Amerika yepfo ifite ikirere n’imiterere itandukanye, kuva mu mashyamba ya Amazone kugeza ku misozi ya Andes kugera kuri Pampa nini. Inganda nkubuhinzi, ingufu, nubwikorezi ziragenda zishingiye kumibare yubumenyi bwikirere. Nka gikoresho cyibanze cyo gukusanya amakuru yubumenyi bwikirere, sitasiyo yubumenyi bwikirere ikoreshwa cyane muri Amerika yepfo. Mugukurikirana mugihe nyacyo ibipimo byubumenyi bwikirere nkubushyuhe, imvura, umuvuduko wumuyaga nubushuhe, sitasiyo yubumenyi bwikirere itanga inkunga ikomeye mubikorwa byubuhinzi, kuburira ibiza, gucunga umutungo wamazi, nizindi nzego.
1. Imikorere nibyiza bya sitasiyo yubumenyi
Ikirere ni igikoresho gikoreshwa mugukurikirana no kwandika amakuru yubumenyi bwikirere, mubisanzwe harimo imirimo ikurikira:
Gukurikirana ibintu byinshi: Irashobora gukurikirana ibipimo byinshi byubumenyi bwikirere nkubushyuhe, imvura, umuvuduko wumuyaga, icyerekezo cyumuyaga, ubushuhe, umuvuduko wumwuka, nimirasire yizuba mugihe nyacyo.
Kwandika no kohereza amakuru: Sitasiyo yubumenyi bwikirere irashobora guhita yandika amakuru kandi ikohereza amakuru mububiko rusange cyangwa urubuga rwigicu hifashishijwe umuyoboro udafite umugozi wo gusesengura byoroshye no kugabana.
Ibisobanuro birambuye kandi nyabyo: Ibihe bigezweho byubumenyi bwikirere bikoresha ibyuma bihanitse cyane kugirango bitange amakuru nyayo kandi yukuri.
Gukurikirana kure: Binyuze kuri interineti, abakoresha barashobora kugera kure amakuru yubumenyi bwikirere kugirango bakurikirane igihe kandi baburire hakiri kare.
Ikoreshwa ryikirere muri Amerika yepfo rifite ibyiza bikurikira:
Shigikira ubuhinzi bwuzuye: guha abahinzi amakuru yukuri yukuri kugirango bafashe kunoza gahunda yo gutera no kuhira.
Kuburira ibiza: kugenzura igihe nyacyo cyibihe bikabije nkimvura nyinshi, amapfa, ibihuhusi, nibindi, kugirango bitange umusingi wo gukumira ibiza no gutabara byihutirwa.
Gucunga umutungo wamazi: gukurikirana imvura niyuka, gushyigikira imicungire yikigega na gahunda yo kuhira.
Ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi: butanga amakuru maremare kandi ahoraho yubumenyi bwubumenyi bwikirere no kurengera ibidukikije.
2. Imanza zo gusaba muri Amerika yepfo
2.1 Amavu n'amavuko
Ikirere muri Amerika y'Epfo kiragoye kandi kiratandukanye, kandi uduce tumwe na tumwe dukunze kwibasirwa n’ikirere gikabije, nk’imvura nyinshi muri Amazone, ubukonje muri Andes, n’amapfa muri Pampas. Imikoreshereze y’ikirere itanga amakuru y’ikirere y’ingirakamaro muri utwo turere, ifasha inganda nk’ubuhinzi, ingufu, n’ubwikorezi guhangana n’ibibazo by’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
2.2 Imanza zihariye zo gusaba
Ikiburanwa 1: Gukoresha sitasiyo yikirere mubuhinzi bwuzuye muri Berezile
Burezili n’igihugu cyohereza ibicuruzwa hanze mu buhinzi ku isi, kandi ubuhinzi bushingira cyane ku mibare y’ikirere. Muri Mato Grosso, Burezili, abahinzi ba soya n'ibigori bageze ku micungire y’ubuhinzi neza bakoresheje sitasiyo y’ikirere. Porogaramu zihariye nizi zikurikira:
Uburyo bwo kohereza: Shyiramo ikirere cyikora mu murima, hamwe na sitasiyo imwe yoherejwe kuri kilometero kare 10.
Gukurikirana ibipimo: ubushyuhe, imvura, ubushuhe, umuvuduko wumuyaga, imirasire yizuba, nibindi.
Ingaruka yo gusaba:
Abahinzi barashobora guhindura igihe cyo kubiba no kuhira hashingiwe ku mibare nyayo y’ikirere kugira ngo bagabanye imyanda y’amazi.
Mu guhanura imvura n amapfa, hindura ifumbire hamwe na gahunda yo kurwanya udukoko kugirango umusaruro wiyongere.
Muri 2020, umusaruro wa soya muri Mato Grosso wiyongereyeho 12% kubera ikoreshwa ryamakuru yubumenyi bwikirere.
Ikiburanwa cya 2: Umuyoboro w’ikirere muri Andes ya Peru
Andes yo muri Peru ni agace gakomeye ko gutera ibirayi n’ibigori, ariko ako karere gafite ikirere gihinduka, hakonje cyane n’amapfa. Guverinoma ya Peru yafatanije n’ibigo by’ubushakashatsi mu bya siyansi gushyiraho urusobe rw’ibihe by’ikirere muri Andes mu rwego rwo gushyigikira iterambere ry’ubuhinzi bwaho. Porogaramu zihariye nizi zikurikira:
Uburyo bwo kohereza: Shiraho sitasiyo yikirere ntoya ahantu hirengeye kugirango uhuze ahantu hanini h’ubuhinzi.
Gukurikirana ibipimo: ubushyuhe, imvura, umuvuduko wumuyaga, kuburira ubukonje, nibindi.
Ingaruka yo gusaba:
Abahinzi barashobora kwakira imburi zikonje zitangwa na sitasiyo y’ikirere binyuze kuri terefone zabo zigendanwa, bagafata ingamba zo kubarinda mu gihe, kandi bikagabanya igihombo cy’ibihingwa.
Ubumenyi bw'ikirere bufasha guhindura gahunda yo kuhira no kugabanya ingaruka z’amapfa ku buhinzi.
Mu 2021, umusaruro w'ibirayi mu karere wiyongereyeho 15% kubera ikoreshwa ry'ikirere.
Ikiburanwa cya 3: Gukoresha sitasiyo yikirere muri Pampas yo muri Arijantine
Pampas yo muri Arijantine ni agace gakomeye k’amatungo n’ubuhinzi bw’ingano muri Amerika yepfo, ariko ako karere gakunze kwibasirwa n’amapfa n’umwuzure. Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe iteganyagihe cyo muri Arijantine cyohereje urusobe rw’ibihe by’ikirere muri Pampas mu rwego rwo gushyigikira umusaruro w’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi. Porogaramu zihariye nizi zikurikira:
Uburyo bwo kohereza: Shyira ikirere cyikora mu byatsi no mu mirima, hamwe na sitasiyo imwe yoherejwe kuri kilometero kare 20.
Gukurikirana ibipimo: imvura, ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, umuvuduko wumuyaga, guhumeka, nibindi.
Ingaruka yo gusaba:
Aborozi barashobora guhindura gahunda yo kurisha bashingiye ku bumenyi bw'ikirere kugira ngo birinde kwangirika kw'amatungo mu bihe bibi.
Abahinzi bakoresha amakuru yimvura kugirango barusheho kuhira no kubiba kugirango bongere umusaruro w ingano n ibigori.
Mu 2022, umusaruro w'ingano muri Pampas wiyongereyeho 8% bitewe no gukoresha ikirere.
Urubanza rwa 4: Gukoresha sitasiyo yikirere mu turere twa divayi muri Chili
Chili n’umuvinyu ukomeye muri Amerika yepfo, kandi guhinga inzabibu byumva cyane ikirere. Mu karere ko hagati ya Chili, inzoga zimaze kugera ku micungire myiza yo guhinga inzabibu hakoreshejwe sitasiyo y’ikirere. Porogaramu zihariye nizi zikurikira:
Uburyo bwo kohereza: Shyira sitasiyo yikirere mu ruzabibu, hamwe na sitasiyo imwe yoherejwe kuri hegitari 5.
Gukurikirana ibipimo: ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, imvura, imirasire yizuba, kuburira ubukonje, nibindi.
Ingaruka yo gusaba:
Inzoga zirashobora guhindura gahunda yo kuhira no gufumbira zishingiye ku bumenyi bw'ikirere kugirango zuzuze ubwiza bw'inzabibu.
Sisitemu yo kuburira ubukonje ifasha inzoga gufata ingamba mugihe cyo kurinda imizabibu kwangirika kwubukonje.
Mu 2021, umusaruro wa divayi n'ubwiza mu kibaya cyo hagati cya Chili byateye imbere cyane kubera ko ikirere cyashyizwe mu bikorwa.
3. Umwanzuro
Ikoreshwa ry’ikirere muri Amerika yepfo ritanga amakuru yingenzi mu buhinzi, ubworozi, imicungire y’amazi n’izindi nzego, bifasha guhangana n’ibibazo bizanwa n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Binyuze mu gihe gikurikiranwa n’isesengura ryamakuru, sitasiyo yubumenyi bwikirere ntabwo itezimbere gusa umusaruro nogukoresha umutungo, ahubwo inatanga ibikoresho bikomeye byo gukumira ibiza nubushakashatsi bwa siyanse. Mu bihe biri imbere, hamwe n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga no guteza imbere ikoreshwa, ibyifuzo byo gukoresha sitasiyo y’ikirere muri Amerika yepfo bizaba binini.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-18-2025