Kuva ku kugenzura guhumeka k'ubutaka kugeza ku miburo y'udukoko hakiri kare, amakuru ajyanye na gaze atagaragara arimo kuba intungamubiri nshya y'agaciro mu buhinzi bwa kijyambere
Saa kumi n'imwe za mu gitondo mu mirima ya salade yo mu kibaya cya Salinas muri Kaliforuniya, hari utwuma duto cyane kurusha ikiganza tuba twamaze gukora. Ntidupima ubushuhe cyangwa ngo dukurikirane ubushyuhe; ahubwo tuba turimo "guhumeka" cyane - dusesengura dioxyde de carbone, oxyde de nitrous, na trace organic compounds zituruka mu butaka. Aya makuru ya gaze atagaragara yoherezwa mu buryo bwihuse binyuze kuri interineti y'ibintu ku gikoresho cy'umuhinzi, bigatuma habaho "electrocardiogram" ikora neza yerekana ubuzima bw'ubutaka.
Iyi si inkuru y’ubuhanga ahubwo ni impinduramatwara ikomeje mu gukoresha uburyo bwo gupima gazi mu buhinzi bw’ikoranabuhanga ku isi. Nubwo ibiganiro bikibanda ku kuhira amazi mu buryo bworohereza amazi no ku bushakashatsi ku butaka butagira abapilote, impinduka mu buhinzi zigaragara neza kandi zireba imbere zashinze imizi bucece mu mwuka wose w’ubutaka.
I. Kuva ku ibyuka bihumanya ikirere kugeza ku micungire ya karuboni: Inshingano ebyiri z'ibikoresho bipima gazi
Ubuhinzi gakondo ni isoko ikomeye y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, aho okiside ya azote (N₂O) ituruka mu bikorwa byo gucunga ubutaka ifite ubushobozi bwo gushyuha inshuro 300 kurusha CO₂. Ubu, ibyuma bipima imyuka neza cyane birimo guhindura imyuka idasobanutse neza mu makuru nyayo.
Mu mishinga y’ubushyuhe bw’ikirere mu Buholandi, ibikoresho byo gupima CO₂ bihujwe n’uburyo bwo guhumeka n’ubw’urumuri rw’inyongera. Iyo ibipimo by’ibikoresho byo gupima bigeze munsi y’urugero rwiza rwo gushushanya fotositemu y’ibihingwa, uburyo bwo gupima CO₂ bwikora; iyo urugero ruri hejuru cyane, umwuka urakora. Ubu buryo bwageze ku musaruro wiyongeraho 15-20% mu gihe bugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ingufu ku kigero cya 25%.
“Twajyaga dukeka dushingiye ku bunararibonye; none amakuru atubwira ukuri kwa buri kanya,” nk’uko byatangajwe n’umuhinzi w’inyanya wo mu Buholandi mu nkuru ya LinkedIn. “Ibikoresho byo gupima gazi ni nko gushyiraho 'icyuma gipima imikorere y’umubiri' mu nzu y’ubusitani.”
II. Ibirenze Umuco: Uburyo amakuru ajyanye na gaze atanga umuburo ku byangiza kare no kunoza umusaruro
Ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho bipima imyuka rirenze kure uburyo bwo gucunga imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko iyo ibihingwa byibasiwe n'udukoko cyangwa biri mu muvuduko, birekura ibintu bidasanzwe by'umwimerere (VOCs), nk'ikimenyetso cy'ihungabana ry'ibimera.
Urugo rw’imizabibu muri Ositaraliya rwashyizeho uburyo bwo kugenzura VOC. Iyo ibyuma bipima imiterere yihariye y’imyuka igaragaza ibyago byo kwandura indwara ya mildew, ubwo buryo bwatangaga umuburo hakiri kare, butuma habaho ingamba zo gukumira mbere y’uko indwara igaragara, bityo bigabanura ikoreshwa ry’imiti irwanya udukoko ku kigero kirenga 40%.
Kuri YouTube, videwo ya siyansi yitwa“Kumva Impumuro y'Umusaruro: Uburyo Ibikoresho bya Ethylene Bigena Igihe Gikwiye cyo Gutoranya”Yarebwe inshuro zirenga miliyoni 2. Igaragaza neza uburyo ibikoresho by’ingufu za ethylene, binyuze mu kugenzura ubwinshi bw’iyi "hormone ikura", bigenzura neza ibidukikije bikonje mu gihe cyo kubika no gutwara ibitoki n’amapera, bikagabanya igihombo nyuma yo gusarura kuva kuri 30% kugeza munsi ya 15%.
III. 'Umucungamari wa Methane' ku gasozi: Ibikoresho byo gupima gazi mu buryo burambye mu buhinzi bw'amatungo
Ubworozi bw’amatungo bugira uruhare runini mu ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ku isi, aho methane ituruka ku gushyushya kw’inka mu nka ari isoko ikomeye. Muri iki gihe, mu nzuri zikomeye muri Irilande na Nouvelle-Zélande, hari ubwoko bushya bwa sensor ya methane iri mu kirere burimo kugeragezwa.
Izi sensor zishyirwa ahantu ho guhumeka mu biraro n'ahantu h'ingenzi mu nzuri, zigakurikirana buri gihe ingano ya methane. Ayo makuru ntabwo akoreshwa gusa mu kubara imiterere ya karuboni, ahubwo anakoreshwa muri porogaramu yo gukora ibiryo. Iyo amakuru ajyanye n'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere agaragaza izamuka ridasanzwe, sisitemu isaba kugenzura ingano y'ibiryo cyangwa ubuzima bw'amatungo, bigatuma habaho inyungu ku bidukikije no ku buhinzi. Inyigo zijyanye n'ibyo, zasohotse mu buryo bwa documentaire kuri Vimeo, zakuruye ibitekerezo byinshi mu muryango w'ikoranabuhanga mu by'ubuhinzi.
IV. Urubuga rw'amakuru ku mbuga nkoranyambaga: Kuva ku gikoresho cy'umwuga kugeza ku burezi rusange
Iyi mpinduramatwara ya "digital olfaction" irimo no gutangiza ibiganiro ku mbuga nkoranyambaga. Kuri Twitter, munsi ya hashtag nka #AgriGasTech na #SmartSoil, abahanga mu buhinzi, abakora sensor, n'amatsinda y'ibidukikije basangiza ingero ziheruka ku isi. Ubutumwa bwa Twitter buvuga ku "gukoresha amakuru y'ibikoresho kugira ngo hongerwe imikorere myiza y'ifumbire ya azote ku kigero cya 50%" bwakiriwe inshuro ibihumbi n'ibihumbi.
Kuri TikTok na Facebook, abahinzi bakoresha videwo ngufi kugira ngo bagereranye ibiciro by’ubuhinzi n’ibyo bakura mbere na nyuma yo gukoresha sensor, bigatuma ikoranabuhanga rigoye rigaragara kandi risobanuka. Pinterest ifite infographic nyinshi zigaragaza neza ikoreshwa ry’ibipimo bitandukanye n’imibare y’amakuru y’ibikoresho bikoresha gaze mu buhinzi, bikaba ibintu bikunzwe cyane n’abarimu n’abavugana na siyansi.
V. Imbogamizi n'ejo hazaza: Kugana ubuhinzi bw'ubwenge bushingiye ku bumenyi rusange
Nubwo hari amahirwe menshi, haracyari imbogamizi: uburyo ibyuma bipima amakuru bihagaze mu gihe kirekire, uburyo amakuru aboneka n’uburyo akoreshwa mu gupima amakuru, ndetse n’ibiciro by’ishoramari rya mbere. Ariko, uko ibiciro by’ikoranabuhanga ripima amakuru bigabanuka n’uburyo bwo gusesengura amakuru ya AI bugenda butera imbere, kugenzura gazi birimo guhinduka kuva ku gukoresha uburyo bumwe kugera ku hazaza hahujwe kandi hahujwe.
Ubuhinzi bw'ubwenge bw'ejo hazaza buzaba ari urusobe rw'imikoranire hagati y'ibikoresho by'amazi, ubutaka, gaze, n'amashusho, byose hamwe bikarema "impanga y'ikoranabuhanga" y'ubutaka, bigaragaza imiterere yabwo mu gihe nyacyo kandi bigafasha ubuhinzi bunoze kandi bujyanye n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere.
Umwanzuro:
Iterambere ry'ubuhinzi ryateye imbere kuva ku kwishingikiriza ku byahise kugeza ku gukoresha ingufu z'amazi, kuva ku mpinduramatwara ya tekiniki kugeza ku mpinduramatwara y’ibidukikije, ubu ririmo kwinjira mu gihe cy’impinduramatwara y’amakuru. Utwuma dupima gazi, nk'uko biri mu "bwumva" buhambaye, turimo kuduha ku nshuro ya mbere "kwumva" umwuka w'ubutaka no "guhumura" urusaku rw'ibihingwa. Icyo bizana si ukwiyongera k'umusaruro no kugabanuka kw'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere gusa, ahubwo ni uburyo bwimbitse kandi bunoze bwo kuganira n'ubutaka. Uko amakuru ahinduka ifumbire nshya, umusaruro uzaba ejo hazaza harambye.
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