Amashusho y'umushinga
Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba, irangwa n'ikirere cy'imvura nyinshi, ihura n'ibibazo bikomeye by'imyuzure buri mwaka mu gihe cy'imvura. Dukoresheje urugero rwa "Ikibaya cy'Uruzi rwa Chao Phraya" mu gihugu gihagarariye, iki kibaya gitemba mu murwa mukuru w'igihugu utuwe cyane kandi uteye imbere mu bukungu n'uturere tuyikikije. Mu mateka, imikoranire y'imvura nyinshi itunguranye, amazi menshi ava mu misozi miremire, ndetse n'amazi menshi mu mijyi byatumye uburyo bwo kugenzura amazi bushingiye ku mazi budahagije, bushingiye ku mabwiriza, kandi bushingiye ku bunararibonye, akenshi bigatuma habaho imiburo itunguranye, kwangirika k'imitungo ku buryo bukabije, ndetse n'abahitanwa n'ibyago.
Kugira ngo bareke ubu buryo bwo guhangana n’ibibazo, ishami ry’igihugu rishinzwe umutungo w’amazi, ku bufatanye n’abafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga, batangije umushinga wa “Integrated Imyuzure Monitoring and Burning Early System for Chao Phraya River Basin”. Intego yari ugushyiraho uburyo bwa none, bunoze kandi bugezweho bwo kugenzura imyuzure bushingiye ku ikoreshwa rya IoT, ikoranabuhanga rya sensor, n’isesengura ry’amakuru.
Ikoranabuhanga ry'ibanze n'ibikoresho byo kugenzura
Iyi sisitemu ihuza ibikoresho bitandukanye bigezweho byo kureba, igakora "amaso n'amatwi" by'urwego rwo kumva.
1. Igipimo cy'imvura cyo mu isanduku - "Umurinzi wo ku ruhande rw'imbere" w'inkomoko y'umwuzure
- Aho ibikorwa byo kohereza: Bikwirakwizwa cyane mu turere tw’imisozi miremire, mu mashyamba, mu bigega biciriritse, no mu duce tw’ingenzi two ku nkengero z’umujyi.
- Imikorere n'Uruhare:
- Gukurikirana imvura mu gihe nyacyo: Gukusanya amakuru y'imvura buri munota, ku buryo bungana na mm 0.1. Amakuru yoherezwa mu gihe nyacyo mu kigo cy'igenzura gikuru binyuze mu itumanaho rya GPRS/4G/satellite.
- Icyitonderwa cy’inkubi y’umuyaga: Iyo icyuma gipima imvura cyanditse imvura ikomeye cyane mu gihe gito (urugero, hejuru ya mm 50 mu isaha imwe), sisitemu ihita itangira gutanga integuza, igaragaza ibyago by’imyuzure cyangwa amazi y’imvura yihuta muri ako gace.
- Guhuza Amakuru: Amakuru y'imvura ni kimwe mu bipimo by'ingenzi cyane by'ibyinjira mu buryo bw'amazi, bikoreshwa mu guhanura ingano y'amazi agwa mu migezi n'igihe amazi azagera ku mpera z'amazi.
2. Igipimo cy'amazi cya Radar – “Igipimo cy'amajwi y'umugezi”
- Aho amashanyarazi azashyirwa: Bishyizwe ku miyoboro yose minini y'imigezi, aho imigezi y'ingenzi ihurira, aho amazi anyura, no ku biraro by'ingenzi cyangwa iminara ku marembo y'umujyi.
- Imikorere n'Uruhare:
- Gupima Umuvuduko Udahuye: Ikoresha amahame yo kugaragaza umuraba wa radar kugira ngo ipime neza umuvuduko w'amazi yo hejuru, idahungabanyijwe n'ubwiza bw'amazi cyangwa ingano y'amazi, isaba ko idakorerwa isuku nke.
- Igipimo cy'urugero rw'amazi n'igice cyayo: Ihujwe n'ibikoresho by'amazi bifite umuvuduko cyangwa ibipimo by'urugero rw'amazi bya ultrasonic, ibona amakuru y'urugero rw'amazi mu gihe nyacyo. Ikoresheje amakuru y'imiterere y'ubutaka yashyizwe mu miyoboro y'amazi, ibara umuvuduko w'amazi mu gihe nyacyo (m³/s).
- Ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cy'umuburo: Igipimo cy'amazi ni cyo kimenyetso kigaragara cyane mu kumenya ingano y'umwuzure. Iyo amazi agenzurwa na radar arenze urugero rw'umuburo wagenwe cyangwa urugero rw'ibyago, sisitemu itera amatangazo ku nzego zitandukanye, bigatuma habaho igihe cy'ingenzi cyo kwimuka mu mazi.
3. Ikimenyetso cyo Kwimura Abantu – “Umurinzi w’Umutekano” w’Ibikorwaremezo
- Aho ibikorwa byo gushyiramo: Aho ibikorwa by’ingenzi biherereye, ingomero z’amazi, imisozi ihanamye, n’inkombe z’imigezi zishobora guhura n’ibyago bya tekiniki.
- Imikorere n'Uruhare:
- Igenzura ry’Ubuzima bw’Imiterere: Ikoresha uburyo bwa GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) bwo kwimura ibintu hamwe n’ibikoresho biri aho biri kugira ngo ikurikirane buri gihe uko ibintu bigenda, aho bitura, n’uko imiyoboro n’imisozi bihengamye bihagaze.
- Umuburo wo Kunanirwa k'Uruzi/Isenyuka ry'Imyanda: Mu gihe cy'imyuzure, amazi yiyongera ashyira igitutu gikomeye ku nyubako z'amazi. Ibyuma bipima aho amazi anyura bishobora kubona ibimenyetso by'uko inyubako zidakora neza hakiri kare. Iyo umuvuduko w'impinduka mu buryo butunguranye wihuta, sisitemu ihita itanga umuburo w'umutekano ku nyubako, ikarinda imyuzure ikomeye iterwa n'ibibazo by'ubwubatsi.
Imikorere ya sisitemu n'umusaruro byagezweho
- Gukusanya no Kohereza Amakuru: Amagana y’udukingirizo tw’amakuru mu gice cy’amazi akoreshwa mu gukusanya amakuru buri minota 5-10 hanyuma tukayohereza mu dupaki mu kigo cy’amakuru cy’ibicu binyuze mu muyoboro wa IoT.
- Guhuza Amakuru n'Isesengura ry'Icyitegererezo: Urubuga rwo hagati rwakira kandi ruhuza amakuru y'inkomoko nyinshi aturuka ku bipimo by'imvura, ibipimo by'amazi ya radar, n'ibikoresho byo kwimura. Aya makuru ashyirwa mu gishushanyo mbonera cy'amazi n'ikirere n'amazi gihuye kugira ngo hamenyekane kandi hamenyekane imyuzure mu gihe nyacyo.
- Ubufasha mu gutanga inama z'ibanze n'ibyemezo:
- Icyitegererezo cya 1: Ibipimo by'imvura mu misozi yo hejuru bipima inkubi y'umuyaga ikomeye; icyo gishushanyo gihita kivuga ko umwuzure urenze urugero rw'umuburo uzagera mu Mujyi wa A mu masaha 3. Sisitemu yohereza umuburo mu ishami rishinzwe gukumira ibiza mu Mujyi wa A.
- Icyitegererezo cya 2: Igipimo cya radar ku ruzi runyura mu Mujyi wa B kigaragaza ko umuvuduko w’amazi wiyongera cyane mu isaha imwe, aho amazi agiye kurenga inkombe. Iyi sisitemu itangira gutanga ubutumwa bw’umutekano kandi itanga amabwiriza yihutirwa yo kuva ku baturage bo ku nkengero z’uruzi binyuze kuri porogaramu zigendanwa, imbuga nkoranyambaga, n’amatangazo yihutirwa.
- Icyitegererezo cya 3: Ibyuma bipima aho ibintu biherereye ku gice cya kera cy’aho ibintu biherereye kuri Point C bireba aho ibintu bihagaze, bigatuma sisitemu ihagarika ibyago byo gusenyuka. Ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura gishobora guhita cyohereza amatsinda y’abahanga mu by’ubwubatsi kugira ngo bafashe abaturage no kubavana mu gace karimo ibyago.
- Ibisubizo by'Ishyirwa mu Bikorwa:
- Igihe cyo Kuburira cyariyongereye: Ugereranyije n'uburyo gakondo, igihe cyo Kuburira cyariyongereye kiva ku masaha 2-4 kigera ku masaha 6-12.
- Gufata ibyemezo mu buryo bwa siyansi buhamye: Imiterere ya siyansi ishingiye ku makuru nyayo yasimbuye ubwenge bushingiye ku bunararibonye, ifata ibyemezo nko gukoresha ikigega cy'amazi no gukoresha ahantu hatembera imyuzure neza kurushaho.
- Kugabanuka kw'igihombo: Mu gihe cya mbere cy'umwuzure nyuma yo gukoresha sisitemu, yashoboye guhangana n'ibibazo bibiri bikomeye by'umwuzure, bivugwa ko yagabanyije igihombo mu bukungu ku kigero cya 30% kandi nta n'umwe wahitanywe nacyo.
- Kunoza ubufatanye bwa rubanda: Binyuze kuri porogaramu ya telefoni igendanwa, abaturage bashobora kugenzura amakuru y’imvura n’amazi mu buryo bufatika mu gace batuyemo, bigatuma abaturage barushaho gukangurirwa kwirinda ibiza.
Imbogamizi n'icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza
- Imbogamizi: Ishoramari rinini rya sisitemu yo gutangira; uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza imiyoboro y'itumanaho mu turere twa kure buracyari ikibazo; uburyo bwo guhagarara igihe kirekire mu byuma bipima no kwirinda kwangiza ibintu bisaba gukomeza kubungabungwa.
- Icyerekezo cy’ejo hazaza: Gahunda zirimo gushyiraho uburyo bwo gukoresha ubuhanga bwa “AI” kugira ngo harusheho kunozwa uburyo bwo guteganya igihe ibintu bizaba byateguwe; guhuza amakuru ajyanye n’ikoranabuhanga rya “satellite device” kugira ngo hakorwe igenzura ryimbitse; no gusesengura isano yimbitse hagati y’igenamigambi ry’imijyi n’imikoreshereze y’amazi mu buhinzi kugira ngo hubakwe urwego rwo gucunga “ikibaya cy’uruzi cya Smart River Basin” ruhamye.
Incamake:
Iyi nyigo igaragaza uburyo imikorere ihuriweho ya Tipping Bucket Rain Gauges (isuzuma aho ituruka), Radar Flow Meters (ikurikirana uko ibintu bigenda), na Displacement Sensors (igenzura ibikorwa remezo) byubaka uburyo burambuye, bwo kugenzura imyuzure no kuburira hakiri kare—kuva “mu kirere” kugera “ku butaka,” kuva “ku isoko” kugera “ku miterere.” Ibi ntibigaragaza gusa icyerekezo cyo kuvugurura ikoranabuhanga ryo kurwanya imyuzure mu majyepfo y’uburasirazuba bwa Aziya ahubwo binatanga ubunararibonye bw’ingirakamaro mu gucunga imyuzure ku isi mu bibaya bisa n’ibyo by’imigezi.
Seriveri yuzuye na porogaramu zidafite umugozi, ishyigikira RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN
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Igihe cyo kohereza: 29 Nzeri 2025