Itariki: 21 Mutarama 2025
Mu mijyi ituwe cyane ikwirakwira hirya no hino muri Amerika yo Hagati n'iy'Amajyepfo, imvura si ikintu cy'ikirere gusa; ni imbaraga zikomeye zihindura ubuzima bw'abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni. Kuva mu mihanda yuzuye abantu ya Bogotá, muri Kolombiya, kugeza ku mihanda myiza ya Valparaíso, muri Chili, gucunga neza umutungo kamere w'amazi biri kugenda biba ingenzi cyane mu gihe imijyi ihura n'ibibazo bikomeje kwiyongera bijyanye n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere, imyuzure mu mijyi, n'ibura ry'amazi.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, hatangiye kugaragara igisubizo gishya ku bisenge by'inzu, pariki no ku mbuga rusange: ibikoresho bipima imvura. Ibi bikoresho bigezweho, bipima imvura neza mu gihe nyacyo, birimo gutegura inzira yo kunoza igenamigambi ry'imijyi, ibikorwa remezo bifasha abaturage guhangana n'ibiza, no kunoza ubushobozi bwabo bwo guhangana n'ibiza.
Ihinduka ry'ikoranabuhanga: Izamuka ry'ibipimo by'imvura
Mu bihe byashize, abashinzwe igenamigambi ry'imijyi bishingikirizaga ku maraporo y'ikirere ya buri gihe n'uburyo budasaza kugira ngo bacunge amazi y'imvura kandi bayakoreshe mu kugena umutungo. Gushyiraho uburyo bwo gupima imvura byahinduye iyi gahunda ishaje. Mu gutanga amakuru nyayo y'imvura ashingiye ku hantu, ubu buryo butuma abayobozi b'imijyi bafata ibyemezo bifatika ku bijyanye n'imiyoboro y'amazi, ingamba zo gukumira imyuzure, n'ingamba zo kubungabunga amazi.
Mariana Cruz, injeniyeri w’ibidukikije ukorana n’ikigo gishinzwe igenamigambi rya Bogotá Metropolitan, yasobanuye ati: “Muri Bogotá, aho imvura nyinshi ishobora gutera imyuzure ikomeye, kubona amakuru nyayo bidufasha kwitega no guhangana n’ibibazo byihutirwa. Mbere, twafataga ibyemezo bishingiye ku makuru y’amateka atari ko buri gihe agaragaza imimerere iriho ubu.”
Kubaka Imijyi Ifite Ubuhanga: Gushyiramo Sensors mu Igenamigambi ry'Imijyi
Muri Amerika yo Hagati n'iy'Amajyepfo, imijyi irimo gukoresha imbaraga za interineti y'ibintu (IoT) kugira ngo ishyire mu bikorwa ibisubizo by'imijyi bigezweho. Mu mijyi nka São Paulo, muri Brezili, na Quito, muri Ekwateri, imiyoboro y'ibikoresho byo gupima imvura yashyizwe mu bikorwa nk'igice cy'ibikorwa byagutse by'imijyi igezweho.
Urugero, i São Paulo, umujyi watangije umushinga wa "Smart Rain", uhuza ibikoresho birenga 300 mu gace kose k'umujyi. Ibi bikoresho byongera amakuru muri sisitemu y'ibicu ifasha abayobozi b'umujyi gukurikirana imiterere y'imvura no guhanura imyuzure ishobora kubaho mu gihe nyacyo.
Carlos Mendes, umuyobozi w’umushinga muri Guverinoma y’Umujyi wa São Paulo, yagize ati: “Dukomeje gukurikirana, dushobora kumenya uduce tw’umujyi dushobora kuba twibasirwa n’imyuzure no kumenyesha abaturage mbere y’uko ibiza biba. Iri koranabuhanga rirokora ubuzima n’imitungo.”
Ubufatanye n'abaturage: Guha ubushobozi abaturage bo mu gace
Ingaruka z'ibikoresho bipima imvura ntizigarukira ku nzego z'ubuyobozi bw'umujyi; binatuma abaturage barushaho kugira imbaraga. Imijyi myinshi yafatanyije n'imiryango yo mu gace runaka mu gushyiraho no kubungabunga ibyo bikoresho, bigatuma abaturage bumva ko ari ibyabo. Mu gushishikariza abaturage kwitabira gukurikirana ibidukikije, imijyi ishobora kwimakaza umuco wo guhangana n'ibiza biterwa n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere.
I Medellín, muri Kolombiya, hakozwe gahunda yo gufasha abaturage ku rwego rwo hejuru izwi nka“Lluvia y Ciudad”(Rain and City) ihuriza hamwe abakorerabushake bo mu gace runaka mu gushyiraho no gucunga ibikoresho bipima imvura mu duce batuyemo. Ubu bufatanye ntibwatanze gusa amakuru y'ingirakamaro ahubwo bwanatangije ibiganiro ku mihindagurikire y'ikirere, imicungire y'amazi, n'imibereho myiza y'imijyi.
Álvaro PérezUmuyobozi w’abaturage bo muri Medellín yagize ati: “Gushyira abaturage mu bikorwa bituma barushaho gusobanukirwa kubungabunga amazi n’akamaro ko gukora ibikorwa birambye. Abantu batangira kumva ko buri gitonyanga gifite agaciro, kandi gishobora kugira uruhare mu kubungabunga ubuzima bw’ibidukikije byabo.”
Guhangana n'ibibazo: Inzira iri imbere
Nubwo hari iterambere rishimishije, guhuza ibikoresho bipima imvura mu igenamigambi ry'imijyi ntibiburamo imbogamizi. Ibibazo nko kubona amakuru, ubumenyi mu ikoranabuhanga, n'amafaranga yo kubungabunga bigomba gukemurwa kugira ngo izi gahunda zikore neza mu gihe kirekire.
Byongeye kandi, hari ibyago byo kuba amakuru menshi cyane. Kubera ko hari ibikoresho byinshi bitanga amakuru menshi, abashinzwe igenamigambi ry'imijyi n'abafata ibyemezo bagomba gushyiraho uburyo bwiza bwo gusesengura no gukoresha amakuru mu buryo bufite akamaro. Ubufatanye hagati ya za kaminuza, ibigo by'ikoranabuhanga, n'inzego z'ibanze ni ingenzi mu kubaka uburyo bwo gusesengura amakuru bushobora gutuma politiki n'ibikorwa birushaho kuba byiza.
Icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza
Uko imijyi yose yo muri Amerika yo Hagati n'iy'Amajyepfo ikomeza gukoresha ikoranabuhanga, uruhare rw'ibikoresho bipima imvura ruzakomeza kwiyongera. Uko imihindagurikire y'ikirere yongera inshuro n'ubukana bw'imvura, ibi bikoresho bizaba ingenzi mu gufasha imijyi kumenyera no gutera imbere mu bidukikije bihinduka vuba.
Mu gusoza, gushyiramo ibikoresho bipima imvura ntabwo ari ugupima imvura gusa—bigaragaza uburyo bwo gutekereza ku igenamigambi ry’imijyi no kwitegura ibiza. Mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga, gushishikariza abaturage, no guteza imbere ibidukikije, imijyi yo muri Amerika yo Hagati n’iy’Epfo ntabwo iri guhangana n’inkubi z’umuyaga gusa ahubwo iri kwitegura guhangana nazo imbonankubone. Uko imijyi ihinduka imijyi ifite ubwenge, ibitonyanga by’imvura ntibizongera kuba imbaraga zitunguranye ahubwo bizaba ari amakuru y’ingenzi ayobora ibyemezo byo kugira ejo hazaza harambye.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-21-2025