Nuburyo bwuzuye, bwizewe, nigikorwa kidafite abapilote, biha imbaraga zose kugenzura imigezi-ikiyaga-ikigega, gucunga amazi yo mumijyi, no gukumira no kugabanya ibiza.
[Global Hydrological Technology Frontier] Vuba aha, isoko ry’ibikoresho byo kugenzura hydrologiya ku isi byatangaje amakuru ashimishije: igisekuru gishya cy’amazi meza ya hydrologiya ya radar cyagaragaye ko igurishwa ry’ibicuruzwa biturika bitewe n’ikoranabuhanga rishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga, rikaba ryarahisemo guhitamo ishami rishinzwe kubungabunga amazi, ibigo by’ibidukikije, hamwe n’abashoramari bo mu mujyi bafite ubwenge ku isi. Icyamamare cyiki gikoresho cyerekana ibihe bishya mugukurikirana hydrologiya, kuva kuri "guhuza-gushingiye" kuri "kudahuza" guhuza "sisitemu-ikirere-yubutaka".
Guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga: Umushoferi wibanze inyuma yicyamamare
Uburyo bwa gakondo bwo gupima imigezi, nka metero zubu na ADCP, bisaba ko sensor zishyirwa mumazi, bigatuma zishobora kwibasirwa n’imyanda, kwirundanya kwimyanda, no kwangirika. Ubu buryo bukubiyemo kubungabunga no guhungabanya umutekano. Intsinzi ya hydrological radar flowmeters iri mubushobozi bwabo bwo gukemura neza izi ngingo zimaze igihe zibabaza inganda, hamwe nibyiza byingenzi birimo:
Mubyukuri Ibipimo Bidahuza: Igikoresho gikoresha 24GHz / 60GHz tekinoroji ya radar yumurongo mwinshi. Birakenewe gusa gushyirwaho ikiraro cyangwa hejuru yubuso bwamazi kugirango umenye kure umuvuduko w umuvuduko. Rukuruzi ntirukora ku mazi, yirinda rwose ingaruka zo gutwarwa numwuzure, gushyingurwa mubutaka, cyangwa kwangirika, bikongerera igihe cyacyo.
Ibisobanuro Byuzuye kandi Byuzuye: Binyuze mu bumenyi bugezweho bwo gutunganya ibimenyetso bya radar, birashobora icyarimwe gupima umuvuduko w’ubutaka bw’amazi n’urwego rw’amazi (bidashoboka), hamwe nuburyo bwububiko bwo kubara kugirango bisohore mu buryo butaziguye umuvuduko wuzuye. Ukuri kwayo kurenze kure ibipimo byinganda, byujuje ibisabwa kuri sitasiyo ya hydrologiya yo mu cyiciro cya mbere.
Kwiyubaka byoroshye no Kubungabunga bike: Kwishyiriraho ntibisaba flumes ihenze, weir, cyangwa guhagarika imigezi, bigabanya cyane ubuhanga bwubwubatsi nibiciro byambere. Nyuma yo kwishyiriraho, hafi yubusa, bigabanya cyane ingaruka nigiciro cyibikorwa byo murwego.
Kurwanya Ibidukikije Bikomeye: Bikora neza mubihe bikabije nkimvura nyinshi, imyuzure, ubushyuhe bukonje, amazi yumuyaga, indabyo za algal, hamwe n’imyanda ireremba, itanga amakuru ahoraho kandi yizewe.
Ubwenge bwa IoT hamwe no Kwishyira hamwe: Byubatswe muri 4G / 5G hamwe na moderi y'itumanaho ya LoRa ishyigikira iboneza rya kure, kwisuzumisha, no guhererekanya amakuru nyayo. Amakuru arashobora kwinjizwa muburyo butandukanye bwa hydrologiya yigihugu, ibicu byogucunga amazi meza, hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura abikorera, bigafasha gucunga neza amazi nubwenge.
Ikoreshwa rya Porogaramu: Kurinda Byuzuye Imigezi Kugana Imijyi "Amaraso Yamaraso"
Kuba icyamamare cya hydrologiya ya radar ituruka ku buryo butandukanye bwo gukoresha no kudasimburwa, bigatuma baba “abashinzwe gukurikirana imigezi” mu bice byinshi bikomeye:
Igenzura ry'Uruzi n'Ibigega: Ikora nk'ibikoresho by'ibanze bya sitasiyo yo kugenzura imigezi kuri interineti mu nzuzi karemano, ku bigega, no mu miyoboro y'amazi. Irakwiriye cyane cyane imigezi yo mumisozi ihindagurika ryamazi yihuse hamwe nubutumburuke bwinshi, itanga amakuru yingenzi yo kurwanya umwuzure no gutanga umutungo wamazi.
Imicungire y’amazi meza yo mu mijyi no kuburira umwuzure: Yashyizwe ahantu hakomeye nkumuyoboro w’amazi yo mu mijyi, imiyoboro y’imyanda itunganya imyanda / aho isohokera, hamwe n’imigezi y’inzuzi, ikurikirana imigendekere y’amazi mu gihe nyacyo, itanga amakuru y’ibanze ku buryo bwo kuburira imyuzure yo mu mijyi no gushyigikira ibikorwa bya “drain drainage” na “sponge city”.
Kuvugurura Ikurikiranwa ry’imigezi mito n'iciriritse: Mu gihe ibihugu biteza imbere ivugururwa rya sisitemu yo kugenzura hydrologiya ku nzuzi nto n'iziciriritse, imiyoboro ya radar niwo muti watoranijwe wo kohereza vuba no kuziba icyuho cyo kugenzura bitewe n’uburyo bworoshye bwo kuyishyiraho no kuyitaho nta buntu.
Gukurikirana Ibidukikije no gucunga neza ibidukikije: Byakoreshejwe mu kugenzura imigendekere y’ibidukikije n’ibisohoka mu mazi y’inganda, bitanga amakuru yuzuye yo kubahiriza ibidukikije no kurengera ibidukikije by’amazi.
Imishinga yo Kuhira no Kubungabunga Amazi: Yashyizwe ku miyoboro minini n’ishami ry’uturere twinshi two kuhira, ituma gupima neza no kugabura neza umutungo w’amazi, guteza imbere kuhira imyaka.
[Ijwi ry'isoko]
Umuyobozi w'ikigo gishinzwe umutungo w’amazi mu ntara yagize ati: “Mu bihe byashize, gupima imigezi mu gihe cy’umwuzure byasabaga abakozi bo mu murima gukoresha ibikoresho mu mazi y’umwuzure. Hamwe na radar zitemba, ubu dushobora kubona amakuru nyayo avuye ku biro byacu, tukarinda umutekano cyane mu gihe tunonosora amakuru ku gihe no gukomeza. Iyi ni intambwe ikomeye yatewe mu bikorwa byo kuvugurura hydrologiya.”
Kugeza ubu, ibicuruzwa byakoreshejwe neza mu mishinga minini y’imbere mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga, nk’umushinga w’amazi yo mu majyepfo y’amajyaruguru y’Ubushinwa, umushinga w’amazi meza y’amazi y’amazi ya Yangtze, hamwe na gahunda yo kuburira imyuzure ya Chao Phraya yo muri Tayilande, yakiriwe neza n’inganda. Abasesenguzi bateganya ko uko ibisabwa bigenzurwa n’amazi bigenda byiyongera bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku isi ndetse n’ishoramari mu kubungabunga amazi meza muri gahunda z’ibikorwa remezo “bigenda byiyongera, icyifuzo cy’imashanyarazi ya radar hydrologiya kizakomeza kwiyongera vuba, hamwe n’iterambere ry’inganda.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-04-2025