Imikoreshereze n'imikorere mishya y'imashini zo gusukura paneli za photovoltaic muri Arabiya Sawudite

Nk'igihugu gifite ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba nyinshi ku isi, Arabiya Sawudite irimo guteza imbere cyane inganda zayo zikora ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba kugira ngo ihindure imiterere y'ingufu. Ariko, inkubi z'umucanga zikunze kubaho mu turere tw'ubutayu zitera ivumbi rikomeye ku buso bwa PV, bigabanya cyane imikorere myiza y'amashanyarazi—ikintu cy'ingenzi kibangamira inyungu z'ubukungu bw'inganda zikoresha ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba. Iyi nkuru isesengura neza uko imashini zisukura PV muri Arabiya Sawudite zikoreshwa ubu, yibanda ku buryo ibisubizo by'ubuhanga byo gusukura byakozwe n'ibigo by'ikoranabuhanga byo mu Bushinwa bikemura ibibazo byo mu butayu bukabije. Binyuze mu bushakashatsi bwinshi, igaragaza ibyiza byabyo bya tekiniki n'inyungu z'ubukungu. Kuva ku nkombe y'inyanja itukura kugeza mu mujyi wa NEOM, no kuva ku miterere isanzwe ya PV kugeza kuri sisitemu zo gukurikirana, izi mashini zisukura zikoresha ubwenge zirimo kuvugurura uburyo bwo kubungabunga PV muri Arabiya Sawudite hamwe n'imikorere yazo myiza, uburyo zibika amazi, n'ubushobozi bwo gukora ikoranabuhanga, mu gihe zitanga uburyo bwo gukora ikoranabuhanga bushobora gukosorwa mu iterambere ry'ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati.

Ibibazo by'ivumbi n'ibikenewe mu isuku mu nganda za PV muri Arabiya Sawudite

Arabiya Sawudite ifite umutungo kamere w’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba udasanzwe, aho amasaha y’izuba arenga 3.000 ku mwaka n’ubushobozi bwo gutanga PV bugera kuri 2.200 TWh ku mwaka, bigatuma iba imwe mu turere dufite icyizere ku isi mu iterambere rya PV. Bitewe n’ingamba z’igihugu za “Vision 2030”, Arabiya Sawudite irimo kwihutisha ikoreshwa ryayo ry’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba, igamije 58.7 GW z’ubushobozi bukomoka ku mirasire y’izuba mu 2030, aho PV y’izuba ari yo igize igice kinini cy’imigabane. Ariko, nubwo ubutayu bunini bwa Arabiya Sawudite butanga umwanya uhagije ku nganda zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba, bunafite imbogamizi zidasanzwe mu mikorere—ivumbi ryiyongera rigatuma habaho igihombo mu mikorere.

Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko mu bice bimwe na bimwe byo mu gace k’Abarabu, ibyuma bya PV bishobora gutakaza 0.4–0.8% by’amashanyarazi akoreshwa buri munsi bitewe n’ivumbi, igihombo gishobora kurenza 60% mu gihe cy’imvura nyinshi y’umucanga. Uku kugabanuka k’ubushobozi bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku nyungu z’ubukungu bw’inganda za PV, bigatuma gusukura module biba igice cy’ingenzi mu kubungabunga PV yo mu butayu. Umukungugu ugira ingaruka ku bikoresho bya PV binyuze mu buryo butatu bw’ingenzi: icya mbere, uduce tw’umukungugu tuzitira izuba, bikagabanya kwinjiza fotoni mu mirasire y’izuba; icya kabiri, ivumbi rishyiraho imbogamizi z’ubushyuhe, byongera ubushyuhe bwa module no kugabanya ubushobozi bwo guhindura ibintu; naho icya gatatu, ibice byangiza mu mukungugu umwe na umwe bishobora kwangiza ubuso bw’ibirahure n’ibyuma mu buryo bw’igihe kirekire.

Imiterere yihariye y’ikirere cya Arabiya Sawudite yongera iki kibazo. Akarere ko ku nkombe z’inyanja itukura mu burengerazuba bwa Arabiya Sawudite ntigafite ivumbi rikabije gusa ahubwo gafite n’umwuka w’umunyu mwinshi, bigatuma habaho uruvange rw’umunyu n’ivumbi ku buso bwa module. Akarere ko mu burasirazuba gahura n’imvura nyinshi y’umucanga ishobora gutera ivumbi ryinshi ku mapane ya PV mu gihe gito. Byongeye kandi, Arabiya Sawudite ifite ikibazo cy’ibura ry’amazi menshi, aho 70% by’amazi meza ashingiye ku gusukura umunyu, bigatuma uburyo gakondo bwo gukaraba n’intoki buhenda kandi budakomeza. Ibi bintu byose hamwe bituma hakenerwa byihutirwa ibisubizo by’isuku bya PV byikora kandi bikoresha amazi neza.

Imbonerahamwe: Igereranya ry'ibiranga umwanda wa PV Panel mu turere dutandukanye twa Sawudite

Mu gukemura iki kibazo gikomeye cy’inganda, isoko rya PV muri Arabiya Sawudite ririmo kuva ku gusukura intoki kugera ku gusukura mu buryo bw’ubwenge. Uburyo gakondo bwo gukoresha intoki bugaragaza imbogamizi zigaragara muri Arabiya Sawudite: ku ruhande rumwe, ahantu kure h’ubutayu hatuma ikiguzi cy’abakozi kiba hejuru cyane; ku rundi ruhande, ibura ry’amazi ribuza ikoreshwa rinini ry’amazi yoza hakoreshejwe umuvuduko mwinshi. Igereranya ryerekana ko mu nganda zikorera kure, ikiguzi cyo gusukura intoki gishobora kugera ku madolari 12.000 kuri MW buri mwaka, aho ikoreshwa ry’amazi menshi rinyuranyije n’ingamba zo kubungabunga amazi muri Arabiya Sawudite. Mu buryo bunyuranye, robo zikora isuku zikoresha ikoranabuhanga zigaragaza inyungu zikomeye, zigabanye amafaranga arenga 90% by’ikiguzi cy’abakozi mu gihe zikoresha amazi neza binyuze mu kugenzura neza inshuro n’ubukana bw’isuku.

Guverinoma ya Arabiya Sawudite n'abikorera ku giti cyabo bemera akamaro k'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gusukura, bashishikariza byimazeyo ibisubizo byikora muri Gahunda y'Igihugu y'Ingufu Zishobora Gusubiramo (NREP). Iyi gahunda yihutishije ishyirwaho rya robots zo gusukura ku masoko ya Arabiya Sawudite. Ibigo by'ikoranabuhanga byo mu Bushinwa, bifite ibicuruzwa byabyo bikuze n'uburambe bwinshi mu gukoresha mu butayu, byabaye abatanga serivisi zikomeye ku isoko ryo gusukura PV muri Arabiya Sawudite. Urugero, Renoglean Technology, umufatanyabikorwa w'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima wa Sungrow, yabonye amadosiye arenga 13 GW y'amarobo yo gusukura mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, akaba ari we uyoboye isoko muri Arabiya Sawudite mu gutanga ibisubizo by'isuku by'ubwenge.

Mu rwego rw'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga, isoko ry'isuku rya PV muri Arabiya Sawudite rigaragaza ibintu bitatu bisobanutse: icya mbere, iterambere kuva ku gusukura ibintu bimwe kugeza ku bikorwa bihujwe, aho roboti zigenda zikoresha ubushobozi bwo kugenzura no kumenya ahantu hashyushye; icya kabiri, impinduka kuva ku bisubizo biva mu mahanga kugeza ku bisubizo byo mu gace runaka, hamwe n'ibicuruzwa byagenewe ikirere cya Arabiya Sawudite; icya gatatu, iterambere kuva ku mikorere yihariye kugeza ku mikoranire ya sisitemu, bihuzwa cyane na sisitemu zo gukurikirana na porogaramu za O&M zigezweho. Iyi miterere ihuriza hamwe ibikorwa byo kubungabunga PV muri Arabiya Sawudite biganisha ku iterambere ry'ubwenge n'imikorere myiza, bitanga icyizere cya tekiniki cyo kugera ku ntego z'ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa muri "Icyerekezo 2030."

Ibiranga tekiniki n'imiterere ya sisitemu ya roboti zo gusukura PV

Roboti zikora isuku zikoresheje ubwenge za PV, nk'ibisubizo by'ikoranabuhanga ku bidukikije byo mu butayu bwa Arabiya Sawudite, zihuza udushya mu ikoranabuhanga rya tekiniki, ubumenyi bw'ibikoresho, n'ikoranabuhanga rya IoT. Ugereranyije n'uburyo bwa gakondo bwo gusukura, sisitemu za roboti zigezweho zigaragaza inyungu zikomeye mu bya tekiniki, aho imiterere y'ingenzi ishingiye ku ntego enye: gukuraho ivumbi neza, kubungabunga amazi, kugenzura neza, no kwizerwa. Mu gihe cy'ikirere kibi cyane cy'ubutayu bwa Arabiya Sawudite, ibi biragaragara ko ari ingenzi cyane, bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku kiguzi cyo kubungabunga mu gihe kirekire no kwinjiza amafaranga mu ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi.

Mu buryo bwa tekiniki, roboti zo gusukura ku isoko rya Arabiya Sawudite zishyirwa mu byiciro bibiri: izishyirwaho na gari ya moshi n'izishyirwaho na yo ubwayo. Roboti zishyirwaho na gari ya moshi akenshi ziba zifatanye n'ibikoresho bya PV, zigakwirakwira ku buso bwose binyuze mu nzira z'imigozi cyangwa sisitemu z'insinga - nziza ku nganda nini zishyirwaho ku butaka. Roboti zishyirwaho na yo zitanga uburyo bwo kugenda neza, zikwiriye PV yo ku gisenge cyangwa ubutaka bugoye. Ku bijyanye na modules ebyiri na sisitemu zo gukurikirana zikoreshwa cyane muri Arabiya Sawudite, inganda zikomeye nka Renoglean zakoze roboti zihariye zifite "ikoranabuhanga ry'ikiraro" rituma habaho guhuza hagati ya sisitemu zo gusukura n'uburyo bwo gukurikirana, zigatuma isuku ikorwa neza nubwo imirongo ihindura inguni.

Ibice by'ingenzi by'uburyo bwo gusukura birimo uburoso buzunguruka, ibikoresho byo gukuraho ivumbi, sisitemu zo gutwara, n'ibikoresho byo kugenzura. Ibikenewe ku isoko rya Arabiya Sawudite byatumye habaho udushya duhoraho muri ibi bice: uburoso bwiza cyane n'ubudodo bwa karuboni bukuraho neza ivumbi ry'umunyu rifata nta gukurura ubuso bwa module; ubwikorezi bwisiga amavuta na moteri zifunze bitanga icyizere cy'igihe kirekire mu bidukikije by'umucanga; ibyuma bihumeka umwuka bikoresha umuvuduko mwinshi birwanya umwanda ukomeye mu gihe bigabanya ikoreshwa ry'amazi. Modeli ya Renoglean ya PR200 ifite sisitemu yo "kwisukura" ikuraho ivumbi ryikora mu gihe cyo gukora, igakomeza gukora isuku buri gihe.

• Gukuraho ivumbi neza: Isuku ikora neza >99.5%, umuvuduko wo gukora ni metero 15–20 ku munota
• Igenzura ry'ubwenge: Ishyigikira kugenzura kure ya IoT, inshuro zo gusukura zikoreshwa mu buryo bwa porogaramu n'inzira zayo
• Guhuza ibidukikije: Ubushyuhe bw'imikorere buri hagati ya -30°C na 70°C, urwego rwo kurinda IP68
• Igishushanyo mbonera kizigama amazi: Ahanini ni ugusukura byumye, amazi make ntarengwa, hakoreshejwe amazi asukura munsi ya 10% by'amazi yo mu bwoko bwa hand
• Guhuza neza: Ihuza na modules za mono/bifacial, trackers za single-axis, na sisitemu zitandukanye zo gushyiraho

Sisitemu zo gutwara n'amashanyarazi zitanga imikorere yizewe. Izuba ryinshi ryo muri Arabiya Sawudite ritanga imiterere myiza ku maroboti akora isuku akoresha imirasire y'izuba. Inyinshi muri izo moderi zikoresha sisitemu ebyiri z'amashanyarazi zihuza paneli za PV zikora neza cyane na bateri za lithium, zigatuma zikora neza mu minsi y'ibicu. Icy'ingenzi ni uko kugira ngo hakemurwe ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'impeshyi, inganda zikomeye zakoze sisitemu zihariye zo gucunga ubushyuhe bwa bateri zikoresha ibikoresho bihindura intera hamwe n'ubukonje bukora neza kugira ngo zigumane ubushyuhe butekanye, bikongera igihe cy'ubuzima bwa bateri. Kuri moteri zitwara, moteri za DC zitagira uburoso (BLDC) zikundwa kubera ubushobozi bwazo bwinshi no kudakora neza, zikorana n'ibikoresho bigabanya ubuziranenge kugira ngo zikore neza ku butaka bw'umucanga.

Sisitemu zo kugenzura zikoresha ubwenge zikora nk' "ubwonko" bwa robo kandi zigaragaza itandukaniro rikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga. Robot zo gusukura zigezweho zikoresha ibikoresho byinshi byo kugenzura ibidukikije bigenzura ivumbi, imiterere y'ikirere, n'ubushyuhe bwa module mu gihe nyacyo. Algorithm za AI zihindura ingamba zo gusukura hakurikijwe aya makuru, zigahinduka kuva ku isuku iteganyijwe kugera ku isuku ikenewe. Urugero, kongera isuku mbere y'imvura y'umucanga mu gihe cyongera igihe nyuma y'imvura. "Sisitemu yo Kugenzura Itumanaho mu Bicu" ya Renoglean inashyigikira guhuza robot nyinshi mu nganda, birinda ihungabana ritari ngombwa rituruka ku bikorwa byo gusukura. Ibi bintu by'ubwenge bituma robo zo gusukura zikomeza gukora neza nubwo ikirere gihindagurika muri Arabiya Sawudite.

Imiterere y’imiyoboro y’itumanaho no gucunga amakuru nayo yanogejwe neza mu gihe cy’ubutayu bwa Arabiya Sawudite. Bitewe n’ahantu henshi ho mu butayu hanini h’inganda za PV hafite ibikorwa remezo bibi, sisitemu za robo zisukura zikoresha imiyoboro y’itumanaho: ikoresha intera ngufi binyuze kuri LoRa cyangwa Zigbee mesh, ikoresha intera ndende binyuze kuri 4G/satellite. Kugira ngo habeho umutekano w’amakuru, sisitemu zishyigikira ububiko bw’amakuru bwanditse mu gace runaka no kubika amakuru mu bicu, bubahiriza amabwiriza akomeye ya Arabiya Sawudite. Abakoresha bashobora gukurikirana robo zose mu gihe nyacyo binyuze kuri porogaramu za telefoni zigendanwa cyangwa urubuga rwa interineti, kwakira amakuru y’amakosa, no guhindura ibipimo biri kure—binongera cyane imikorere myiza y’ubuyobozi.

Kugira ngo imiterere irambe, robo zo gusukura zatunganyijwe cyane kuva ku guhitamo ibikoresho kugeza ku gutunganya ubuso bwazo kugira ngo zikoreshwe mu bushyuhe bwinshi, ubushuhe bwinshi, n'umunyu mwinshi muri Arabiya Sawudite. Uduce twa aluminiyumu dushyirwamo anodization, ibyuma by'ingenzi bikoresha icyuma kitagira umugese kugira ngo birwanye kwangirika k'umunyu wo ku nkombe z'inyanja itukura; ibikoresho byose by'ikoranabuhanga byujuje ibisabwa mu nganda hamwe no gufunga neza umucanga winjira; inzira za rubber cyangwa amapine byakozwe byihariye bikomeza kwangirika mu bushyuhe bukabije, bikarinda ko ibikoresho bisaza bitewe n'ubushyuhe bwo mu butayu buhindagurika. Iyi miterere ituma robo zo gusukura zigera ku gihe kiri hagati y'igihe cyangiritse (MTBF) kirenga amasaha 10.000 mu bihe bikomeye bya Arabiya Sawudite, bigabanya cyane ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga ubuzima.

Ikoreshwa ryiza rya robo zo gusukura za PV muri Arabiya Sawudite rishingira kandi ku buryo bwo gutanga serivisi mu gace runaka. Inganda zikomeye nka Renoglean zashinze ububiko bw'ibikoresho bisimbura ibindi n'ibigo by'amahugurwa ya tekiniki muri Arabiya Sawudite, zikora amakipe yo kubungabunga ibikoresho byo mu gace runaka kugira ngo bitabire vuba. Kugira ngo habeho umuco wa Arabiya Sawudite, hari uburyo bwo guhuza ibikoresho n'inyandiko mu Cyarabu, hamwe n'ingengabihe yo kubungabunga ibikoresho byo mu minsi mikuru ya Kiyisilamu. Iyi ngamba yimbitse yo gushyira ibikoresho mu gace runaka ntiyongerera gusa ibyishimo ku bakiriya ahubwo inashyiraho urufatiro rukomeye rwo gukomeza kwagura ikoranabuhanga ry'ubuhanga mu gusukura ry'Abashinwa mu masoko yo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati.

Bitewe n’iterambere mu buhanga bwa AI na IoT, robots zo gusukura za PV zirimo kuva ku bikoresho byoroshye byo gusukura zikajya mu byiciro by’ubwenge bya O&M. Ibikoresho bishya ubu bihuza ibikoresho byo gusuzuma nka kamera zifata amashusho y’ubushyuhe na scanner za IV curve, bigakora igenzura ry’ubuzima bw’ibice mu gihe cyo gusukura; algorithms zo kwiga imashini zisesengura amakuru y’isuku y’igihe kirekire kugira ngo zihanure imiterere yo kwikusanya kw’umukungugu no kwangirika kw’imikorere ya module. Iyi mirimo yagutse izamura uruhare rwa robots zo gusukura mu nganda za PV zo muri Arabiya Sawudite, zigahindura buhoro buhoro kuva ku bigo by’ibiciro bikajya mu byongera inyungu ku bashoramari b’inganda.

Agasanduku ko gusukura mu buryo bw'ubwenge mu ruganda rwa PV rwo ku nkombe z'inyanja itukura

Umushinga wa PV yo ku Nyanja Itukura wa megawati 400, nk'uruganda runini rw'izuba rwa mbere muri Arabiya Sawudite, wahuye n'ibibazo bisanzwe by'umunyu mwinshi n'ubushuhe bwinshi mu karere, biba urugero rw'ingenzi mu ikoranabuhanga ry'ubutasi ry'Abashinwa muri Arabiya Sawudite. Uyu mushinga wakozwe na ACWA Power, ni igice cy'ingenzi cya gahunda z'ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa muri Arabiya Sawudite "Vision 2030". Aho uherereye harangwa n'ikirere cyihariye cyane: ubushyuhe busanzwe buri ku mwaka burenga dogere selisiyusi 30, ubushuhe buri gihe burenga 60%, kandi umwuka mwinshi wuzuye umunyu woroshye utuma ibisigazwa by'umunyu bikomera ku mapine ya PV - aho uburyo bwo gusukura gakondo budakora neza kandi buhenze.

Mu gukemura ibi bibazo, umushinga waje gukoresha uburyo bwa Renoglean bwo gusukura bushingiye ku marobo yo gusukura ya PV yo mu bwoko bwa PR, ushyiramo udushya twinshi mu ikoranabuhanga cyane cyane ku bidukikije birimo umunyu mwinshi: amafuremu ya titaniyumu arwanya ingese n'udupira dufunze birinda kwangirika k'umunyu ku bice by'ingenzi; imigozi y'uburoso yavuwe byihariye yirinda ko uduce tw'umunyu twangirika cyangwa kwanduzanya mu gihe cyo gusukura; sisitemu zo kugenzura zongereyeho uburyo bwo gupima ubushuhe kugira ngo zihindure ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo gusukura mu gihe cy'ubushuhe bwinshi kugira ngo haboneke umusaruro mwiza. Ikigaragara ni uko amarobo yo gusukura y'umushinga yahawe icyemezo cyo kurwanya ingese cyo hejuru cyane mu nganda za PV ku isi, kikaba cyari igisubizo cyo gusukura cyateye imbere cyane mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati icyo gihe.

Uburyo bwo gusukura bwakoreshejwe mu mushinga w’inyanja itukura bwagaragaje ubushobozi budasanzwe bwo guhuza ibintu n’ikoranabuhanga. Ishingiro ryoroshye ry’inkombe ryateje ubwumvikane buke ku miterere imwe n’imwe y’imirongo, bituma inzira y’umuhanda ihinduka kugeza kuri ± 15 cm. Itsinda rya tekiniki rya Renoglean ryashyizeho uburyo bwo gusukura butuma robo zisukura zikora neza muri ubwo burebure, bituma isuku ikomeza kuzamuka. Ubu buryo kandi bwakoresheje imiterere ya modular, aho robo imwe ikora ibice bigera kuri metero 100—ibice byashoboraga gukora byigenga cyangwa bigahuza binyuze mu kugenzura hagati kugira ngo ikigo cyose gicungwe neza. Ubu buryo bworoshye bworohereje cyane kwaguka mu gihe kizaza, butuma ubushobozi bwo gusukura bukura hamwe n’ubushobozi bw’ibihingwa.

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