Iyo imiterere y’imiyoboro y’ibikoresho ku isi, umutekano w’inganda, n’uburinganire bw’ibikorwa by’ingufu byose bishingiye ku gisubizo cy’ikibazo cyoroshye—“Hasigaye angahe imbere?”—ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima ryabaye impinduka mu buryo bucece.
Mu 1901, ubwo Standard Oil yacukuraga amazi yayo ya mbere muri Texas, abakozi bapimye ibikubiye mu bigega binini by’amazi bazamuka bakoresheje igiti cyo gupimisha cyanditseho - "agakoresho ko gupima." Nyuma y'ikinyejana, ku ndege ya FPSO yajugunywe n'inkubi y'umuyaga mu Nyanja ya Ruguru, injeniyeri wo mu cyumba cyo kugenzura yakandagiye imbeba kugira ngo akurikirane urwego, ingano, uburemere, ndetse n'imiterere y'ibigega amagana akoresheje milimetero.
Kuva ku giti cy’imbaho kugeza ku muraba w’imiraba ya radar, iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima urwego ni urusobe rw’imikorere y’inganda. Ikibazo gikemura nticyigeze gihinduka, ariko ingano, umuvuduko, n’akamaro k’igisubizo biratandukanye cyane.
Igiti cy'Iterambere ry'Ikoranabuhanga: Kuva ku 'Kureba' kugeza ku 'Kumenya'
Igisekuru cya mbere: Gusoma mu buryo butaziguye hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga (Kwagura ijisho ry'umuntu)
- Ingero: Ibipimo by'ibirahure byo kureba, ibimenyetso by'urwego rwa rukuruzi (flip-type), swichi zo kuzenguruka.
- Inyurabwenge: “Urugero rw'amazi rurahari.” Bishingiye ku igenzura ry'intoki, aho hantu. Amakuru aratandukanye kandi ntabwo ari kure.
- Imiterere: Iracyari ingenzi mu gutanga ibimenyetso byo mu gace runaka no mu buryo bworoshye bwo gutangaza amakuru kubera ko yizewe, isobanutse neza kandi ihendutse.
Igisekuru cya Kabiri: Isohoka ry'Ibimenyetso by'Amashanyarazi (Ivuka ry'Ibimenyetso)
- Ingero: Utwuma dutanga amakuru ku rwego rwa hydrostatic, ibyuma bihuza amashanyarazi n'udusimba, sensor zipima ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi.
- Inyurabwenge: “Urwego ni ikimenyetso cy’amashanyarazi cya X mA.” Yakoresheje uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru bwa kure, ikora urufatiro rwa sisitemu za mbere za SCADA.
- Inzitizi: Ubuziranenge bugira ingaruka ku bucucike buri hagati n'ubushyuhe; gushyiraho ibintu bigoye.
Igisekuru cya Gatatu: Imiraba n'Imirima (Itajyanye n'aho ihurira)
- Ingero: Imashini zitanga amakuru ku rwego rwa radar (imiraba ya EM ifite frequency yo hejuru), sensors zo ku rwego rwa Ultrasonic (imiraba y'amajwi), RF Capacitance (urubuga rwa RF).
- Inyurabwenge: “Kohereza-Kwakira-Kubara igihe cyo kuguruka = Intera.” Abami bo gupima ibintu bidahuye, bakemura burundu ibibazo biterwa n’ibikoresho bitoshye, byangiza, bifite umuvuduko mwinshi, cyangwa ibindi bintu bigoye.
- Pinnacle: Guided Wave Radar irashobora gutandukanya aho amavuta n'amazi bihurira; FMCW Radar igumana ubuziranenge buhamye ndetse no ku buso buhindagurika cyane.
Igisekuru cya Kane: Uburyo bwo Kubona Ibintu Bihuje (Kuva ku Rwego Kugera ku Rutonde rw'Ibintu)
- Ingero: Igipimo cy'urwego + Sensor y'ubushyuhe / Umuvuduko + Algorithm y'ubuhanga mu by'ubwenge.
- Inyurabwenge: “Uburemere busanzwe cyangwa uburemere bw’ibikoresho biri mu kigega ni ubuhe?” Mu guhuza ibipimo byinshi, bisohora amakuru y’ingenzi akenewe mu kohereza cyangwa gucunga ububiko, bigakuraho amakosa yo kubara hakoreshejwe intoki.
Ibibuga by'intambara by'ingenzi: Umurongo w'ukuri n'ukuri w''ubuzima n'urupfu'
1. Peteroli na Gazi/Ibinyabutabire: Igipimo cy'umutekano n'amafaranga
- Ikibazo: Ikosa ryo gupima mu kigega kinini cyo kubikamo ibintu (kugeza kuri metero 100 z'umurambararo) risobanura neza ko miliyoni z'ibihombo mu bucuruzi cyangwa itandukaniro riri hagati y'ibikoresho. Imyuka ihindagurika imbere mu kirere, umuyaga uhindagurika, n'uburyo ubushyuhe bushyirwa mu byiciro bigerageza uburyo ibintu bimeze.
- Umuti: Ibipimo bya radar bifite ubuhanga bwo hejuru (ikosa riri hagati ya ± 1mm), bihujwe n'ibikoresho by'ubushyuhe bifite amanota menshi, byinjijwe muri sisitemu zo gupima Tank zizwi ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Amakuru yabyo yemerewe koherezwa mu bubiko. Si igikoresho gusa; ni "igipimo cyemewe n'amategeko."
2. Ingufu n'Ingufu: 'Umuyoboro w'amazi' utagaragara
- Ikibazo: Urugero rw'amazi mu cyuma gishyushya amazi, condenser, cyangwa boiler y'uruganda rw'amashanyarazi ni 'inzira y'umutekano' kugira ngo igikoresho gikore neza. Ubushyuhe bwinshi, umuvuduko mwinshi, n'ibintu "byimba no kugabanuka" bisaba ko umuntu yishingikirizaho cyane.
- Igisubizo: Imiterere idasubirwaho ikoresheje "Differential Pressure Transmitters + Electrical Contact Gauges + Gage Glass." Igenzura rishingiye ku mahame atandukanye rituma isuzuma ryizewe mu bihe bikomeye, hirindwa ibiza byumye cyangwa kuzuza byinshi.
3. Ibiribwa n'imiti: Imbogamizi ku isuku n'amabwiriza
- Ikibazo: Gusukura CIP/SIP, ibisabwa mu buryo butangiza ibidukikije, ibikoresho bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi (urugero: jam, cream).
- Igisubizo: Ibipimo by'ubuziranenge bya radar bifite antene za 316L zikozwe mu cyuma kitagira umugese cyangwa Hastelloy. Byagenewe gushyirwamo nta mwanya upfuye, bihangana no gukaraba inshuro nyinshi, bikonjesha cyane, byujuje ibisabwa nka FDA na 3-A.
4. Amazi y'ubwenge: 'Igipimo cy'umuvuduko w'amaraso' ku mitsi yo mu mijyi
- Ikibazo: Gukurikirana umuvuduko w'amazi mu mujyi, kugenzura urugero rw'ibice by'amazi azamuka mu nganda z'amazi yanduye, gutanga amakuru y'uko imyuzure ihagera hakiri kare.
- Igisubizo: Imashini zitanga umuvuduko zikoreshwa mu mazi zihujwe n'ibipimo by'amazi bidafite umuyoboro wuzuye, bihujwe binyuze muri LPWAN (urugero, NB-IoT), bikora impera z'imitsi y'amazi yo mu mijyi, bigatuma amazi asohoka kandi bigatanga uburyo bwo kohereza amazi neza.
Ahazaza Harageze: Igihe Igipimo cy'Ubushobozi Kizaba 'Ingingo y'Ubwenge'
Uruhare rw'igipimo cy'urwego rwo mu gihe cya none rwarenze "uburyo bwo gupima" bworoshye. Kirimo guhinduka:
- Umucungamutungo wo kubungabunga amakuru mbere y'igihe: Mu gusesengura impinduka mu miterere y'ibimenyetso bya radar (urugero, kugabanuka kw'ibimenyetso bivuye ku kwiyongera), bishobora gutanga umuburo hakiri kare ku bijyanye n'ihindagurika ry'amajwi cyangwa kunanirwa kw'imiterere y'ikigega cy'imbere.
- Umujyanama mu gutunganya ibikoresho: Ishyirwa muri sisitemu ya ERP / MES, ibarura amafaranga akoreshwa mu bikoresho mu gihe nyacyo kandi ishobora gutanga ibitekerezo ku gihe cyo kugura cyangwa gukora gahunda yo kubitunganya.
- Isoko y'amakuru ku bana babiri b'impanga z'ikoranabuhanga: Itanga amakuru meza kandi yo mu gihe nyacyo ku bwoko bw'impanga z'ikoranabuhanga z'uruganda kugira ngo zikorerwe imyitozo, zihugurwe kandi zinoze.
Umwanzuro: Uburyo bwo guhuza kuva ku bwato kugera ku isanzure ry'amakuru
Iterambere ry'igipimo cy'urwego, mu by'ingenzi, ni ukwiyongera k'uburyo dusobanukirwa "ububiko". Ntabwo tugishimishwa no kumenya "ibyuzuye" cyangwa "ubusa," ahubwo dukurikirana amakuru ahindagurika, ashobora gukurikiranwa, afitanye isano, kandi ateganya ibintu neza.
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