Uburasirazuba bwa Tropical y'Amajyaruguru ya Pasifika (ETNP) nigice kinini, gihoraho, kandi cyongera ingufu za ogisijeni ntoya (OMZ) igize hafi kimwe cya kabiri cyubuso bwa OMZ ku isi. Muri OMZ yibanze (m350-700 m zubujyakuzimu), ogisijeni yashonze iba hafi cyangwa munsi yumupaka wo gusesengura ibintu bigezweho (∼10 nM). Imisemburo ya ogisijeni ihanamye hejuru no munsi ya OMZ iganisha ku buryo buhagaritse bw’imiterere ya mikorobe nayo itandukana hagati y’ibice bifitanye isano (PA) nuduce duto twubusa (FL). Hano, dukoresha 16S amplicon ikurikirana (iTags) kugirango dusesengure itandukaniro nogukwirakwiza kwabaturage ba prokaryyotike hagati yubunini bwa FL na PA no mubice bitandukanye bya redox ibidukikije. Imiterere ya hydrographic aho twigaga yari itandukanye nibyavuzwe mbere muri ETNP nizindi OMZ, nka ETSP. Kurikirana umwuka wa ogisijeni (∼0.35 μM) wari uhari muri OMZ yibanze aho twahisemo. Kubera iyo mpamvu, kwirundanya kwa nitrite mubisanzwe byavuzwe kuri cores ya OMZ ntibyari bihari nkuko byakurikiranwe na bagiteri ya anammox (ubwoko bwa BrocadialesUmukandidaScalindua), ikunze kuboneka hakurya ya oxic-anoxic imbibi zindi sisitemu. Nyamara, bagiteri ya amoniya-okiside (AOB) na archaea (AOA) ikwirakwizwa hamwe nigipimo kinini cya autotrophique carbone assimilasiyo (1.4 μM C d–1) byahuriranye no kuvuga amonium yibanze cyane hafi yisonga rya OMZ. Byongeye kandi, abagize ubwokoNitrospina, clade yiganjemo nitrite-okiside ya bacteri (NOB) yari ihari yerekana ko okiside ya ammonia na nitrite ibaho murwego rwo hejuru rwa ogisijeni. Isesengura ryikigereranyo gisa (ANOSIM) na Non-metric Dimensional Scaling (nMDS) ryerekanye ko bagiteri ya bagiteri na archaeal phylogeneque itandukanye cyane hagati yubunini buke. Ukurikije imyirondoro ya ANOSIM na iTag, ibice bigize inteko za PA ntabwo byatewe cyane nubutegetsi bwiganje bushingiye ku burebure bwa biogeochemiki kuruta agace ka FL. Dushingiye ku kuba AOA, NOB hamwe na ogisijeni ikurikirana muri OMZ turasaba ko nitrifisiyasi ari inzira ikora muri azote ya azote yo muri kano karere ka ETNP OMZ.
Intangiriro
Mu rwego rwo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere hamwe n’ibikorwa by’abantu byaho, umwuka wa ogisijeni ushonga wagabanutse mu nyanja ifunguye ndetse no mu nyanja zo ku nyanja (Breitburg n'abandi., 2018). Ikigereranyo cya ogisijeni yaturutse mu nyanja ifunguye mu myaka 60 ishize irenga 2% (Schmidtko n'abandi, 2017), gutera impungenge kubyerekeye ingaruka zo kwaguka kwa ogisijeni yagabanutse (Paulmier na Ruiz-Pino, 2009). Gufungura inyanja OMZs iyo hejuru yubuso bwibanze butanga ingufu za ogisijeni ikenerwa mumazi yo munsi y'ubutaka burenze igipimo cyo guhumeka kumubiri. Imyunyungugu ya Oxygene mu nkingi y’amazi ya OMZ irashobora kugira gradients ihanamye (oxycline) hejuru no munsi ya ogisijeni yagabanutse ikora hypoxic (ubusanzwe hagati ya 2 na ∼90 μM), suboxic (<2 μM) na anoxic (munsi y’imipaka (∼10 nM) ibice bitandukanye (Bertagnolli na Stewart, 2018). Imisemburo ya Oxygene iganisha ku buryo buhagaritse bw’imiterere ya metazoan na mikorobe hamwe na biogeochemiki yuburyo bwa oxycline nini (Belmar n'abandi., 2011).
Bimwe mu bipimo byinshi byo gutakaza azote byanditswe muri OMZs yo mu burasirazuba bwa Tropical y'Amajyaruguru ya Pasifika (ETNP) na Pasifika y'Amajyepfo (ETSP) (Callbeck n'abandi., 2017;Ikaramu n'abandi., 2019), ikibaya cya Cariaco gihoraho (Montes n'abandi., 2013), Inyanja y'Abarabu (Ward n'abandi., 2009), na OMZ ya sisitemu yo kuzamura Benguela (Kuypers n'abandi., 2005). Muri ubwo buryo, uburyo bwa mikorobe yo gutandukanya Canonical (kugabanya heterotropique ya nitrate kugera kuri azote ihuza kandi akenshi na gaze ya dinitrogen) na anammox (okiside ya anaerobic ammonium) itera igihombo cya azote gishobora kugabanya umusaruro wibanze (Ward n'abandi., 2007). Byongeye kandi, imyuka yo mu nyanja ya azote yo mu nyanja (gaze ya parike ikomeye) ituruka kuri mikorobe igaragara muri OMZs bivugwa ko nibura kimwe cya gatatu cy’ibicuruzwa byangiza imyuka ya azote ku isi (Naqvi n'abandi., 2010).
ETNP OMZ ni nini nini, itajegajega, kandi ikomeza ingufu za ogisijeni ntoya hafi ya kimwe cya kabiri cyubuso bwa OMZs ku isi, iherereye hagati ya 0-25 ° N nuburebure bwa 75 na 180 ° W.Paulmier na Ruiz-Pino, 2009;Schmidtko n'abandi, 2017). Kubera akamaro k’ibidukikije, biogeochemie na mikorobe itandukanye yo mu turere dutandukanye twa ETNP OMZ yizwe cyane (urugero,Beman na Carolan, 2013;Duret n'abandi., 2015;Ganesh n'abandi, 2015;Chronopoulou n'abandi, 2017;Gupakira n'ibindi., 2015;Peng n'abandi, 2015). Ubushakashatsi bwibanze buvuga ko umwuka wa ogisijeni ushonga muri iyi OMZ (uburebure bwa m250-750 m) ubusanzwe uri hafi cyangwa munsi y’imipaka yo gusesengura (∼10 nM) (Tiano n'abandi., 2014;Garcia-Robledo n'abandi, 2017). Nyamara, kuruhande rwamajyaruguru ya OMZ ya ETNP (ahakorerwa ubushakashatsi ∼22 ° N) imyuka ya ogisijeni kuri m 500 irashobora kugera ku kigereranyo cyumwaka hagati ya 10 na 20 μM (Paulmier na Ruiz-Pino, 2009; Amakuru yo mu nyanja ya Atlas 2013)1. Mu gihe cyo kwiyamamaza mu murima twavuzwe hano, twapimye ogisijeni mu nsi ya OMZ ku buryo buhagije (0.35 μM) kugira ngo dushyigikire mikorobe zo mu kirere, nka amonium na okiside ya nitrite, kandi tubuza igice cya mikorobe ikomeye ya anaerobic. Uburyo bwa mikorobe yo mu kirere byagaragaye mbere mubice bisa nkibisanzwe cyangwa uburozi bwa ETNP OMZ (Peng n'abandi, 2015;Garcia-Robledo n'abandi, 2017;Ikaramu n'abandi., 2019). Nyamara, ibintu bigenzura ikwirakwizwa nigikorwa cyamatsinda yihariye yimikorere ya mikorobe muri OMZs ntikirasobanuka neza.
Kubaho kwa nitrifiers aho ogisijeni itamenyekana muri OMZ irashobora gusobanurwa nimpinduka ziheruka mumwanya uhagaze wa oxycline bitewe na episodic vertical vertical ogisijeni ihumeka, ishobora kuganisha kuri ogisijeni ya ephemeral ya ogisijeni iri muri OMZ (Muller-Karger n'abandi, 2001;Ulloa n'abandi., 2012;Garcia-Robledo n'abandi, 2017). Ibihe byigihe gito birashobora gukoreshwa nabantu ba aerobic cyangwa microaerophilique, harimo nitrifiers. Byongeye kandi, ibice byo kurohama biva muri epipelagic (selile yegeranijwe, pellet fecal, nibikoresho kama kama) birashobora kuba birimo urugero rwa ogisijeni (Ganesh n'abandi, 2014). Ni yo mpamvu, ogisijeni na mikorobe zo mu kirere zishobora kujyanwa mu yandi mazi adafite ubumara, bigatuma by'agateganyo metabolism yo mu kirere ibaho ifatanije n’ibice. Ibice bizwi ko ari ahantu hashyushye mikorobe ya biogeochemiki yo gusiganwa ku magare (Simon n'abandi., 2002;Ganesh n'abandi, 2014) kandi irashobora gushyigikira itandukaniro rya mikorobe ya anaerobic cyangwa aerobic itagaragara mubuzima bwubuntu ((Alldredge na Cohen, 1987;Wright n'abandi., 2012;Suter n'abandi., 2018).
Muri ubu bushakashatsi, dukora iperereza ku baturage ba prokaryyotike bigarukira mu majyaruguru ya OMZ ya ETNP hamwe n’ibidukikije bishobora kugira ingaruka ku kugabana kwabo hakoreshejwe 16S amplicon ikurikirana (iTags) hamwe n’imibare itandukanye. Twasuzumye ibice bibiri by'ubunini; ubuzima-bwisanzuye (0.2-2,7 mm) igice, hamwe nigice gifitanye isano nuduce (> 2,7 mm, gufata uduce kimwe na selile protistan) mubwimbitse bwinshi hafi ya oxycline ihuye nuburyo butandukanye bwa redox.
Turashobora gutanga ibyuma bya ogisijeni yashonze hamwe nibintu bitandukanye, kugirango molekile yibanze ikurikiranwe mugihe nyacyo. Murakaza neza
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Jul-05-2024