Umutwe: Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rigenzura imyuka ihumanya ikirere muri Ositaraliya na Tayilande
Itariki: 10 Mutarama 2025
Aho iherereye: Sydney, Ositaraliya —Muri iki gihe cy’ibibazo byihutirwa by’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gupima imyuka irimo kuba ingamba y’ingenzi mu kugenzura imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu bihugu nka Ositaraliya na Tayilande. Izi sensor nshya zifasha za guverinoma, inganda n’imiryango irengera ibidukikije mu bikorwa byazo byo gukurikirana imyuka ihumanya ikirere neza no gushyiraho ingamba zinoze zo kugabanya ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Ositaraliya, izwiho ubusitani bunini n'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima bitandukanye, yakomeje kwibanda cyane ku guhangana n'ingaruka za karubone. Ikoreshwa riherutse gukoreshwa ry'ibikoresho byo gupima imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu mijyi no mu turere tw'ubuhinzi ritanga amakuru nyayo ku ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, harimo dioxyde de carbone (CO2), methane (CH4), na oxyde de nitrous (N2O). Aya makuru ni ingenzi mu gusobanukirwa inkomoko y'imyuka ihumanya ikirere n'uburyo igenda, bityo bikazana inzira yo gushyiraho ingamba zigamije kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere.
Minisitiri w’Ibidukikije muri Ositaraliya, Sarah Thompson, yashimangiye akamaro k’iri koranabuhanga, agira ati: “Dushyize imbaraga mu buryo bugezweho bwo kugenzura, dushobora gusobanukirwa neza aho imyuka ihumanya ikirere ituruka no gufata ingamba zikomeye zo kugera ku ntego zacu ntarengwa. Izi sensor ntizongera gusa amakuru yacu yo mu bubiko ahubwo zituma abaturage bagira uruhare mu bikorwa byo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere.”
Muri Tayilande, aho ubuhinzi bugira uruhare runini mu ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima gazi ririmo kuba ingenzi mu kugenzura ibidukikije no mu buhinzi burambye. Guverinoma ya Tayilande yatangije gahunda mu gihugu hose yo gushyira ibikoresho bipima gazi mu mirima y'umuceri no mu mirima y'amatungo kugira ngo bakurikirane imyuka ihumanya ikirere iva mu bidukikije, imyuka ikomeye iva mu bidukikije ikorwa mu gihe cy'ubuhinzi bw'umuceri no mu igogorwa ry'amatungo. Iyi gahunda ni kimwe mu bigize umuhigo wa Tayilande wo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku kigero cya 20% mu myaka icumi iri imbere.
Umuhanga mu by’ibidukikije ukorera i Bangkok, yagize ati: “Amakuru nyayo ku ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bituma abahinzi bakoresha uburyo butagabanya gusa ingaruka zabyo ku bidukikije ahubwo bunatuma umusaruro wabo urushaho kwiyongera. Dukoresheje ibyuma bipima ibidukikije, dushobora guha abahinzi amakuru bakeneye kugira ngo bahindure uburyo bwabo mu gihe nyacyo.”
Ibyiza by'ikoranabuhanga ripima imyuka ihumanya ikirere biruta kure cyane igenzura ry'imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Izi sensor zifite ubushobozi bwa Internet of Things (IoT), bigatuma habaho guhuza neza n'urubuga rushingiye ku bicu kugira ngo habeho gusesengura amakuru. Iri koranabuhanga rituma abafatanyabikorwa basangiza amakuru yabo n'inzego zishinzwe kugenzura imyuka ihumanya ikirere, bigafasha mu gusobanukirwa neza imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu gihugu no ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
Uretse Ositaraliya na Tayilande, ibihugu nka Kanada, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, n'ibihugu bigize Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi nabyo birimo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga nk'iryo kugira ngo byongere imbaraga zabyo zo kugenzura ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Iyi nzira igaragaza ko hakenewe gupimwa neza kugira ngo habeho politiki z'imihindagurikire y'ikirere n'ibikorwa birambye.
Imwe mu nyungu zikomeye z’ubu buryo bwo kugenzura ni uko bworoshye kubukoresha no kubukoresha. Ibyuma byinshi bishobora gushyirwaho bifite ibikorwa remezo bike, bigatuma biba byiza mu turere twa kure n’utundi duce twibasiwe n’ibibazo aho igenzura risanzwe rishobora kuba ritakora neza. Ubu buryo bwo kubukoresha ni ingenzi cyane mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere, aho ubushobozi bwo kugenzura ibidukikije bushobora kuba buke.
Mu gihe gitaha, abashakashatsi n'abaharanira ibidukikije bashimangira akamaro ko kwagura iyi miyoboro y'ibikoresho byo gupima ikirere ku isi yose. Gukusanya amakuru nyayo y'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ku isi ni ingenzi mu gupima iterambere ugereranije n'amasezerano mpuzamahanga y'ikirere nka Amasezerano ya Paris.
Uko imihindagurikire y’ikirere irushaho kwiyongera, ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ikoranabuhanga ripima imyuka ritanga icyizere, ritanga ubumenyi bw’ingenzi ku byuka bihumanya ikirere no guteza imbere imbaraga z’ubufatanye mu kugera ku hazaza harambye. Hamwe n’ishoramari rikomeje no guhanga udushya, Ositaraliya, Tayilande n’ibindi bihugu birimo gutera intambwe z’ingenzi mu kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere no kurengera isi ku bisekuruza bizaza.
Iyi mpinduramatwara mu ikoranabuhanga mu kugenzura imyuka ihumanya ikirere ntabwo igamije gusa kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, ahubwo igamije no guhindura uburyo sosiyete zifatanya n’ukuri kw’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, guteza imbere inshingano, no gutegura inzira yo kugera ku isi irambye.
Kugira ngo ubone ibindi bisobanuro bya gaze y'umwukaamakuru,
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama 10-2025