Ishingiro ry'icyuma gikurikirana imirasire y'izuba cyikora ku buryo bwikora ni ukumenya neza aho izuba riherereye no guhindura uburyo ritwara. Nzahuza uburyo rikoreshwa mu bihe bitandukanye kandi nsobanure neza ihame ryacyo mu buryo burambuye uhereye ku ngingo eshatu z'ingenzi: kumenya uburyo bwo gupima, gusesengura sisitemu yo kugenzura no gufata ibyemezo, no guhindura uburyo bwo kohereza ibintu hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga.
Ihame ry'imikorere y'icyuma gikurikirana izuba cyikora gishingiye ahanini ku kugenzura mu buryo nyabwo no kugenzura neza aho izuba riri. Binyuze mu mikorere ihuriweho ya sensors, sisitemu zo kugenzura n'ibikoresho byo kohereza amakuru, igenzura izuba mu buryo bwikora, ikurikirana izuba mu buryo bwikora, ku buryo bukurikira:
Gutahura aho izuba riri: Uburyo bwo gukurikirana imirasire y'izuba bwikora bwifashisha sensor nyinshi kugira ngo bumenye aho izuba riri mu gihe nyacyo. Ihuriro risanzwe ririmo guhuza sensors za photoelectric n'uburyo bwo kubara kalendari y'inyenyeri. Inyenyeri za photoelectric ubusanzwe zigizwe n'uturemangingo twinshi twa photovoltaic dukwirakwijwe mu byerekezo bitandukanye. Iyo izuba rirashe, ubukana bw'urumuri rwakirwa na buri turemangingo twa photovoltaic buratandukanye. Mu kugereranya ibimenyetso bisohoka by'uturemangingo twa photovoltaic dutandukanye, azimuth n'inguni z'ubutumburuke bw'izuba birashobora kumenyekana. Amategeko agenga kubara kalendari y'inyenyeri ashingiye ku mategeko y'impinduka y'Isi n'izunguruka ryayo ku zuba, hamwe n'amakuru nk'itariki, isaha, n'aho iherereye, kugira ngo harebwe aho izuba riri mu kirere hifashishijwe moderi zateguwe. Ku bijyanye n'ibigo binini by'amashanyarazi bikoresha imirasire y'izuba, sensors za solar position zifite imiterere myiza cyane zitanga inkunga y'amakuru yo guhindura ibintu bikurikiraho binyuze mu kugenzura inguni z'izuba zikoresha azimuth n'ubutumburuke.
Gutunganya no gufata ibyemezo byo kugenzura ibimenyetso: Ikimenyetso cy’aho izuba riherereye cyabonetse na sensor cyoherezwa kuri sisitemu yo kugenzura, ubusanzwe ikaba ari microprocessor cyangwa sisitemu yo kugenzura mudasobwa. Sisitemu yo kugenzura isesengura kandi igatunganya ibimenyetso, ikagereranya aho izuba riherereye nyaryo ryabonetse na sensor n’inguni y’ubu ya panel ya photovoltaic cyangwa ibikoresho byo kureba, kandi ikabara itandukaniro ry’inguni rigomba guhindurwa. Hanyuma, hashingiwe ku ngamba zo kugenzura zashyizweho mbere na algorithm, amabwiriza yo kugenzura ajyanye nayo arakorwa kugira ngo ayobore igikoresho cyo kohereza amakuru mu buryo bwa mekanike kugira ngo gihindurwe inguni. Mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi bw’inyenyeri, nyuma yo gushyiraho ibipimo byo kureba binyuze muri porogaramu ya mudasobwa, sisitemu yo kugenzura ishobora kwisuzuma no gufata icyemezo cy’uburyo bwo guhindura inguni y’ibikoresho byo kureba hakurikijwe gahunda yashyizweho mbere.
Kohereza no Guhindura Inguni: Amabwiriza atangwa na sisitemu yo kugenzura yoherezwa ku gikoresho cyo kohereza. Uburyo busanzwe bwo kohereza bugizwe n'inkoni z'amashanyarazi, moteri zigenda zihuzwa na vitesi cyangwa vis, nibindi. Iyo imaze kwakira amabwiriza, icyuma cyo kohereza kizajya gitera inkunga paneli ya photovoltaic cyangwa support y'ibikoresho byo kureba kugira ngo bizunguruke cyangwa bihinduke uko bikenewe, bigahindura paneli ya photovoltaic cyangwa ibikoresho byo kureba kugira ngo bibe bigororotse cyangwa biri ku nguni runaka ku zuba. Urugero, ku bijyanye na sisitemu ya photovoltaic y'ubuhinzi, icyuma gipima imirasire y'izuba cyikora ku buryo bwikora gihindura inguni y'paneli za photovoltaic binyuze mu bikoresho byo kohereza hakurikijwe amabwiriza ya sisitemu yo kugenzura, kigenzura ko ibihingwa bibona urumuri ruhagije mugihe bigeraho kwakira neza imirasire y'izuba.
Gusubiza no Gukosora: Kugira ngo harebwe neza ko gukurikirana ari ukuri, sisitemu izashyiraho uburyo bwo gusubiza. Ibikoresho by'inguni bikunze gushyirwa ku bikoresho byo kohereza amakuru bya mekanike kugira ngo bigenzure inguni nyayo y'ibyuma by'izuba cyangwa ibikoresho byo kureba mu gihe nyacyo kandi bisubize ayo makuru kuri sisitemu yo kugenzura. Sisitemu yo kugenzura igereranya inguni nyayo n'inguni yo ku ntego. Iyo habayeho gutandukana, izongera gutanga amabwiriza yo guhindura kugira ngo ikosore inguni kandi irebe neza ko gukurikirana ari ukuri. Binyuze mu gushakisha, kubara, guhindura no gusubiza, icyuma gikurikirana imirasire y'izuba cyikora gishobora gukurikirana buri gihe kandi neza impinduka mu mwanya w'izuba.
Urugero rwo kunoza imikorere myiza y'amashanyarazi ya sitasiyo nini z'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba
(1) Amavu n'amavuko y'umushinga
Sitasiyo nini y'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba yo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ifite ubushobozi bwa megawati 50. Mbere yakoreshaga uduce duto kugira ngo ishyireho paneli za photovoltaic. Bitewe no kutabasha gukurikirana impinduka mu mwanya w'izuba mu gihe nyacyo, ingano y'imirasire y'izuba yakirwaga na paneli za photovoltaic yari nke, bigatuma ingufu zikoreshwa mu gutanga ingufu zigabanuka cyane. Cyane cyane mu gitondo cya kare na nimugoroba no mu gihe cy'impinduka z'ibihe by'izuba, igihombo cyo gutanga ingufu z'izuba cyari kinini. Kugira ngo hongerwe ubushobozi bwo gutanga ingufu z'izuba, umuyobozi w'iyi sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi yahisemo gushyiraho uburyo bwo gukurikirana ingufu z'izuba bwikora.
(2) Ibisubizo
Simbuza uduce duto tw’imashini zikoresha imirasire y’izuba mu byiciro biri muri sitasiyo y’amashanyarazi hanyuma ushyiremo uduce dutatu tw’imashini zikoresha imirasire y’izuba twikora ku buryo bwikora. Iyi tracker ikurikirana inguni z’izuba n’ubutumburuke mu gihe nyacyo binyuze mu byuma bipima aho imirasire y’izuba iherereye neza cyane. Ihujwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura igezweho, iyobora agace kugira ngo gahindure inguni y’uduce dukoresha imirasire y’izuba, ikareba ko uduce dukoresha imirasire y’izuba duhora duhagaze neza. Hagati aho, tracker ihujwe na sisitemu y’ubuyobozi bw’imashini y’amashanyarazi kugira ngo igenzure kure kandi itange uburinzi hakiri kare.
(3) Ingaruka zo gushyira mu bikorwa
Nyuma yo gushyiraho icyuma gipima imirasire y'izuba cyikora, ubushobozi bwo gukora amashanyarazi muri sitasiyo y'izuba bwarushijeho kwiyongera cyane. Dukurikije imibare, amashanyarazi atangwa buri mwaka yiyongereyeho 25% kugeza kuri 30% ugereranije na mbere, aho amashanyarazi atangwa buri munsi yiyongera cyane. Mu bihe by'urumuri rubi nko mu gihe cy'itumba n'imvura, inyungu yo gukora amashanyarazi irushaho kugaragara. Inyungu ku ishoramari rya sitasiyo y'izuba yariyongereye cyane, kandi byitezwe ko ikiguzi cyo kuvugurura ibikoresho kizasubizwa imyaka 2 kugeza kuri 3 mbere y'igihe cyari giteganyijwe.
Urugero rw'aho ibintu biherereye neza mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi bw'ikirere
(1) Amavu n'amavuko y'umushinga
Ubwo ikigo kimwe cy’ubushakashatsi ku by’ikirere mu Burusiya cyakoraga ubushakashatsi ku mirasire y’izuba, uburyo bwo guhindura ibikoresho byo kureba hakoreshejwe intoki ntibwashoboraga guhaza icyifuzo cyo gukurikirana no kureba izuba mu buryo bunonosoye kandi burambye, bigatuma bigorana kubona amakuru ahoraho kandi nyayo ku mirasire y’izuba. Kugira ngo hongerwe urwego rw’ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi n’igenzura, ikigo cyafashe icyemezo cyo gukoresha ibyuma bikurikirana imirasire y’izuba byikora kugira ngo bifashe mu kureba.
(2) Ibisubizo
Imashini ikurikirana imirasire y'izuba yikora neza cyane, yagenewe ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi, iratoranywa. Uburyo iyi mashini ikurikirana imirasire y'izuba ihagaze neza bushobora kugera kuri 0.1°, kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo kudahungabana no kwirinda ingaruka mbi. Imashini ikurikirana imirasire y'izuba ihujwe neza kandi ikanapimwa neza n'ibikoresho byo kugenzura ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi nka telesikope z'izuba na spectrometero. Ibipimo byo kureba bishyirwaho binyuze muri porogaramu za mudasobwa, bigatuma mashini ikurikirana imirasire y'izuba ihindura mu buryo bwikora inguni y'ibikoresho byo kureba hakurikijwe gahunda yateguwe mbere no gukurikirana inzira y'izuba mu gihe nyacyo.
(3) Ingaruka zo gushyira mu bikorwa
Nyuma y’uko icyuma gikurikirana imirasire y’izuba gikoreshejwe, abashakashatsi bashobora gukurikirana no kureba izuba mu buryo bworoshye kandi bunoze kandi bunoze. Uburyo amakuru akurikirana n’ukuri byarushijeho kunozwa, bigabanya igihombo n’amakosa aterwa no guhindura ibikoresho bidakora neza. Babifashijwemo n’iki gikoresho gikurikirana imirasire y’izuba, itsinda ry’abashakashatsi ryabonye amakuru menshi y’imikorere y’izuba kandi ryageze ku bisubizo byinshi by’ingenzi mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi mu nzego nko gukora ubushakashatsi ku zuba no kureba izuba mu buryo bw’izuba.
Urugero rwo kuvugurura imikorere ya sisitemu za photovoltaic mu mazu y’ubuhinzi
(1) Amavu n'amavuko y'umushinga
Mu ruganda rumwe rukora ibikoresho by’ubuhinzi bikoresha ingufu za voltaic muri Brezili, ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi bikoresha ingufu za voltaic bishyirwaho mu buryo buhoraho. Nubwo byujuje ibisabwa by’ibihingwa biri muri urwo ruganda, ntibishobora gukoresha ingufu z’izuba mu gutanga ingufu z’amashanyarazi. Kugira ngo umusaruro w’ubuhinzi n’amashanyarazi akoresha ingufu za voltaic ugerweho neza kandi wongere inyungu z’ibigo by’ubuhinzi, ikigo cy’ubucuruzi cyafashe icyemezo cyo gushyiraho ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga byikora ku mirasire y’izuba.
(2) Ibisubizo
Shyiramo icyuma gipima imirasire y'izuba cyikora ku buryo bwikora ku giti cyacyo. Iki gipimo gishobora guhindura inguni y'ibyuma bipima imirasire y'izuba bitewe n'aho izuba riri. Mu rwego rwo kwemeza igihe n'ubukana bw'izuba ry'ibihingwa biri mu bubiko bw'ubutaka, gishobora kwakira imirasire y'izuba ku rugero runini. Binyuze muri sisitemu y'ubwenge yo kugenzura, urwego rwo guhindura inguni rw'ibyuma bipima imirasire y'izuba rushobora gushyirwaho kugira ngo hirindwe ko imirasire y'izuba ikabije ibuza ibyuma bipima imirasire y'izuba kugira ingaruka ku mikurire y'ibihingwa. Hagati aho, icyuma gipima imirasire y'izuba gihuzwa na sisitemu yo kugenzura ibidukikije by'ubukorikori kugira ngo gihindure inguni y'ibyuma bipima imirasire y'izuba mu gihe nyacyo hakurikijwe ibyo imyaka ikeneye mu mikurire.
(3) Ingaruka zo gushyira mu bikorwa
Nyuma yo gushyiraho icyuma gipima imirasire y'izuba cyikora, ingufu zikomoka kuri photovoltaic mu mazu y’ubuhinzi ziyongereyeho hafi 20%, bituma umutungo w’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba ukoreshwa neza nta ngaruka ku mikurire isanzwe y’ibihingwa. Ibihingwa biri muri greenhouse bikura neza bitewe n’urumuri rungana, kandi umusaruro n’ubwiza byariyongereye. Ubufatanye hagati y’ubuhinzi n’inganda zikoresha photovoltaic ni ikintu gitangaje, kandi inyungu muri rusange zituruka muri greenhouse ziyongereyeho 15% kugeza kuri 20% ugereranije na mbere.
Ingero zavuzwe haruguru zigaragaza ibyagezweho mu ikoreshwa rya vitesi z’izuba zikora mu buryo bwikora mu nzego zitandukanye. Niba ushaka kumenya byinshi ku birebana n’ingero runaka cyangwa ufite amabwiriza yo guhindura ibikubiye muri iyo vitesi, nyamuneka umbwire igihe icyo ari cyo cyose.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-18-2025