Igipimo cya ogisijeni mu mazi y’umubumbe wacu kirimo kugabanuka cyane kandi vuba cyane—kuva mu bidendezi kugera mu nyanja. Gutakaza ogisijeni buhoro buhoro bibangamira urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima gusa, ahubwo binabangamira imibereho y’inzego nini z’imibereho ndetse n’umubumbe wose, nk’uko abanditsi b’ubushakashatsi mpuzamahanga bwa GEOMAR bwasohotse uyu munsi mu gitabo Nature Ecology & Evolution babivuga.
Barasaba ko ibura rya ogisijeni mu bidukikije byo mu mazi rifatwa nk'undi mupaka w'isi kugira ngo hashyirwe imbaraga mu kugenzura, ubushakashatsi no mu ngamba za politiki ku isi.
Ogisijeni ni ikintu cy'ingenzi ku buzima ku isi. Gutakaza ogisijeni mu mazi, nanone bita ko mu mazi hadakoreshejwe ogisijeni, ni ikibazo ku buzima mu nzego zose. Itsinda mpuzamahanga ry'abashakashatsi rigaragaza uburyo kudakoresha ogisijeni bikomeza guteza ikibazo gikomeye ku mibereho y'abantu benshi mu muryango ndetse no ku ituze ry'ubuzima ku isi yacu.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mbere bwagaragaje uruhererekane rw'ibikorwa ku rwego rw'isi, byitwa imipaka y'imibumbe, bigenga ubushobozi bwo guturwa no guhagarara neza kw'umubumbe muri rusange. Iyo ingamba z'ingenzi muri ibi bikorwa zemejwe, ibyago byo guhinduka ku bidukikije binini, bitunguranye cyangwa bidasubirwaho ("aho bigarukira") biriyongera kandi ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira umubumbe wacu, uguhagarara kwawo, birashyirwa mu kaga.
Mu mbibi icyenda z’imibumbe harimo imihindagurikire y’ikirere, imihindagurikire y’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka, no gutakaza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima. Abanditsi b’ubushakashatsi bushya bavuga ko gutakaza ogisijeni mu mazi bisubiza, kandi bigategeka izindi ngendo z’imipaka y’imibumbe.
“Ni ngombwa ko igabanuka ry’umwuka mu mazi ryongerwa ku rutonde rw’imipaka y’isi,” ibi byavuzwe na Porofeseri Dr. Rose wo mu Kigo cya Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute i Troy, New York, umwanditsi mukuru w’iki gitabo. “Ibi bizafasha gushyigikira no gushyira imbaraga mu igenzura ry’isi, ubushakashatsi, na politiki zo gufasha urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi ndetse n’umuryango muri rusange.”
Mu bidukikije byose byo mu mazi, kuva ku migezi n'imigezi, ibiyaga, ibigega by'amazi, n'ibidendezi kugeza ku migezi, inkombe, n'inyanja ifunguye, ubwinshi bwa ogisijeni yashongeshejwe bwaragabanutse cyane kandi vuba mu myaka yashize.
Ibiyaga n'ibigega byatakaje ogisijeni ku kigero cya 5.5% na 18.6% kuva mu 1980. Inyanja yatakaje ogisijeni ku kigero cya 2% kuva mu 1960. Nubwo uyu mubare usa n'aho ari muto, bitewe n'ingano nini y'inyanja, ugaragaza ko ogisijeni nyinshi yatakaje.
Urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi narwo rwagize impinduka zikomeye mu kugabanuka kwa ogisijeni. Urugero, amazi yo hagati yo muri Kaliforuniya yo hagati yatakaje 40% bya ogisijeni mu myaka mike ishize. Ingano y'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi rwagizweho ingaruka no kugabanuka kwa ogisijeni yiyongereye cyane mu bwoko bwose.
“Impamvu zo kubura umwuka wa ogisijeni mu mazi ni ubushyuhe bw’isi buterwa n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ndetse n’intungamubiri zikomoka ku butaka ziboneka bitewe n’ikoreshwa ry’ubutaka,” uyu ni Dr. Andreas Oschlies, Porofeseri w’ibishushanyo mbonera bya Biogeochemical byo mu mazi muri GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel.
“Iyo ubushyuhe bw’amazi buzamutse, ubushobozi bwo gushonga bwa ogisijeni mu mazi buragabanuka. Byongeye kandi, ubushyuhe bw’isi butuma amazi ahinduka mu buryo butandukanye, kuko amazi ashyushye kandi afite umunyu muke afite ubucucike buke aba hejuru y’amazi akonje kandi afite umunyu mwinshi munsi.”
“Ibi bibangamira ihererekanya ry’amazi y’ubujyakuzimu adafite ogisijeni n’amazi yo hejuru akungahaye kuri ogisijeni. Byongeye kandi, intungamubiri zituruka ku butaka zishyigikira indabyo z’ibimera, bigatuma ogisijeni nyinshi ikoreshwa uko ibintu byinshi by’ibinyabuzima bigenda bishira kandi bigasenyuka na mikorobe mu burebure.”
Uduce two mu nyanja aho umwuka wa ogisijeni uhagije ku buryo amafi, inkende cyangwa inyamaswa zo mu bwoko bwa crustacean zitakibasha kubaho, bibangamira ibinyabuzima ubwabyo, ndetse na serivisi z’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima nk’uburobyi, ubworozi bw’amafi, ubukerarugendo n’umuco.
Imiterere ya mikorobe mu turere twangiritse umwuka wa ogisijeni na yo irushaho gutanga imyuka ikomeye ihumanya ikirere nka azote okiside na methane, ibi bikaba bishobora gutuma ubushyuhe bw'isi bwiyongera bityo bikaba impamvu ikomeye yo kugabanuka kwa ogisijeni.
Abanditsi baburira bati: Turimo kwegera urwego rukomeye rwo gusohora ogisijeni mu mazi, amaherezo ruzagira ingaruka ku yindi mipaka myinshi y’isi.
Porofeseri Dr. Rose aragira ati: “Ogisijeni ishongeshejwe igenzura uruhare rw’amazi yo mu nyanja n’amazi meza mu guhindura ikirere cy’Isi. Kunoza ubwinshi bw’umwuka wa ogisijeni biterwa no gukemura impamvu nyamukuru, harimo ubushyuhe bw’ikirere n’amazi aturuka mu turere twateye imbere.
“Kunanirwa gukemura ikibazo cyo kubura umwuka mu mazi, amaherezo, ntibizagira ingaruka ku rusobe rw’ibinyabuzima gusa ahubwo bizagira ingaruka no ku bukungu, ndetse no ku rwego rw’isi.”
Imiterere y’igabanuka ry’umwuka mu mazi ni umuburo usobanutse neza n’ubukangurambaga bwo kugira icyo ukora, ibyo bikaba byagombye gutuma habaho impinduka zo kugabanya cyangwa kugabanya uyu mupaka w’isi.
Imashini ipima umwuka wa ogisijeni ukozwe mu buryo bwiza bw'amazi
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-12-2024