Mu gikorwa cyo guhindura ubuhinzi bwo muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba kuva ku buyobozi burambuye kugeza ku buhinzi bushingiye ku makuru, ikibazo cy'ingenzi mu bumenyi ni uko kugenzura ubutaka gakondo akenshi bihagarara ku buso (sentimetero 10-20), kandi nta bumenyi buhagije ku bintu by'ingenzi bigena uburyo amapfa adashobora kwihanganira, ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza intungamubiri n'ubuzima bw'imizi y'ibihingwa - ingendo zihagaze n'uburyo amazi y'ubutaka akwirakwira. Imvura nyinshi igwa n'ibyuka, imiterere y'ubutaka butandukanye n'ubuhinzi bwinshi bw'ibihingwa bifite imizi mu turere dushyuha bituma imiterere y'amazi mu butaka igorana cyane. Sisitemu yo kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'ubutaka bw'ibice byinshi (ibice 3 kugeza ku 9) irimo guha abahinzi bo muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba "ikarita ya CT y'ubushuhe" kuva hejuru kugeza ku mizi miremire hamwe n'ubushobozi bwayo bwo kwiyumvisha ubujyakuzimu, ihindura imiterere yihishe y'isi yo munsi y'ubutaka mu bwenge bufatika bw'ubuhinzi bushobora kwimurwa.
I. Imbogamizi z'ingenzi mu buhinzi bwo mu turere dushyuha: Kuki hakenewe "icyerekezo cy'igice"?
Uburyo ubuhinzi bukoresha amazi neza kandi burambye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya buhura n'ibibazo byihariye by'amazi y'ubutaka:
Guhinduranya cyane ikirere cyumye n'imvura nyinshi: Nyuma y'imvura nyinshi, amazi amanuka vuba cyane, kandi mu gihe cy'izuba, amazi maremare yongera kwiyongera. Ibyuma bisanzwe bipima ahantu hamwe ntibishobora gukurikirana iyi gahunda yo kwimuka kw'amazi mu buryo buhagaze.
Ibisabwa mu gucunga ibihingwa bifite imizi miremire: Ibiti by’ubuhinzi nk’ibitoki by’amavuta, ifumbire, mango, na kawa bifite imizi ifata amazi neza ishobora kugera ku bujyakuzimu bwa metero 1 cyangwa metero 2. Gukurikirana gusa urwego rw’ubuso bishobora gutuma habaho ihinduka rikomeye mu byemezo byo kuhira.
Ubudasa bukomeye bw'ubutaka: Mu gice kimwe, imiterere y'ubutaka ku bujyakuzimu butandukanye (nk'ubutaka bw'umucanga n'ubw'ibumba) iratandukanye cyane, bigatuma habaho impinduka zikomeye mu kwinjira kw'amazi no kubika ubushobozi mu cyerekezo gihagaze.
Gutemba no gukurura umunyu: Kuhira cyane bituma amazi n'intungamubiri bitongera gucukura cyane, ndetse no kwiyongera k'umunyu mu turere twumye dufite amazi yo mu miyoboro y'amazi, byombi ni ibintu bibaho mu butaka.
Kubwibyo, kumenya amakuru ahoraho yerekeye ihindagurika ry’amazi ukoresheje uburebure aho kuba amakuru y’ingingo nke zitandukanye ni ngombwa kugira ngo hagerwe ku micungire y’amazi n’ifumbire mvaruganda mu buryo bwa siyansi, kurwanya amapfa no kubika amazi mu buryo buciriritse, no kurengera ibidukikije.
Ii. Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga: Sisitemu yo kugenzura imiterere y'utubuto twa HONDE
Ubu buryo bukoresha igishushanyo mbonera gishya cya "umuyoboro umwe, ibice byinshi", gihuza ibice byinshi byo kumenya neza mu muyoboro ukomeye wa probe uhoraho kugira ngo hagerwe ku igenzura ritangiza, rikorwa mu mwanya waryo, kandi rigakorwa igihe kirekire.
Guhindura mu buryo bwimbitse no gushyiraho uburyo bworoshye: Abakoresha bashobora guhitamo mu buryo bworoshye imiterere y’igenzura ry’imiterere y’ibice 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 cyangwa 9 * hashingiwe ku bujyakuzimu bw’ibanze bw’umusaruro w’ibihingwa, imiterere y’ubutaka n’ibisabwa mu bushakashatsi. Imiterere isanzwe irimo: 10cm, 30cm, 50cm, 70cm, 100cm, cyangwa iy’inyongera hamwe n’urwego rumwe kuri 10/15 cm.
Gukurikirana imiterere y’ubutaka hakoreshejwe ibipimo byinshi: Ingano y’amazi n’ubushyuhe bw’ubutaka bipimirwa icyarimwe kuri buri cyiciro. Hari ubwoko bugezweho bushobora kwagurwa kugira ngo bupime ubushobozi bwo gutwara amazi (ingano y’umunyu), bugakora imiterere y’amazi, ubushyuhe n’umunyu mu buryo butatu.
Igishushanyo mbonera cy'imiyoboro n'uburyo ihoraho: Igice cy'imashini ipima ubutaka gishyirwa mu muyoboro urinda ubutaka kandi kigapima ubutaka binyuze mu guhuza mu buryo butaziguye, birinda kwangirika cyangwa kwimuka guterwa no gufungana k'ubutaka, kwaguka cyangwa guhinga mu byuma bisanzwe bikoresha. Uburyo amakuru ahoraho ahoraho ni bwiza cyane.
Guhuza interineti y'ibintu no kwerekana amakuru: Amakuru yoherezwa mu bicu binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga ridafite insinga rikoresha ingufu nke (LoRaWAN/4G). Urubuga rushobora kwerekana mu gihe nyacyo ikarita y'imiterere y'ubutaka cyangwa ikarita y'ubujyakuzimu bw'ubushyuhe n'ubushyuhe bw'ubutaka, bigaragaza mu buryo bugaragara uko amazi agenda, impinduka mu gice cyo kwinjiza amazi mu mizi ndetse n'ubushyuhe bungana.
Iii. Ikoreshwa ryimbitse mu buhinzi butandukanye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya
Kuhira no gucunga neza amazi n'ifumbire mvaruganda ku mirima y'ibiti by'amashyamba ihora ikora neza
Imikoreshereze: Mu mirima y'ibitoki, imikindo, n'ibiti by'imbuto, shyiramo kugeza ku bujyakuzimu bwa metero 1.5 kugeza kuri 2 kugira ngo ukurikirane ikoreshwa ry'amazi mu mizi yabyo miremire.
Agaciro
Menya uburebure n'ingano y'izuba ryo kuhira: Menya neza ko amazi yo kuhira ashobora kuroshya urwego rw'ibanze rw'imizi (nk'urugero rwa santimetero 40-80), aho kuguma ku rundi ruhande gusa. Irinde ko imizi ireremba hejuru no kugabanuka k'ubudahangarwa bw'amapfa buterwa no kuhira amazi make.
Gusuzuma ibigega by'ubutaka burebure: Mu gihe cy'izuba, sobanukirwa neza ubushobozi bwo kubika amazi bw'ubutaka burebure kugira ngo umenye niba ibihingwa bishobora gukoresha amazi maremare, bityo bigatinda cyangwa bikagabanya kuhira no kuzigama umutungo w'amazi w'agaciro.
Ongera aho ifumbire iherereye: Shyira amazi n'ifumbire ku bujyakuzimu bw'urukuta rw'ibanze rufata amazi kugira ngo wongere ikoreshwa kandi ugabanye igihombo cyo gutakaza amazi.
2. Ubushakashatsi n'imicungire y'amazi mu buryo bwo kuzunguruka umuceri n'ubutaka bwumye
Ikoreshwa: Mu mirima yo gusimburanya umuceri n'ubutaka bwumye (nk'ibigori), ikoreshwa mu gukurikirana inzira yose y'amazi yinjira mu gihe cy'umwuzure, igabanuka ry'amazi nyuma y'uko amazi yumye, n'ikoreshwa ry'amazi mu gihe cy'ubutaka bwumye.
Agaciro: Gusuzuma mu buryo bwa siyansi ingano y'amazi mu mirima y'umuceri, bigatanga ishingiro ryo kuhira amazi mu buryo bworohereza amazi no gukumira ko intungamubiri zisohoka mu butaka; Gusuzuma imiterere y'ubushuhe bw'ubutaka kugira ngo biyobore igihe cyo kubiba imyaka yo mu butaka bwumye.
3. Guteza imbere urwego rw'imizi mu buhinzi bw'ibigori n'imboga zifite agaciro kanini
Gukoresha: Mu mazu yororerwamo ibiti cyangwa mu mazu yororerwamo, ku bihingwa nk'inyanya n'inkeri, hagomba gushyirwaho urwego rw'ubugenzuzi rurerure (nk'urwego rumwe kuri santimetero 15) rukwiye gushyirwaho.
Agaciro: Kugenzura neza ubushuhe mu gice cy'imizi kugira ngo wirinde ko uduce duto twuma cyane cyangwa dutose cyane. Binyuze mu gusesengura ibikorwa by'imizi ku bujyakuzimu butandukanye, uburebure bw'umusozi n'ubujyakuzimu bw'imitako yo kuhira byanogejwe.
4. Ubushakashatsi ku kuvugurura ibidukikije no kubungabunga ubutaka n'amazi
Imikoreshereze: Kugenzura imiterere y'ubushuhe bw'ubutaka mu bujyakuzimu butandukanye mu busitani bw'icyayi buhanamye, ahantu hakunze kwibasirwa n'isuri cyangwa aho ibimera bikenewe gusanwa.
Agaciro: Gusuzuma ubushobozi bw'ibimera mu gukoresha amazi y'ubutaka mu bujyakuzimu butandukanye, kwiga isano iri hagati y'imvura yinjira n'amazi agwa ku butaka, no gutanga amakuru ajyanye n'ingamba zo kubungabunga ubutaka n'amazi.
5. Guhangana n'amapfa n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere
Imikoreshereze: Shyiraho urubuga rwo kugenzura ubushuhe bw'ubutaka mu karere.
Agaciro: Gutanga umuburo w'amapfa ku butaka butandukanye ku nzego za leta z'ubuhinzi n'abahinzi, kuyobora kuhira no kuvugurura imiterere y'ibihingwa birwanya amapfa, no kunoza uburyo ubuhinzi buhangana n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere.
Iv. Indangagaciro z'ingenzi: Kuva ku "Gutekereza ku ngingo" kugeza ku "Gusobanukirwa mu buryo bw'ibice"
Ibyemezo bya siyansi ku kuhira: Guhindura kuva ku "kuhira ubutaka" ukajya ku "kuhira imizi y'ibihingwa", kugera ku mazi nyayo hashingiwe ku bujyakuzimu, muri rusange bishobora kongera imikorere myiza y'amazi yo kuhira ku kigero cya 25-40%.
Kunoza ubuzima bw'ibihingwa no kurwanya imihangayiko: Guteza imbere iterambere ry'imizi miremire no kongera ubushobozi bw'ibihingwa bwo kwihanganira amapfa y'ibihe.
Kugabanya ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije: Mu kugenzura ko amazi adapfukiranwa munsi y’imizi y’ubutaka, ibyago byo kwandura kw’amazi yo mu butaka biterwa n’ifumbire mvaruganda n’imiti yica udukoko bishobora kugabanuka neza.
Imitungo y'agaciro gakomeye yo gukora no gukora ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi: Amakuru y'ubutaka busanzwe yakusanyijwe ni umutungo udasimburwa kandi w'agaciro wo kunoza imiterere y'ubuhinzi, guhinga ubwoko bw'imbuto zihanganira amapfa, no gukora ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi ku buhinzi bunoze.
V. Icyitegererezo cy'Ubushakashatsi: Amakuru menshi yo kuvugurura imiterere y'amavuta yo mu mirima y'amatapi
Ishyamba rinini ry’ibiti by’amavuta muri Maleziya ryashyizeho uburyo bwo kugenzura imiterere y’ibimera bya HONDE bifite amagorofa 7 (kugeza kuri metero 1.6 z’ubujyakuzimu) muri bimwe mu bice. Isesengura ry’amakuru rigaragaza:
Nyuma yo kuhira amazi hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa gakondo bwo kuhira hejuru, amazi menshi aguma ku buso bwa cm 0-30, mu gihe imizi y’ibitoki by’amavuta (cm 40-100) ifata amazi make gusa.
2. Mu gihe cy'izuba, ubutaka burebure buri munsi ya metero 1 buracyafite amazi menshi, ariko ntabwo bukoreshwa neza.
Bashingiye kuri ibi, bahinduye ingamba zo kuhira ku buryo bwo kuhira mu buryo budakoresha amazi menshi kandi bongeraho uburyo bwo gusana ubutaka kugira ngo bagabanye ubushyuhe bw'amazi. Nyuma yo guhindura, nubwo amazi yose yo kuhira yagabanutseho 30%, umusaruro w'ibiti by'amavuta bya palme byakomeje kuba mwiza, kandi bitewe n'imizi myiza, ubushobozi bwabyo bwo guhangana n'ibihe by'izuba bwariyongereye cyane.
Umwanzuro
Mu nzira yo gukurikirana intego eshatu z’umusaruro, ireme n’umutungo urambye mu buhinzi bwa Aziya y’Amajyepfo y’Uburasirazuba, gusobanukirwa byimbitse ibidukikije byo munsi y’ubutaka byabaye ikintu gishya cyo guhangana. Sisitemu yo kugenzura ubushuhe bw’ubutaka ya HONDE, nk’"imashini y’ubwenge" yinjijwe mu butaka, ituma abahinzi n’abayobozi bashobora "kubona" urugendo ruhagaze n’aho amazi atuye mu butaka ku nshuro ya mbere. Yahagaritse gufata ibyemezo bidasobanutse bishingiye ku bintu bigaragara ku butaka kandi inazana igihe cyo gucunga mu buryo bwimbitse kandi bunoze bishingiye ku byo urwego rw’imizi rusaba. Ibi si ukuvugurura ikoranabuhanga ryo gukurikirana gusa, ahubwo ni no guhindura cyane ubuhinzi bwo mu turere dushyuha kuva mu gucunga "hejuru y’ubuso" kugeza mu gucunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima "munsi y’ubuso". Hamwe no gukusanya amakuru no guhuza ingero z’isesengura ry’ubuhanga mu by’ubuhanga, izi ngero z’amakuru arambuye ku butaka zizaba ibikorwa remezo by’ingenzi bishishikariza ubuhinzi bwo muri Aziya y’Amajyepfo y’Uburasirazuba guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere no kugera ku mutekano w’amazi n’ibiribwa.
Ku bijyanye na HONDE: Nk'umuyobozi mu bijyanye na interineti y'ubuhinzi n'ibisubizo by'ubutaka bw'ikoranabuhanga, HONDE yiyemeje kugaragaza no guha imbaraga inzira z'ingenzi zitagaragara mu musaruro w'ubuhinzi binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo kubona ibintu. Dusobanukiwe neza uburyo ubuhinzi bugoye kandi twiyemeje guha abakiriya inkunga yo gufata ibyemezo by'amakuru ajyanye n'ubuzima bwose bw'ibihingwa binyuze mu bisubizo byo gukurikirana kuva ku gace kamwe kugeza ku bice bimwe na bimwe no kuva ku buso kugeza ku bice birebire. Mu rugendo rwo gufungura ubushobozi bw'ubutaka bwo muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba, HONDE yiteguye gusangira nawe amakuru yimbitse kugira ngo yihanganire ahazaza h'ubuhinzi bunoze.
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