Ibikoresho bipima imyuka ihumanya ikirere bifite infrared carbon dioxide bifite inyungu zidasanzwe muri uru rwego bitewe n’uburyo bikoresha neza, guhitamo neza no kumara igihe kirekire. "Amabwiriza yo kubaka ahantu hashinzwe kugenzura ingaruka z’umutekano mu nganda zikora imiti" mu Bushinwa yashyize ahagaragara isesengura ry’iyubahirizwa ry’iy’imyuka itwika/ihumanya n’isesengura ry’aho amazi aturuka nk’ibintu by’ingenzi mu bwubatsi, bigaragaza ko urwego rwa politiki rushimangira uruhare rw’iyubahirizwa ry’iy’imyuka mu rwego rwo kurengera ibidukikije.
Umutekano w'urugo n'ibiribwa mu buryo bw'ubwenge
Inzu y'ubwenge ni isoko ry'ibikoresho bitanga serivisi nziza cyane ku bakoresha ibikoresho bitanga serivisi za gaze. Kuri ubu, ibikoresho bitanga serivisi za gaze bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bikoresho byo mu rugo nk'ibikoresho bisukura umwuka n'ibikoresho bitanga umwuka mwiza. Ariko, hamwe no gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwo gukoresha ibikoresho bitanga serivisi na algorithms z'ubwenge, ubushobozi bwabyo mu bintu nko kubungabunga, guteka no gukurikirana ubuzima buri kugenda burushaho kwiyongera.
Mu bijyanye no kubika ibiryo, ibikoresho bipima gazi bishobora gukurikirana impumuro mbi zisohoka mu biribwa mu gihe cyo kubibika kugira ngo bimenye ubushyuhe bw'ibiryo. Ibisubizo by'ubushakashatsi buherutse kugaragaza ko haba hakoreshwa ibikoresho bimwe bipima impumuro mbi cyangwa uburyo bwo kumenya imiterere y'ibiryo, ingaruka nziza zabonetse. Ariko, bitewe n'uburyo bugoye bwo gukoresha firigo (nk'uburyo abakoresha bafungura kandi bagafunga inzugi, gutangiza no guhagarika compressors, no gutembera k'umwuka imbere mu mubiri, nibindi), ndetse n'ingaruka z'imyuka itandukanye ituruka mu biribwa, haracyari umwanya wo kunoza uburyo bwo kumenya ubushyuhe bw'ibiryo.
Uburyo bwo guteka ni ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi ku bikoresho bipima gazi. Hari amagana y'ibintu bipima gazi bikorerwa mu gihe cyo guteka, harimo ibintu bito, alkane, ibintu bihumura neza, aldehyde, ketone, alkoholi, alkene n'ibindi bintu bihumanya ikirere. Muri ubwo buryo bugoye, ibikoresho bipima gazi bigaragaza ibyiza bifatika kuruta ibikoresho bipima gazi bimwe. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ibikoresho bipima gazi bishobora gukoreshwa mu kumenya uko ibiryo bitekwa hashingiwe ku buryo umuntu akunda, cyangwa nk'igikoresho cy'inyongera cyo kugenzura imirire kugira ngo hamenyekane buri gihe uko ibiryo bitekwa. Ariko, ibintu bitekwa nk'ubushyuhe bwinshi, imyuka yo guteka n'umwuka w'amazi bishobora gutuma ibikoresho bipima gazi "bitera uburozi", iki kikaba ari ikibazo cya tekiniki gikwiye gukemurwa.
Mu rwego rw’umutekano w’ibiribwa, ubushakashatsi bw’itsinda rya Wang Di bwagaragaje akamaro gashoboka k’ibikoresho bipima gazi. Bagamije “kumenya imyuka myinshi icyarimwe hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rito rya telefoni zigendanwa”, kandi biyemeje gutanga amakuru y’umutekano w’ibiribwa ku buryo bworoshye. Iki gikoresho gikoresha impumuro nziza gishobora kumenya ibice bihindagurika mu biribwa, kikamenya ubushyuhe n’umutekano w’ibiribwa, kandi kigatanga amakuru ku bakoresha mu gihe nyacyo.
Imbonerahamwe: Ibintu by'ingenzi byo gupima n'imiterere ya tekiniki y'ibikoresho by'ingufu mu nzego zitandukanye zikoreshwa
Ahantu ho gukoresha, ibintu by'ingenzi byo gutahura, ubwoko bw'ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa, imbogamizi za tekiniki, uko ibintu bigenda bitera imbere
Gazi itwika mu buryo bw'umutekano mu nganda, ubwoko bw'ibyuka bihumanya bikoresha amashanyarazi, ubwoko bw'amashanyarazi, uburyo bwo kwihanganira ibidukikije bukabije, gukurikirana aho amazi aturuka.
Asetone yo mu buvuzi n'ubuzima, CO₂, ubwoko bwa semiconductor bwa VOCs, guhitamo ubwoko bwa colorimetric n'uburyo bwo kumva, gusuzuma indwara ishobora kwambarwa kandi ikoresheje ubwenge
Gushyira ahagaragara ikoranabuhanga rirambye no kohereza amakuru mu buryo nyabwo mu rwego rwo kugenzura ibidukikije imyuka ihumanya ikirere n'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere mu buryo bwa infrared na electrochemical
Imyuka ihindagurika mu biryo byo mu rugo, umwotsi wo guteka wo mu bwoko bwa semiconductor, ubushobozi bwa PID bwo kurwanya ihungabana
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-11-2025