Intangiriro yizuba ryikora ryikora ryuzuye muburyo bwo kumenya neza aho izuba rihagaze no guhindura ibinyabiziga. Nzahuza ibyifuzo byayo mubibazo bitandukanye kandi nsobanure neza ihame ryakazi ryayo muburyo burambuye kuva kumirongo itatu yingenzi: gutahura sensor, kugenzura sisitemu yo kugenzura no gufata ibyemezo, no guhinduranya imashini.
Ihame ryakazi ryumuriro wizuba ryikora cyane cyane rishingiye kubikurikiranabikorwa nyabyo no kugenzura neza aho izuba rihagaze. Binyuze mu mikorere ihuriweho na sensor, sisitemu yo kugenzura nibikoresho byohereza imashini, igera ku buryo bwikora bwo gukurikirana izuba, nkibi bikurikira:
Imirasire y'izuba: Ikurikiranwa ryizuba ryikora rishingiye kuri sensor nyinshi kugirango umenye aho izuba rihagaze mugihe nyacyo. Ibisanzwe birimo guhuza ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata amashanyarazi hamwe nuburyo bwo kubara ikirangaminsi. Ibyuma bifata amashanyarazi mubisanzwe bigizwe na selile nyinshi zifotora zikwirakwizwa mubyerekezo bitandukanye. Iyo urumuri rw'izuba rumurika, ubukana bwurumuri rwakiriwe na buri selile yifoto iratandukanye. Mugereranije ibimenyetso bisohoka bya selile zitandukanye zifotora, azimuti nuburebure bwizuba birashobora kugenwa. Amategeko yo kubara ingengabihe y’ikirere ashingiye ku mategeko y’impinduramatwara y’isi no kuzenguruka izuba, ahujwe namakuru nk'itariki, isaha, n'ahantu hegereye, kugira ngo abare umwanya w'imyumvire y'izuba mu kirere hifashishijwe icyitegererezo cy'imibare. Ku bijyanye n’amashanyarazi manini manini y’izuba, ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata imirasire yizuba bitanga amakuru yamakuru kugirango ahindurwe nyuma yo gukurikirana azimuth nuburebure bwizuba.
Gutunganya ibimenyetso no kugenzura gufata ibyemezo: Ikimenyetso cyumwanya wizuba cyagaragajwe na sensor cyoherezwa muri sisitemu yo kugenzura, ubusanzwe ni microprocessor cyangwa sisitemu yo kugenzura mudasobwa. Sisitemu yo kugenzura isesengura no gutunganya ibimenyetso, igereranya umwanya nyawo wizuba wagaragajwe na sensor hamwe na Angle iriho ya paneli ya fotora cyangwa ibikoresho byo kureba, ikanabara itandukaniro rya Angle igomba guhinduka. Noneho, ukurikije ingamba zateganijwe zo kugenzura hamwe na algorithm, amabwiriza ajyanye no kugenzura atangwa kugirango atware imashini ikwirakwiza imashini kugirango ihindurwe. Mubibazo byubushakashatsi bwubumenyi bwikirere, nyuma yo gushyiraho ibipimo byo kwitegereza ukoresheje software ya mudasobwa, sisitemu yo kugenzura irashobora guhita isesengura kandi igahitamo uburyo bwo guhindura Inguni yibikoresho byo kureba ukurikije gahunda yateguwe.
Gukwirakwiza imashini no guhindura inguni: Amabwiriza yatanzwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura yoherejwe mu gikoresho cyohereza imashini. Uburyo busanzwe bwo guhererekanya imashini burimo amashanyarazi yo gusunika amashanyarazi, moteri yintambwe ihujwe na gare cyangwa imigozi ya sisitemu, nibindi. Iyo umaze kubona amabwiriza, ibikoresho byohereza imashini bizatwara ibyuma bifotora bifotora cyangwa ibikoresho byo kureba kugirango bizunguruke cyangwa bigendagenda nkuko bisabwa, uhindure icyuma gifotora cyangwa ibikoresho byo kwitegereza bigomba gutambuka cyangwa kuruhande rwizuba. Kurugero, kubijyanye na sisitemu yubuhinzi bwa pariki yubuhinzi, icyerekezo kimwe cyumurongo wizuba gikoresha imirasire yizuba ihindura Inguni yibikoresho bifotora bifashishije ibikoresho byogukwirakwiza imashini ukurikije amabwiriza ya sisitemu yo kugenzura, kwemeza ko ibihingwa byakira urumuri ruhagije mugihe hagaragaye kwakira neza imirasire yizuba.
Gutanga ibitekerezo no gukosora: Kugirango umenye neza niba ukurikirana, sisitemu nayo izashyiraho uburyo bwo gutanga ibitekerezo. Imfuruka ya sensor isanzwe ishyirwa mubikoresho byohereza imashini kugirango ikurikirane Inguni nyayo yibikoresho bifotora cyangwa ibikoresho byo kwitegereza mugihe nyacyo kandi igaburira aya makuru ya Angle kuri sisitemu yo kugenzura. Sisitemu yo kugenzura igereranya Inguni nyirizina hamwe n'intego. Niba hari gutandukana, bizongera gutanga amabwiriza yo guhindura kugirango ukosore Inguni kandi urebe neza niba ikurikiranwa ryukuri. Binyuze mu guhora tumenya, kubara, guhindura no gutanga ibitekerezo, izuba ryikora ryuzuye rishobora gukomeza kandi neza neza impinduka zumwanya wizuba.
Ikibazo cyo kuzamura ingufu z'amashanyarazi manini manini y'izuba
(1) Amavu n'amavuko y'umushinga
Ikibanza kinini cy’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba muri Amerika gifite ubushobozi bwa megawatt 50. Ubusanzwe yakoresheje imirongo ihamye kugirango ishyireho paneli ya foto. Bitewe no kutabasha gukurikira impinduka zumwanya wizuba mugihe nyacyo, ubwinshi bwimirasire yizuba yakiriwe na panne ya fotokolitike yari mike, bigatuma ingufu zitanga ingufu nkeya. Cyane cyane mugitondo cya kare nimugoroba nimugoroba no mugihe cyibihe, gutakaza amashanyarazi byari bikomeye. Mu rwego rwo kuzamura ingufu z'amashanyarazi ya sitasiyo, umuyobozi wa sitasiyo y’amashanyarazi yahisemo gushyiraho amashanyarazi akoresha izuba. ?
(2) Ibisubizo
Simbuza ibice bifotora bifotora mubice biri mumashanyarazi hanyuma ushyireho kabiri-axis ikurikirana izuba ryikora. Iyi tracker ikurikirana azimuth nuburebure bwizuba bwizuba mugihe nyacyo ikoresheje ibyuma byerekana izuba ryinshi. Hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura igezweho, itwara bracket kugirango ihite ihindura Inguni yibikoresho bifotora, byemeza ko imashanyarazi ya fotora ihora itandukanijwe nizuba. Hagati aho, ikurikirana ihujwe na sisitemu yo gucunga ubwenge ya sitasiyo y’amashanyarazi kugirango igere kure kandi ikosore hakiri kare. ?
(3) Ingaruka zo Gushyira mu bikorwa
Nyuma yo kwishyiriraho izuba ryikora ryuzuye, ingufu z'amashanyarazi zikomoka kumirasire y'izuba zarazamutse cyane. Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, amashanyarazi y’umwaka yiyongereyeho 25% agera kuri 30% ugereranije na mbere, hamwe no kwiyongera gukabije kw’amashanyarazi ya buri munsi. Mugihe cyumucyo utameze nkimvura nimvura, ibyiza byo kubyara amashanyarazi biragaragara cyane. Inyungu ku ishoramari rya sitasiyo y’amashanyarazi yariyongereye cyane, kandi biteganijwe ko ibiciro byo kuvugurura ibikoresho bizagarurwa nyuma yimyaka 2 kugeza kuri 3 mbere yigihe giteganijwe. ?
Ikibazo cyerekana neza mubushakashatsi bwubumenyi bwubumenyi bwikirere
(1) Amavu n'amavuko y'umushinga
Mugihe ikigo runaka cyubushakashatsi bw’inyenyeri mu Burusiya cyakoraga ubushakashatsi bwo kureba izuba, guhindura intoki gakondo ibikoresho byo kwitegereza ntibishobora guhura n’ibisabwa kugira ngo bikurikiranwe neza kandi birebire kandi bikurikiranwe n’izuba, ku buryo bigoye kubona amakuru y’izuba adahoraho kandi yuzuye. Mu rwego rwo kuzamura urwego rw’ubushakashatsi n’ubushakashatsi, ikigo cyafashe icyemezo cyo gukoresha imirasire y'izuba yikora mu buryo bwuzuye kugira ngo ifashe mu kwitegereza. ?
(2) Ibisubizo
Ikirangantego-cyuzuye cyuzuye cyumuriro wizuba cyashizweho kubushakashatsi bwa siyanse cyatoranijwe. Imyanya ihagaze neza yiyi tracker irashobora kugera kuri 0.1 °, kandi ifite ituze ryinshi nubushobozi bwo kurwanya kwivanga. Ikurikiranabikorwa rihujwe cyane kandi neza na neza hamwe nibikoresho byo kureba ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi nka telesikopi y'izuba na spekrometrike. Ibipimo byo kwitegereza bishyirwaho binyuze muri software ya mudasobwa, bigafasha abakurikirana guhita bahindura Inguni y'ibikoresho byo kwitegereza ukurikije gahunda yateguwe kandi bagakurikirana inzira y'izuba mugihe nyacyo. ?
(3) Ingaruka zo Gushyira mu bikorwa
Nyuma yo gukoresha izuba ryikora ryuzuye rimaze gukoreshwa, abashakashatsi barashobora kugera ku buryo bworoshye igihe kirekire kandi cyiza cyane cyo gukurikirana no kureba izuba. Gukomeza no kumenya neza amakuru yo kwitegereza byatejwe imbere ku buryo bugaragara, bigabanya neza gutakaza amakuru no kwibeshya biterwa no guhindura ibikoresho bidatinze. Hifashishijwe uyu mukurikirana, itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi ryabonye neza amakuru menshi y’ibikorwa by’izuba kandi ryageze ku bisubizo byinshi by’ubushakashatsi mu bumenyi nko mu bushakashatsi bw’izuba no kwitegereza coron. ?
Ikibazo cyo gufatanya gutezimbere sisitemu ya Photovoltaque muri pariki yubuhinzi
(1) Amavu n'amavuko y'umushinga
Muri pariki imwe yubuhinzi ifotora yubuhinzi muri Berezile, imbaho zifotora zashyizweho muburyo bwagenwe. Mugihe cyujuje ibyifuzo byibihingwa biri muri parike, ntishobora gukoresha ingufu zizuba kugirango zitange amashanyarazi. Kugirango ugere ku buryo bunoze bwo kongera umusaruro w’ubuhinzi n’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi no kongera amafaranga yinjira muri pariki, uyikoresha yahisemo gushyiraho amashanyarazi akoresha mu buryo bwuzuye. ?
(2) Ibisubizo
Shyiramo umurongo umwe-wuzuye wuzuye izuba rikurikirana. Iyi tracker irashobora guhindura Inguni yibikoresho bifotora ukurikije uko izuba rihagaze. Hashingiwe ku kwemeza igihe n’izuba ry’izuba ku bihingwa biri muri pariki, birashobora kwakira imirasire yizuba ku rugero runini. Binyuze muri sisitemu yo kugenzura ubwenge, urwego rwo guhindura ingero zifotora zifotora zirashobora gushyirwaho kugirango hirindwe urumuri rwizuba rwinshi rutabuza gufotora amashanyarazi kugira ingaruka kumikurire yibihingwa. Hagati aho, ikurikiranwa rifitanye isano na sisitemu yo gukurikirana ibidukikije ya pariki kugira ngo ihindure Inguni y’amafoto y’amashanyarazi mu gihe nyacyo ukurikije uko ibihingwa bikenera. ?
(3) Ingaruka zo Gushyira mu bikorwa
Nyuma yo gushyiraho amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba yuzuye, amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi y’amashyanyarazi y’ubuhinzi yiyongereyeho hafi 20%, agera ku gukoresha neza ingufu z’izuba bitagize ingaruka ku mikurire isanzwe y’ibihingwa. Ibihingwa muri pariki bikura neza kubera urumuri rwinshi, kandi umusaruro nubwiza byateye imbere. Imikoranire hagati y’ubuhinzi n’inganda zifotora amashanyarazi iratangaje, kandi amafaranga yinjiza muri pariki yiyongereyeho 15% agera kuri 20% ugereranije na mbere. ?
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-18-2025