Gushyira mu bikorwa udushya hamwe n’uburyo bwiza bw’amazi EC Sensors mu nganda z’amafi yo muri Qazaqistan

Nkigihugu cy’ingenzi muri Aziya yo Hagati, Qazaqistan ifite umutungo w’amazi menshi kandi ifite amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere ubworozi bw’amafi. Iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ry’amafi ku isi ndetse n’inzibacyuho igana kuri sisitemu y’ubwenge, tekinoroji yo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’amazi iragenda ikoreshwa mu rwego rw’ubuhinzi bw’amafi mu gihugu. Iyi ngingo irasesengura uburyo bwihariye bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi (EC) mu nganda z’amafi yo muri Qazaqistan, isesengura amahame ya tekiniki, ingaruka zifatika, hamwe n’iterambere ry’ejo hazaza. Mu gusuzuma ibibazo bisanzwe nko guhinga sturgeon mu nyanja ya Kaspiya, ubworozi bw’amafi mu kiyaga cya Balkhash, hamwe no kongera gahunda y’ubuhinzi bw’amafi mu karere ka Almaty, iyi nyandiko iragaragaza uburyo sensor ya EC ifasha abahinzi baho gukemura ibibazo by’imicungire y’amazi, kunoza imikorere y’ubuhinzi, no kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije. Byongeye kandi, iyi ngingo ivuga ku mbogamizi Kazakisitani ihura nazo mu guhindura ubumenyi bw’amafi y’amafi n’ibisubizo byabyo, bitanga ibisobanuro by’iterambere ry’amafi mu tundi turere dusa.

Incamake yinganda z’amafi yo muri Qazaqistan hamwe nogukurikirana ubuziranenge bwamazi

Nka gihugu kinini ku nyanja ku isi, Qazaqistan ifite umutungo w’amazi menshi, harimo n’amazi akomeye nk’inyanja ya Kaspiya, ikiyaga cya Balkhash, n’ikiyaga cya Zaysan, ndetse n’inzuzi nyinshi, zitanga imiterere yihariye y’iterambere ry’amafi. Inganda z’ubuhinzi bw’amafi muri iki gihugu zagaragaje iterambere ryihuse mu myaka yashize, hamwe n’ubwoko bw’ibanze bwahinzwe harimo karp, sturgeon, umukororombya, hamwe na Siberiya. Ubworozi bwa Sturgeon mu karere ka Kaspiya, byumwihariko, bwashimishije abantu benshi kubera umusaruro mwinshi wa caviar. Icyakora, inganda z’amafi yo muri Qazaqistan nazo zihura n’ibibazo byinshi, nk’imihindagurikire y’amazi meza y’amazi, tekiniki y’ubuhinzi isubira inyuma, n’ingaruka z’ikirere gikabije, ibyo byose bikaba bibuza iterambere ry’inganda.

Mu bidukikije by’amafi yo muri Qazaqisitani, amashanyarazi (EC), nkibipimo by’amazi meza, bifite akamaro gakomeye ko gukurikirana. EC yerekana ubwinshi bwimyunyu yumunyu yashonze mumazi, bigira ingaruka kumikorere ya osmoregulation hamwe nibikorwa bya physiologique byibinyabuzima byo mumazi. Indangagaciro za EC ziratandukanye cyane mumazi atandukanye yo muri Qazaqistan: Inyanja ya Kaspiya, nkikiyaga cyamazi yumunyu, ifite agaciro gakomeye ka EC (hafi 13,000-15,000 μS / cm); Agace k'iburengerazuba bw'ikiyaga cya Balkhash, kubera ko ari amazi meza, gafite agaciro ka EC (hafi 300-500 μS / cm), mu gihe akarere kako k'iburasirazuba, katagira aho gasohokera, kagaragaza imyunyu myinshi (hafi 5.000-6.000 μS / cm). Ibiyaga bya Alpine nkikiyaga cya Zaysan byerekana ndetse nibindi byinshi bihinduka EC. Izi miterere igoye y’amazi atuma EC ikurikirana ibintu byingenzi kugirango ubworozi bw’amafi bugende neza muri Qazaqistan.

Ubusanzwe, abahinzi ba Qazaqistan bashingiye ku bunararibonye kugira ngo basuzume ubwiza bw’amazi, bakoresheje uburyo bufatika nko kureba ibara ry’amazi n’imyitwarire y’amafi mu micungire. Ubu buryo ntabwo bwabuze ubumenyi bwa siyansi gusa ahubwo bwanagoye gutahura ibibazo by’amazi meza byihuse, akenshi bigatuma amafi manini apfa ndetse nigihombo cyubukungu. Mugihe umunzani wubuhinzi wagutse kandi urwego rwiyongera, icyifuzo cyo kugenzura neza amazi meza cyabaye cyihutirwa. Itangizwa rya tekinoroji ya EC sensor yahaye inganda z’ubuhinzi bw’amafi muri Qazaqistan igisubizo cyizewe, igihe nyacyo, kandi cyiza cyo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’amazi.

Mu bijyanye n’ibidukikije bya Qazaqistan, kugenzura EC bifite ingaruka nyinshi zingenzi. Ubwa mbere, indangagaciro za EC zigaragaza mu buryo butaziguye impinduka z’umunyu mu mazi, zikaba ari ingenzi mu gucunga amafi ya euryhaline (urugero, sturgeon) n’amafi ya stenohaline (urugero, umukororombya). Icya kabiri, kwiyongera kwa EC bidasanzwe bishobora kwerekana umwanda w’amazi, nko gusohora amazi mabi y’inganda cyangwa amasoko y’ubuhinzi atwara imyunyu n’amabuye y'agaciro. Byongeye kandi, indangagaciro za EC zifitanye isano mbi n’urwego rwa ogisijeni yashonze - amazi menshi ya EC ubusanzwe afite ogisijeni nkeya yashonze, bikaba bibangamira ubuzima bw’amafi. Kubwibyo, gukurikirana EC guhoraho bifasha abahinzi guhindura ingamba zo gucunga bidatinze gukumira amafi nimpfu.

Guverinoma ya Qazaqistan iherutse kumenya akamaro ko kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’amazi hagamijwe iterambere rirambye ry’amafi. Muri gahunda zayo zo guteza imbere ubuhinzi mu gihugu, guverinoma yatangiye gushishikariza inganda z’ubuhinzi gukoresha ibikoresho byo kugenzura ubwenge kandi bitanga inkunga igice. Hagati aho, imiryango mpuzamahanga n’amasosiyete mpuzamahanga ateza imbere ikoranabuhanga n’ibikoresho by’ubuhinzi bigezweho muri Qazaqistan, bikarushaho kwihutisha ikoreshwa rya sensor ya EC hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rishinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’amazi mu gihugu. Iyi nkunga ya politiki no gutangiza ikoranabuhanga byatanze uburyo bwiza bwo kuvugurura inganda z’amafi yo muri Qazaqistan.

Amahame ya tekinike hamwe na sisitemu yibigize amazi meza EC Sensors

Ibyuma bifata amashanyarazi (EC) nibyingenzi bigize sisitemu igezweho yo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’amazi, ikora ishingiye ku bipimo nyabyo byerekana ubushobozi bwo gukemura. Mu bikorwa by’ubuhinzi bw’amafi muri Qazaqisitani, sensor ya EC isuzuma ibishishwa byose byashonze (TDS) hamwe n’umunyu mwinshi mu kumenya imiterere ya ion mu mazi, bitanga amakuru akomeye mu micungire y’ubuhinzi. Urebye mu buryo bwa tekiniki, sensor ya EC ishingiye cyane cyane ku mahame y’amashanyarazi: iyo electrode ebyiri zinjijwe mu mazi hanyuma hagashyirwaho ingufu zindi zisimburana, ion zashonze zigenda zerekeza ku mashanyarazi, kandi sensor ibara agaciro ka EC mu gupima ubukana bwubu. Kugira ngo wirinde amakosa yo gupimwa yatewe na electrode polarisiyasi, ibyuma bya EC bigezweho bikoresha amasoko ashimishije ya AC hamwe nubuhanga bwo gupima inshuro nyinshi kugirango amakuru yizewe kandi ahamye.

Kubireba imiterere ya sensor, ibyuma byamazi ya EC mubisanzwe bigizwe nibintu byunvikana hamwe nuburyo bwo gutunganya ibimenyetso. Ikintu cyunvikana gikunze gukorwa na titanium cyangwa platine electrode irwanya ruswa, ishobora kwihanganira imiti itandukanye mumazi yo guhinga mugihe kirekire. Ikimenyetso cyo gutunganya ibimenyetso cyongerera imbaraga, muyungurura, no guhindura ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi bidakomeye mubisubizo bisanzwe. Imashini ya EC ikunze gukoreshwa mumirima ya Qazaqistan akenshi ifata igishushanyo cya electrode enye, aho electrode ebyiri zikoresha umuyaga uhoraho naho izindi ebyiri zipima itandukaniro rya voltage. Iki gishushanyo gikuraho neza kwivanga kwa electrode polarisiyasi hamwe nubushobozi bwimiterere, bigatera imbere cyane ibipimo byukuri, cyane cyane mubuhinzi hamwe nubunyu butandukanye.

Indishyi z'ubushyuhe ni ikintu gikomeye cya tekinike ya sensor ya EC, kuko agaciro ka EC kagira ingaruka cyane kubushyuhe bwamazi. Ibyuma bya EC bigezweho muri rusange biranga ubushyuhe bwubushakashatsi bwuzuye buhita bwishyura ibipimo bihwanye nuburinganire busanzwe (ubusanzwe 25 ° C) binyuze muri algorithm, byemeza ko amakuru agereranywa. Urebye aho igihugu cya Qazaqisitani kiri imbere, ubushyuhe bwinshi bwa buri munsi, hamwe nubushyuhe bukabije bwibihe, iyi mikorere yo kwishyura ubushyuhe bwikora ni ngombwa cyane. Inganda zohereza inganda ziva mu nganda nka Shandong Renke nazo zitanga uburyo bwo guhinduranya ubushyuhe bw’intoki kandi bwikora, bigatuma ihinduka ry’imihindagurikire y’ubuhinzi butandukanye muri Kazakisitani.

Urebye uburyo bwo guhuza sisitemu, sensor ya EC mumirima y’amafi yo muri Kazakisitani ikora muburyo bwa sisitemu yo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’amazi menshi. Usibye EC, sisitemu nkiyi ihuza ibikorwa byo kugenzura ibipimo byiza byamazi meza nka ogisijeni yashonze (DO), pH, ubushobozi bwo kugabanya okiside (ORP), ububobere, na azote ya amoniya. Amakuru aturuka kuri sensor zitandukanye atangwa binyuze muri bisi ya CAN cyangwa tekinoroji itumanaho itagikoreshwa (urugero, TurMass, GSM) kumugenzuzi mukuru hanyuma igashyirwa kumurongo wigicu kugirango isesengurwe kandi ibike. IoT ibisubizo bituruka mubigo nka Weihai Jingxun Changtong bifasha abahinzi kureba amakuru yubuziranenge bwamazi mugihe nyacyo bakoresheje porogaramu za terefone kandi bakakira integuza kubintu bidasanzwe, bikazamura imikorere myiza yubuyobozi.

Imbonerahamwe: Ibipimo bya tekiniki bisanzwe bya Acaculture EC Sensors

Mubikorwa bya Kazakisitani bifatika, uburyo bwa sensor sensor ya EC nabwo buratandukanye. Ku mirima minini yo hanze, sensor akenshi zishyirwaho hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa buoy cyangwa uburyo-bwo gushiraho kugirango harebwe aho bapima. Mu ruganda ruzenguruka sisitemu y’ubuhinzi bw’amazi (RAS), gushyiramo imiyoboro birasanzwe, bikurikirana neza ihinduka ry’amazi mbere na nyuma yo kuvurwa. Ikurikiranwa ry’inganda za EC kuri tekinoroji ya Gandon naryo ritanga uburyo bwo kwishyiriraho ibicuruzwa, bikwiranye n’ubuhinzi bwimbitse cyane busaba gukurikirana amazi ahoraho. Bitewe n'ubukonje bukabije mu turere tumwe na tumwe twa Kazakisitani, ibyuma byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bya EC bifite ibikoresho byo kurwanya ubukonje kugira ngo bikore neza mu bushyuhe buke.

Kubungabunga Sensor ni urufunguzo rwo kugenzura igihe kirekire. Ikibazo gikunze guhura n’imirima ya Qazaqistan ni biofouling - imikurire ya algae, bagiteri, nizindi mikorobe ku buso bwa sensor, bigira ingaruka ku gupima neza. Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, ibyuma bya EC bigezweho bikoresha ibishushanyo mbonera bitandukanye, nka sisitemu yo kwisukura ya Shandong Renke hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima fluorescence, bigabanya cyane inshuro zo kubungabunga. Kuri sensor idafite ibikorwa byo kwisukura, yihariye "yo kwisukura" ifite ibikoresho byo gukanika imashini cyangwa gusukura ultrasonic irashobora guhora isukura hejuru ya electrode. Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rituma sensor ya EC ikora neza ndetse no mu turere twa kure twa Qazaqistan, bigabanya intoki.

Hamwe niterambere muri tekinoroji ya IoT na AI, sensor ya EC igenda iva mubikoresho bipima gusa ihinduka ibyemezo byubwenge. Urugero rugaragara ni eKoral, sisitemu yatunganijwe na Haobo International, ntabwo ikurikirana ibipimo by’amazi gusa ahubwo inakoresha algorithm yo kwiga imashini kugirango ihanure ibizagerwaho kandi ihite ihindura ibikoresho kugirango ibungabunge ubuzima bwiza. Ihinduka ry’ubwenge rifite akamaro kanini mu iterambere rirambye ry’inganda z’amafi yo muri Qazaqistan, rifasha abahinzi baho gutsinda icyuho cy’ubuhanga no kuzamura umusaruro n’ubwiza bw’ibicuruzwa.

EC Gukurikirana Ikibazo Cyasabwe Kumurima wa Sturgeon yo muri Kaspiya

Agace k'inyanja ya Kaspiya, kamwe mu turere tw’ingenzi mu bworozi bw'amafi yo muri Qazaqisitani, kazwiho ubuhinzi bwo mu bwoko bwa sturgeon bufite ireme kandi butanga umusaruro wa caviar. Nyamara, mu myaka yashize, kwiyongera kw’umunyu mu nyanja ya Kaspiya, hamwe n’umwanda w’inganda, byateje ibibazo bikomeye mu buhinzi bw’inzoka. Umurima munini wa sturgeon hafi ya Aktau watangije uburyo bwa sensor sensor ya EC, ukemura neza izo mpinduka z’ibidukikije binyuze mu kugenzura igihe no kuyihindura neza, biba icyitegererezo cy’ubuhinzi bw’amafi agezweho muri Qazaqistan.

Umurima ufite hafi hegitari 50, ukoresha gahunda yo guhinga igice cyafunzwe cyane cyane kubinyabuzima bifite agaciro kanini nka sturgeon yo mu Burusiya na stelge sturgeon. Mbere yo kwemeza igenzura rya EC, umurima washingiye gusa ku ntoki no gupima laboratoire, bituma amakuru atinda cyane kandi adashobora gutabara vuba ku ihindagurika ry’amazi. Mu mwaka wa 2019, umurima wafatanije na Haobo International mu gushyiraho uburyo bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’amazi bushingiye kuri IoT, hamwe na sensor ya EC nkibice byingenzi byashyizwe mubikorwa byingenzi nko ahantu h’amazi, mu byuzi by’ubuhinzi, no ku isoko ry’amazi. Sisitemu ikoresha itumanaho rya TurMass mu kohereza amakuru nyayo mucyumba cyo kugenzura hagati hamwe na porogaramu zigendanwa z’abahinzi, bigatuma igenzura 24/7 ridahagarara.

Nka fi ya euryhaline, sturgeon yo muri Kaspiya irashobora guhuza nubwoko butandukanye bwumunyu, ariko ibidukikije bikura neza bisaba agaciro ka EC hagati ya 12,000–14,000 μS / cm. Gutandukana kururu rwego bitera guhangayika, bigira ingaruka kumikurire nubwiza bwa caviar. Binyuze mu gukurikirana EC ikomeje, abatekinisiye b’ubuhinzi bavumbuye ihindagurika ry’ibihe mu myunyu y’amazi yinjira: mu gihe cy’urubura rw’urubura, kwiyongera kw’amazi meza ava mu ruzi rwa Wolga ndetse n’inzuzi zindi byagabanije agaciro ka EC ku nkombe kugera munsi ya 10,000 μS / cm, mu gihe umwuka w’impeshyi ushobora kuzamura agaciro ka EC hejuru ya 16,000 μS / cm. Ihindagurika ryakunze kwirengagizwa mu bihe byashize, bigatuma gukura kwa sturgeon kutaringaniye.

Imbonerahamwe: Kugereranya EC Gukurikirana Ingaruka Zisaba Kumurima wa Kaspiya Sturgeon

Ukurikije amakuru nyayo ya EC, umurima washyizeho ingamba nyinshi zo guhindura neza. Iyo agaciro ka EC kagabanutse munsi yurugero rwiza, sisitemu ihita igabanya amazi meza kandi ikora irongera kugirango yongere igihe cyo gufata amazi. Iyo agaciro ka EC kari hejuru cyane, byongereye amazi meza kandi byongera aeration. Ibi byahinduwe, mbere bishingiye kubucamanza bufatika, ubu byari bifite ubumenyi bwa siyansi, kunoza igihe nubunini bwibihinduka. Raporo y’ubuhinzi ivuga ko nyuma yo kwemeza igenzura rya EC, umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bwa sturgeon wiyongereyeho 28%, umusaruro wa caviar premium wavuye kuri 65% ugera kuri 82%, naho impfu zatewe n’ibibazo by’amazi ziva kuri 12% zigera kuri 4%.

Igenzura rya EC ryagize kandi uruhare runini mu kuburira hakiri kare. Mu mpeshyi 2021, sensor ya EC yavumbuye imitwe idasanzwe mu gaciro ka EC icyuzi kirenze ihindagurika risanzwe. Sisitemu yahise itanga integuza, abatekinisiye bahita bamenya amazi y’amazi ava mu ruganda rwegereye. Bitewe no kumenya igihe, umurima watandukanije icyuzi cyangiritse kandi ukora uburyo bwo kweza byihutirwa, birinda igihombo kinini. Nyuma yibi bibaye, ibigo by’ibidukikije byafatanyije n’umurima gushyiraho umuyoboro w’amazi wo mu karere w’ibanze ushingiye ku kugenzura EC, ukorera mu turere twinshi two ku nkombe.

Kubijyanye no gukoresha ingufu, sisitemu yo gukurikirana EC yatanze inyungu zingenzi. Ubusanzwe, umurima wahinduye amazi cyane mu rwego rwo kwirinda, gutakaza ingufu nyinshi. Hamwe nogukurikirana neza EC, abatekinisiye bahinduye ingamba zo guhana amazi, bahindura gusa mugihe bibaye ngombwa. Amakuru yerekanaga ko ingufu za pompe zikoreshwa mu murima zagabanutseho 35%, bizigama amadolari 25.000 buri mwaka mu gukoresha amashanyarazi. Byongeye kandi, bitewe n’amazi meza ahamye, imikoreshereze y’ibiryo bya sturgeon yateye imbere, igabanya ibiciro by’ibiryo hafi 15%.

Ubu bushakashatsi kandi bwahuye nibibazo bya tekiniki. Ibidukikije byo mu nyanja ya Kaspiya byasabye umunyu mwinshi cyane, hamwe na electrode ya sensor ya mbere yangirika mu mezi. Nyuma yo kunonosora ukoresheje titanium idasanzwe ya electrode hamwe no kuzamura amazu yo gukingira, igihe cyo kubaho cyongerewe imyaka irenga itatu. Iyindi mbogamizi ni ubukonje bwimbeho, bwagize ingaruka kumikorere ya sensor. Igisubizo cyarimo gushyiramo ubushyuhe buto hamwe na anti-ice buoys kumwanya wingenzi wo kugenzura kugirango ukore umwaka wose.

Iyi porogaramu ikurikirana ya EC yerekana uburyo guhanga udushya bishobora guhindura imikorere yubuhinzi gakondo. Umuyobozi ushinzwe ubuhinzi yagize ati: "Twakoraga mu mwijima, ariko dukoresheje amakuru nyayo ya EC, ni nko kugira 'amaso yo mu mazi' - dushobora kumva neza no kugenzura ibidukikije bya sturge." Intsinzi y'uru rubanza yakuruye mu zindi nganda z’ubuhinzi za Kazakisitani, ziteza imbere ikoreshwa rya sensor ya EC mu gihugu hose. Mu 2023, Minisiteri y’ubuhinzi ya Qazaqistan ndetse yashyizeho ibipimo ngenderwaho mu nganda hagamijwe kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’amazi y’amazi ashingiye kuri uru rubanza, bisaba imirima mito n'iciriritse gushyiraho ibikoresho by'ibanze byo kugenzura EC.

Imyitozo ngororamubiri yubunyu ku kiyaga cya Balkhash Amafi

Ikiyaga cya Balkhash, amazi akomeye mu majyepfo y’amajyepfo ya Qazaqistan, gitanga ahantu heza ho kororera amoko y’amafi y’ubucuruzi bitewe n’ibinyabuzima bidasanzwe by’ibinyabuzima. Nyamara, ikintu cyihariye kiranga ikiyaga ni itandukaniro ryinshi ry’umunyu hagati y’iburasirazuba n’iburengerazuba - akarere k’iburengerazuba, kugaburirwa n’umugezi wa Ili n’andi masoko y’amazi meza, gafite umunyu muke (EC ≈ 300-500 μS / cm), mu gihe akarere k’iburasirazuba, kabuze aho gasohokera, karundanya umunyu (EC ≈ 5,000-6,000 μS / cm). Iki gipimo cyumunyu gitera imbogamizi zidasanzwe kuburobyi bwamafi, bigatuma inganda zubuhinzi zaho zishakisha uburyo bushya bwikoranabuhanga rya EC sensor.

Ubworozi bw'amafi “Aksu”, buherereye ku nkombe y'iburengerazuba bw'ikiyaga cya Balkhash, ni cyo kibanza kinini cyo muri ako karere gikora ifiriti, cyane cyane korora amoko y'amazi meza nka karp, carp ya silver, na carp nini, mu gihe anagerageza amafi yihariye. Uburyo bwa gakondo bwo guhiga bwahuye n’igipimo cy’imyororokere idahindagurika, cyane cyane mu gihe cy’urubura rwinshi igihe imvura yatemba y’uruzi rwa Ili yateje ihindagurika rikabije ry’amazi yinjira mu mazi EC (200-800 μS / cm), bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikurire y’amagi no kubaho neza. Mu 2022, uruganda rwashyizeho uburyo bwigenga bwo kugenzura imyunyu ishingiye kuri sensor ya EC, ihindura cyane iki kibazo.

Sisitemu yibanze ikoresha amashanyarazi ya Shandong Renke yinganda za EC, zerekana ubugari bwa 0–20.000 μS / cm hamwe na ± 1% byukuri, bikwiranye cyane n’ikiyaga cya Balkhash gihindagurika. Umuyoboro wa sensor ukoreshwa ahantu h'ingenzi nk'imiyoboro yinjira, ibigega bya incubation, n'ibigega, byohereza amakuru binyuze muri bisi ya CAN ku mugenzuzi wo hagati uhuza amazi meza / kuvanga amazi yo mu kiyaga kugira ngo ahindurwe umunyu. Sisitemu kandi ihuza ubushyuhe, umwuka wa ogisijeni ushonga, hamwe nubundi buryo bwo kugenzura ibipimo, bitanga amakuru yuzuye kubuyobozi bwubuhinzi.

Inkoko y amafi yunvikana cyane kumihindagurikire yumunyu. Kurugero, amagi ya karp arera neza muri EC ingana na 300-400 μS / cm, hamwe no gutandukana bigatuma igabanuka ryikigero nigipimo kinini cyo guhinduka. Binyuze mu gukurikirana EC ikomeje, abatekinisiye bavumbuye ko uburyo bwa gakondo bwatumaga ihindagurika ryikigega cya EC ihindagurika cyane kuruta uko byari byitezwe, cyane cyane mugihe cyo guhanahana amazi, hamwe n’ibipimo bigera kuri μ 150 μS / cm. Sisitemu nshya yageze kuri ± 10 μS / cm ihindura neza, izamura igipimo cyo kuva kuri 65% ikagera kuri 88% no kugabanya ubumuga kuva 12% kugeza munsi ya 4%. Iri terambere ryazamuye cyane umusaruro ushimishije hamwe nubukungu.

Mugihe cyo kurera, kugenzura EC byagaragaye ko bifite agaciro kangana. Ububiko bukoresha uburyo bwo kurwanya imyunyu buhoro buhoro kugirango bategure ifiriti kugirango irekurwe mu bice bitandukanye by'ikiyaga cya Balkhash. Ukoresheje umuyoboro wa sensor ya EC, abatekinisiye bagenzura neza imiyoboro yumunyu hejuru yicyuzi cyorora, bava mumazi meza (EC ≈ 300 μS / cm) bajya mumazi meza (EC ≈ 3000 μS / cm). Uku kumenyekanisha neza kwateje imbere ubuzima bwa fry ku kigero cya 30-40%, cyane cyane kubice bigenewe uturere tw’iburasirazuba bw’umunyu mwinshi.

Ikurikiranabikorwa rya EC ryanafashije kunoza imikorere y’amazi. Agace k'ikiyaga cya Balkhash gahura n'ikibazo cyo kubura amazi, kandi amazu gakondo yishingikirizaga cyane ku mazi yo mu butaka kugira ngo ahindurwe umunyu, bikaba bihenze kandi bidashoboka. Mu gusesengura amakuru y’amateka ya EC, abatekinisiye bakoze uburyo bwiza bwo kuvanga amazi yo mu kiyaga n’ubutaka, bagabanya imikoreshereze y’amazi yo mu butaka ku kigero cya 60% mu gihe bujuje ibyangombwa by’uburobyi, bakazigama amadolari 12,000 buri mwaka. Iyi myitozo yatejwe imbere n’ibigo by’ibidukikije nkicyitegererezo cyo kubungabunga amazi.

Porogaramu idasanzwe muri uru rubanza yari irimo guhuza EC ikurikirana namakuru yikirere kugirango yubake icyitegererezo. Agace k'ikiyaga cya Balkhash gakunze guhura n’imvura nyinshi kandi hagwa urubura mu mpeshyi, bigatuma imigezi ya Ili itunguranye itunguranye igira ingaruka ku myunyu ngugu. Muguhuza amakuru ya sensor ya EC hamwe niteganyagihe, sisitemu ihanura inlet EC ihinduka amasaha 24-48 mbere, ihita ihindura ibipimo bivanga kugirango igenzurwe neza. Iyi mikorere yagaragaye ko ari ingenzi mu gihe cyumwuzure 2023, ikomeza igipimo cy’amafi hejuru ya 85% mugihe inyamanswa gakondo zegeranye zagabanutse munsi ya 50%.

Umushinga wahuye n’ibibazo byo kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere. Amazi yo mu kiyaga cya Balkhash arimo karubone nyinshi na sulfate, biganisha ku gupima electrode ibangamira ibipimo bifatika. Igisubizo cyakoreshaga electrode idasanzwe yo kurwanya scaling hamwe nuburyo bwogukora isuku ikora isuku yimashini buri masaha 12. Byongeye kandi, plankton nyinshi mu kiyaga yumvikanye hejuru ya sensor, igabanywa no guhitamo ahantu hashyizweho (kwirinda ahantu hafite biomass nyinshi) no kongeramo UV sterilisation.

Intsinzi ya “Aksu” yerekana uburyo ikoranabuhanga rya sensor sensor rishobora gukemura ibibazo by’amafi mu bidukikije bidasanzwe. Umuyobozi w’umushinga yagize ati: "Ikiranga imyunyu y’ikiyaga cya Balkhash cyahoze kitubabaza cyane, ariko ubu ni akarusho ko gucunga neza ubumenyi - mu kugenzura neza EC, dushiraho ibidukikije byiza by’amoko atandukanye y’amafi ndetse n’ikura ryayo." Uru rubanza rutanga ubushishozi bwubworozi bwamafi mu biyaga bisa, cyane cyane abafite imyunyu ngugu cyangwa ihindagurika ryumunyu.

Turashobora kandi gutanga ibisubizo bitandukanye kuri

1. Imashini ifata ubuziranenge bwamazi menshi

2. Kureremba Buoy sisitemu yubwiza bwamazi menshi

3. Gusukura byikora byikora kuri sensor nyinshi yamazi

4. Urutonde rwuzuye rwa seriveri hamwe na software idafite module, ishyigikira RS485 GPRS / 4g / WIFI / LORA / LORAWAN

Kubindi byinshi byamazi meza amakuru,

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