Injeniyeri za Kaminuza ya Wisconsin-Madison muri MADISON zakoze ibikoresho byo gupima ubutaka bihendutse

Shuohao Cai, umunyeshuri wiga impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu bumenyi bw'ubutaka, ashyira agakoresho ko gupima ibintu gafite agakoresho gapima ibintu byinshi gatuma bipimwa mu butaka mu bujyakuzimu butandukanye muri Kaminuza ya Wisconsin-Madison Hancock Agricultural Research Station.
MADISON — Injeniyeri za Kaminuza ya Wisconsin-Madison zakoze utwuma duto duhendutse dushobora gutanga igenzura rihoraho rya nitrati mu butaka busanzwe bwa Wisconsin. Utwuma duto duto twacapwe dushobora gufasha abahinzi gufata ibyemezo birambuye ku bijyanye no gucunga intungamubiri no kubona inyungu mu bukungu.
“Ibikoresho byacu byo gupima bishobora guha abahinzi gusobanukirwa neza imiterere y’imirire y’ubutaka bwabo n’ingano ya nitrati iboneka ku bimera byabo, bikabafasha guhitamo neza ingano y’ifumbire bakeneye,” ibi byavuzwe na Joseph Andrews, umwarimu wungirije muri Kaminuza ya Harvard. Ubu bushakashatsi bwayobowe n’Ishuri ry’Ubuhanga mu by’Ubumenyi bw’Imashini muri Kaminuza ya Wisconsin-Madison. “Niba bashobora kugabanya ingano y’ifumbire bagura, kuzigama amafaranga bishobora kuba ingenzi ku mirima minini.”
Nitrate ni intungamubiri y'ingenzi mu gukura kw'ibihingwa, ariko nitrate nyinshi zishobora kuva mu butaka zikinjira mu butaka. Ubu bwoko bw'umwanda bugira ingaruka mbi ku bantu banywa amazi yanduye kandi bugira ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije. Iki cyuma gishya cy'abashakashatsi gishobora kandi gukoreshwa nk'igikoresho cy'ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi mu gukurikirana imyuka ya nitrate no gufasha mu gushyiraho uburyo bwiza bwo kugabanya ingaruka mbi zayo.
Uburyo bugezweho bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge bwa nitrati mu butaka bukoresha imbaraga nyinshi, burahenze, kandi ntibutanga amakuru ku gihe nyacyo. Niyo mpamvu impuguke mu by'ikoranabuhanga ryacapwe Andrews n'itsinda rye bafashe icyemezo cyo gushyiraho igisubizo cyiza kandi gihendutse.
Muri uyu mushinga, abashakashatsi bakoresheje uburyo bwo gucapa inkjet kugira ngo bakore sensor ya potentiometric, ubwoko bwa sensor ya electrochemical ya thin-film. Ibyuma bya potentiometric bikunze gukoreshwa mu gupima neza nitrati mu bisubizo by'amazi. Ariko, ibi byuma muri rusange ntibikwiriye gukoreshwa mu butaka kuko uduce duto tw'ubutaka dushobora gushwanyaguza ibyo byuma bikabuza ibipimo nyabyo.
Andrews yagize ati: “Ikibazo nyamukuru twageragezaga gukemura kwari ugushaka uburyo bwo gutuma izi sensors za electrochemical zikora neza mu butaka bubi no kumenya neza ions za nitrate.”
Umuti w’ikipe kwari ugushyira urwego rwa polyvinylidene fluoride kuri sensor. Nk’uko Andrews abivuga, iki gikoresho gifite imiterere ibiri y’ingenzi. Icya mbere, gifite utwenge duto cyane, tungana nanometero 400, dutuma ioni za nitrate zinyuramo mu gihe zifunga uduce tw’ubutaka. Icya kabiri, gikunda amazi, ni ukuvuga ko gikurura amazi kandi kikayakurura nk’ikiyoga.
“Rero amazi yose akungahaye kuri nitrati azarushaho kwinjira mu byuma byacu bipima amazi, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi cyane kuko ubutaka nabwo bumeze nk'ikirungo kandi uzatsindwa urugamba rwo kubona ubushuhe bwinjira muri sensor niba udashobora kubona amazi amwe. Ubushobozi bw'ubutaka,” Andrews yagize ati. “Izi miterere y'urwego rwa polyvinylidene fluoride idufasha gukuramo amazi akungahaye kuri nitrati, tukayageza ku buso bwa sensor no kumenya neza nitrati.”
Abashakashatsi basobanuye intambwe bagezeho mu nyandiko yasohotse muri Werurwe 2024 mu kinyamakuru Advanced Materials Technology.
Itsinda ryagerageje sensor yabo ku bwoko bubiri butandukanye bw'ubutaka bufitanye isano na Wisconsin—ubutaka bw'umucanga, busanzwe mu majyaruguru yo hagati muri iyo leta, n'ubutaka bw'amazi, busanzwe mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bwa Wisconsin—maze basanga sensor zatanze ibisubizo nyabyo.
Abashakashatsi ubu barimo gushyira sensor yabo ya nitrate muri sisitemu y’ibikoresho byinshi bise "sensor sticker," aho ubwoko butatu butandukanye bw’ibikoresho bishyirwa ku buso bwa pulasitiki bworoshye hakoreshejwe icyuma gifata. Utwo dupapuro kandi tuba turimo sensor z’ubushuhe n’ubushyuhe.
Abashakashatsi bazashyiraho udupapuro twinshi tw’amajwi ku giti, bakabishyira ahantu hatandukanye, hanyuma bakabitwikira mu butaka. Ubu buryo bwabafashije gupima mu bujyakuzimu butandukanye bw’ubutaka.
Andrews yagize ati: “Mu gupima nitrate, ubushuhe n’ubushyuhe mu bujyakuzimu butandukanye, ubu dushobora gupima uburyo nitrate isohoka mu butaka no gusobanukirwa uburyo nitrate inyura mu butaka, ibyo bitashobokaga mbere.”
Mu mpeshyi ya 2024, abashakashatsi barateganya gushyira inkoni 30 z'ibikoresho byo gupima mu butaka kuri sitasiyo y'ubushakashatsi ku buhinzi ya Hancock na sitasiyo y'ubushakashatsi ku buhinzi ya Arlington muri Kaminuza ya Wisconsin-Madison kugira ngo bakomeze kugerageza ibyo bikoresho.