Mu gushaka umusaruro mwinshi no gukora neza mu mazu agezweho yo mu bidukikije, kugenzura ibidukikije byahereye ku bushyuhe n'ubukonje bw'ikirere kugeza ku miterere mito y'ibimera ndetse n'amababi. Amababi, nk'ingingo z'ingenzi za fotosite, umwuka uva mu bimera ndetse n'amababi, ubushyuhe, ubushuhe n'ibidukikije bito ku buso bwabyo bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku mikorere y'umubiri, imiterere y'imihangayiko ndetse n'ibyago byo kurwara. Ariko, ubu buryo bw'ingenzi bwamaze igihe kinini bumeze nk' "agasanduku k'umukara". Gushyira ahagaragara ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe ku buso bw'amababi byazamuye uburyo bwo kugenzura kugeza ku buso bw'ibihingwa, bitanga ubumenyi budasanzwe ku micungire y'ubushyuhe kandi bitangiza intambwe nshya kuva ku "micungire y'ibidukikije" kugeza ku "micungire y'umubiri w'ibihingwa ubwabyo".
I. Kuki ugomba kwita ku “buso bw’amababi”?
Amakuru y’ubushyuhe n’ubushuhe bw’umwuka wo mu bushyuhe ntashobora kugaragaza neza imiterere nyayo y’ubuso bw’amababi. Bitewe n’ibyuka biva mu kirere, kwimura ubushyuhe n’ingaruka z’urwego rw’imipaka, akenshi hari itandukaniro rinini hagati y’ubushyuhe bw’ubuso bw’amababi n’ubushyuhe bw’umwuka (bushobora kuba munsi ya 2-8°C cyangwa burenzeho), kandi igihe cy’ubushyuhe cyangwa ubushuhe ku buso bw’amababi ni ikintu ubushuhe bw’umwuka budashobora kwerekana mu buryo butaziguye. Iki gipimo gito ni ingenzi mu bikorwa byinshi:
Aho indwara zikurira: Kumera no kwandura kw'indwara nyinshi ziterwa n'imiti n'udukoko (nk'imiti iterwa n'udukoko, ibara ry'umukara, n'imiti iterwa n'ifu) biterwa cyane n'igihe runaka cy'ubushuhe buhoraho ku buso bw'ikibabi n'idirishya ry'ubushyuhe.
"Agace k'umwuka": Ifungura n'ifunga ry'amababi biterwa n'ubushyuhe bw'amababi n'itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko w'amazi hagati y'amababi n'umwuka, bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku mikoreshereze y'amazi n'umuvuduko wa photosynthesis.
Ibimenyetso by'ihungabana ry'umubiri: Ukwiyongera kudasanzwe k'ubushyuhe bw'amababi bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cya mbere cy'ihungabana ry'amazi, ibibazo by'imizi cyangwa urumuri rwinshi.
Ii. Ikoranabuhanga rya Sensor: Kwigana "Uruhu Rushobora Gufata Amasasu"
Imashini ipima ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe ku buso bw'amababi ntabwo ishyirwa ku mababi nyayo, ahubwo ni ikintu cyakozwe neza gishobora kwigana imiterere isanzwe y'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe ku mababi.
Igishushanyo mbonera cya Bionic: Ubuso bwayo bwo kumva bugaragaza ibyuma nyabyo mu bijyanye n'ibikoresho, ibara, aho bihurira. Inguni n'ubushobozi bw'ubushyuhe, bigatuma uburyo ikora ku mirasire, guhindagurika no guhindagurika kw'imirasire bihura n'uburebure bw'ibyuma nyabyo.
Gukurikirana ibipimo bibiri bihurirana
Ubushyuhe bw'ubuso bw'amababi: Pima neza ubushyuhe bw'ubuso bw'amababi bwifashishijwe kugira ngo ugaragaze imiterere y'ingufu z'ubutaka bw'ibihingwa.
Ubushuhe bw'ubuso bw'amababi/imiterere y'ubushuhe: Mu gupima impinduka mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ibibabi, menya neza niba ubuso bw'amababi bwumye, butose (harimo ikime cyangwa nyuma yo kuhira), cyangwa bwuzuye, hanyuma upime igihe cy'ubushuhe bw'amababi.
Ntiyangiza kandi ihagarariye: Yirinda kwangirika cyangwa kwivanga bishobora guterwa no gukora ku mababi nyayo kandi ishobora gushyirwa ahantu henshi kugira ngo igaragaze ikirere cy’ahantu hatandukanye ho gutwikira.
Iii. Gukoresha impinduramatwara mu byumba by’isuku
"Igipimo ngenderwaho cya zahabu" cyo kumenya neza indwara no kuzirwanya
Iki ni cyo gipimo cy'ingenzi cyane cy'icyuma gipima ubuso bw'amababi.
Imyitozo: Shyiraho uburyo bwo gupima ubushyuhe n'ubukonje mu gihe cy'indwara runaka (nk'indwara y'inyanya n'indwara y'inka) muri sisitemu. Akamashini gakurikirana ubushyuhe n'ubukonje ku buso bw'amababi.
Icyemezo: Iyo ibidukikije bikomeje kugera ku "gihe gikomeye" cy'ubwandu bw'indwara, sisitemu ihita itanga umuburo wo ku rwego rwo hejuru hakiri kare.
Agaciro
Fata ingamba zo kwirinda imiti yica udukoko: Kora igenzura ryimbitse mu gihe cyiza cyane mbere yuko bagiteri zitera indwara zandura cyangwa mu ntangiriro z'ubwandu, urinde indwara mu gihe cyose.
Gabanya cyane ikoreshwa ry'imiti yica udukoko: Hindura uburyo busanzwe bwo kuyikoresha kugira ngo ubone uburyo bwo kuyikoresha igihe cyose uyikeneye. Ubunararibonye bugaragaza ko ishobora kugabanya inshuro zo kuyitera bitari ngombwa ku kigero cya 30% kugeza kuri 50%, bigabanye ikiguzi n'ibyago byo kwangirika kw'imiti yica udukoko.
Gushyigikira umusaruro w’ibidukikije: Ni igikoresho cy’ingenzi cya tekiniki cyo kugera ku micungire y’udukoko n’indwara bikomoka ku bimera cyangwa bihujwe.
2. Kunoza ingamba zo kurwanya ibidukikije kugira ngo hirindwe stress ku miterere y'umubiri
Imyitozo: Gukurikirana mu buryo nyabwo itandukaniro riri hagati y'ubushyuhe bw'amababi n'ubushyuhe bw'umwuka.
Icyemezo
Iyo ubushyuhe bw'amababi buri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n'ubushyuhe bw'umwuka kandi bugakomeza kuzamuka, bishobora kugaragaza ko amazi adahumeka neza (amazi adashobora kwinjiza neza bitewe n'imizi cyangwa ubushuhe bwinshi butuma stomata ifunga), kandi ni ngombwa kugenzura kuhira cyangwa kongera umwuka uhumeka.
Mu gihe cy'izuba nijoro, hagenzurwa ingaruka z'uko amababi ashobora kumera nabi, ubushyuhe bushobora kugenzurwa neza cyangwa hagashyirwaho umuyoboro w'amazi imbere kugira ngo hirindwe ko amababi yahura n'ibibazo, bityo bikagabanya ibyago byo kurwara.
Agaciro: Kugenzura neza ibidukikije bikoresha ubushyuhe bushingiye ku buryo butaziguye ku buryo ibihingwa bibyitwaramo, bikongera ubuzima bw'ibihingwa n'uburyo bikoresha umutungo kamere neza.
3. Gutanga ubuyobozi ku buryo bunoze bwo kuhira no gucunga amazi n'ifumbire mvaruganda
Imyitozo: Ukoresheje amakuru y'ubushuhe bw'ubutaka, ubushyuhe bw'ubuso bw'amababi ni ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cyo gupima ubushyuhe bw'amazi mu bihingwa.
Icyemezo: Ku gicamunsi iyo izuba ririmo cyane, niba ubushyuhe bw'amababi bwiyongera ku buryo budasanzwe, bishobora kugaragaza ko nubwo ubushuhe bw'ubutaka bukiri bwiza, icyifuzo cyo guhumeka cyarenze ubushobozi bw'amazi bw'imizi. Ni ngombwa gutekereza ku kuhira cyangwa gutera imiti mu buryo bw'inyongera kugira ngo bikonje.
Agaciro: Kugera ku micungire myiza y'amazi no gukumira igihombo cy'umusaruro n'ubwiza giterwa n'ihungabana ryihishe.
4. Gusuzuma imikorere y'ingamba z'ubuhinzi
Imyitozo: Gereranya impinduka mu miterere y'ikirere cy'ubuso bw'amababi mu gisenge mbere na nyuma yo gushyira mu bikorwa ibikorwa bitandukanye by'ubuhinzi (nk'uburyo bwo guhindura intera hagati y'umurongo n'umurongo, gukoresha ibipfukisho bitandukanye, no guhindura ingamba zo guhumeka).
Agaciro: Gusuzuma mu buryo bw'imibare ingaruka nyazo z'izi ngamba mu kunoza uburyo umwuka uhumeka mu biti by'ibihingwa, kugabanya ubushuhe, no kuringaniza ubushyuhe, gutanga inkunga y'amakuru yo kunoza gahunda zo guhinga.
Iv. Ingingo zo Gutanga: Fata ikimenyetso nyacyo cy'inyuma
Uko aho biherereye hagaragara: Bigomba gushyirwa ahantu hagaragara mu gisenge cy'ibihingwa, akenshi ku burebure bw'amababi y'ingenzi ari hagati mu kimera, kandi hirindwa ko amazi anyura mu kuhira imiyoboro itaziguye.
Gukurikirana ahantu henshi: Mu mazu manini cyangwa menshi, ahantu henshi hagomba gushyirwa ahantu hatandukanye (hafi y'aho umwuka uhumekera, hagati, no ku mpera) kugira ngo hamenyekane itandukaniro ry'ikirere.
Gusuzuma no kubungabunga buri gihe: Menya neza ko ubuso bw'aho ureba busukuye kandi ko imiterere y'icyuma cyakozweho idahindutse kugira ngo habeho icyizere cy'igihe kirekire cy'amakuru.
V. Urubanza rw'ibyabaye: Uburyo bwo gucunga indwara ya “Zero ibaho” mu nyanya bushingiye ku makuru
Ikigo cy’ubuhinzi bw’inyanya gikoresha ikoranabuhanga rihanitse cyo mu Buholandi cyashyizeho uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe n’ubushuhe ku mababi. Ubu buryo buhuza icyitegererezo cy’ubwandu bwa virusi ya kanseri mu nyanya. Mu gihe cy’impeshyi gisanzwe:
Iyi sensor yagiye imenya kenshi ko igihe ubushuhe bw'amababi bumara nijoro bugeze ku rwego rwo hejuru rw'ibyago byo kurwara, ariko ubushyuhe ntiburagera ku rugero rwuzuye.
2. Mu gihe cy' "igihe cy'impanuka nyinshi" ubwo imiterere y'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe yageraga icyarimwe inshuro eshatu, ni bwo sisitemu yatanze umuburo wo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko ku rwego rwo hejuru.
3. Abahinzi bakoze ingamba zo kugenzura neza nyuma y’ibiburira bitatu byavuzwe haruguru.
Mu gihe cyose cy'ihinga, greenhouse yageze ku "nta ndwara" ya virusi ya virusi ya virusi ya virusi itera ubwiyongere bw'inyanya, igabanya inshuro zo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko mu buryo buhoraho kuva kuri 12 kugeza kuri 3. Muri icyo gihe, bitewe no kugabanuka kw'ingaruka za mashini mu gukoresha imiti yica udukoko, umusaruro w'ibihingwa warushijeho kugabanuka, kandi umusaruro wa nyuma wiyongereyeho hafi 5%. Umuyobozi ushinzwe greenhouse yagize ati: “Mbere, twateraga imiti yica udukoko buri cyumweru ku bw'ingaruka 'zishoboka'.” Ubu, icyuma gipima ubuso bw'amababi kitubwira igihe ingaruka zibaho koko. Ibi ntabwo ari ukugabanya amafaranga gusa; ni no kubaha cyane imyaka n'ibidukikije.
Umwanzuro
Mu gihe cyo gukora ubuhinzi bujyanye no gukora neza cyane, uburyo bwo kubona neza imiterere y’ibihingwa ubwabyo burimo kuba ubw’abahanga mu guhangana ku rwego rwo hejuru, burenze uburyo bwo kugenzura ibidukikije. Imashini ipima ubushyuhe n’ubushuhe ku mababi ni nko gushyiraho amaso abiri y’abahanga mu by’ubuhinzi ashobora “kubona” guhumeka kw’amababi no “kumva” indwara zihishe. Ihindura ibihingwa kuva ku “bintu” bicungwa bikajya mu bintu bifite ubwenge “bigaragaza” ibyo bakeneye. Mu gusesengura amategeko agenga ikirere cy’ibimera, imicungire y’ibidukikije yazamuwe kuva ku mategeko manini agenga ibidukikije kugeza ku micungire igamije kandi iteganya mbere y’igihe ishingiye ku buzima bw’ibihingwa n’ibyo umubiri ukeneye. Ibi si iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora gusa, ahubwo ni n’uburyo bugaragara bw’igitekerezo cy’ubuhinzi burambye – kugera ku nyungu nini z’umusaruro n’ubwuzuzanye bw’ibidukikije hamwe n’ingaruka nke zo hanze. Hamwe n’iterambere rya algorithm, aya makuru azashyirwa mu bwonko bw’ubwenge bw’ubukorano bw’ibihingwa, biganisha ubuhinzi mu gihe gishya cy’ubwenge nyakuri cyo “kumenya ubushyuhe bw’ibihingwa no gusobanukirwa ibyo ibimera bikenewe”.
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