Mu gihe cy’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku isi ikomeje kwiyongera, gukurikirana neza imvura byarushijeho kuba ingenzi mu kurwanya imyuzure no kurwanya amapfa, gucunga umutungo w’amazi, no gukora ubushakashatsi ku miterere y’ikirere. Ibikoresho byo gukurikirana imvura, nk'igikoresho cy'ibanze cyo gukusanya amakuru y’imvura, byavuye ku bipimo by’imvura bisanzwe bikoreshwa mu buryo bwa tekiniki kugeza kuri sisitemu z’ubwenge zikoresha interineti y’ibintu n’ikoranabuhanga ry’ubuhanga bw’ubukorano. Iyi nkuru izagaragaza mu buryo bwuzuye imiterere ya tekiniki n’uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha ibipimo by’imvura n’ibipimo by’imvura, kandi isesengura uko ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura imyuka ku isi rihagaze ubu. Hazitabwaho cyane intambwe igezweho mu bijyanye no kugenzura imyuka mu bihugu nk'Ubushinwa na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, hagaragazwe iterambere rigezweho n’intambwe igaragara mu gihe kizaza mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gukurikirana imvura ku basomyi.
Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga n'ibiranga ingenzi by'ibikoresho byo kugenzura imvura
Imvura, nk'ikintu cy'ingenzi mu mihindagurikire y'amazi, gupima neza kwayo ni ingenzi cyane mu guhanura iteganyagihe, ubushakashatsi ku mazi no gutanga amakuru y'ibiza hakiri kare. Ibikoresho byo gukurikirana imvura, nyuma y'ikinyejana cy'iterambere, byagize urwego rwuzuye rwa tekiniki kuva ku bikoresho gakondo bya mekanike kugeza ku byuma bigezweho by'ikoranabuhanga, bihaza ibyifuzo byo gukurikirana mu bihe bitandukanye. Ibikoresho bikuru byo kugenzura imvura birimo ahanini ibipimo gakondo by'imvura, ibipimo by'imvura bipima imvura mu ndobo zigwa n'ibipimo by'imvura bishya bya piezoelectric, nibindi. Buri kimwe muri byo gifite imiterere yacyo kandi kigaragaza imiterere igaragara itandukanye mu bijyanye n'ukuri, ukwizerwa n'ibidukikije bifatika.
Igipimo cy’imvura gisanzwe ni bwo buryo bw’ibanze bwo gupima imvura. Igishushanyo cyacyo cyoroshye ariko gifite akamaro. Ibipimo bisanzwe by’imvura akenshi bikozwe mu cyuma kitagira umwanda, gifite umurambararo wa Ф200 ± 0.6 mm. Bishobora gupima imvura ifite ubukana bwa ≤4 mm/min, bifite resolution ya 0.2 mm (bihwanye na 6.28 ml by’amazi). Mu gihe cy’igeragezwa ry’imbere mu nzu, ubuziranenge bwabyo bushobora kugera kuri ± 4%. Iki gikoresho cya mekanike ntigisaba amashanyarazi yo hanze kandi gikora hashingiwe ku mahame y’umubiri. Gifite ukwizerwa cyane no kubungabunga byoroshye. Imiterere y’igipimo cy’imvura nayo ni nziza cyane. Aho imvura isohoka hakozwe mu cyuma kitagira umwanda binyuze mu gukata no gushushanya muri rusange, hamwe n’uburyo bworoshye bworoshye, bishobora kugabanya neza amakosa aterwa no kubika amazi. Ifuro ryo guhindura imiterere ritambitse imbere rifasha abakoresha guhindura ibikoresho kugira ngo bikore neza. Nubwo ibipimo bisanzwe by’imvura bifite imbogamizi mu bijyanye no kwikora no kwaguka kw’imikorere, ububasha bw’amakuru yabo yo gupima butuma bikomeza kuba ibikoresho by’ingenzi ku mashami y’ikirere n’amazi kugira ngo bakore isuzuma ry’ubucuruzi n’igereranya kugeza ubu.
Imashini ipima imvura ikoresheje agace k'amazi gapima amazi yageze ku ntera idasanzwe mu gupima no gutanga amakuru hifashishijwe silinda isanzwe ipima imvura. Ubu bwoko bwa sensor buhindura imvura mo ikimenyetso cy'amashanyarazi binyuze mu buryo bwakozwe neza bwo gupima imvura bubiri - iyo imwe mu ndobo yakiriye amazi ku giciro cyagenwe (ubusanzwe imvura ya 0.1mm cyangwa 0.2mm), irahinduka ubwayo bitewe n'imbaraga z'uburemere, kandi icyarimwe igakora ikimenyetso cy'ingufu 710 binyuze mu buryo bwa magnetic steel na reed switch. Imashini ipima imvura ya FF-YL yakozwe na Hebei Feimeng Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. ni igikoresho gisanzwe. Iki gikoresho gikoresha igice cy'imashini ipima amazi gikozwe mu gushushanya pulasitiki y'ubuhanga. Sisitemu yo gushyigikira yakozwe neza kandi ifite igihe gito cyo kurwanya gushwanyagurika. Kubwibyo, ishobora kwihuta iyo ihindukiye kandi ifite imikorere ihamye. Imashini ipima imvura ikoresheje agace k'amazi gapima amazi ifite umurongo mwiza kandi ifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kurwanya ingaruka mbi. Byongeye kandi, umuyoboro wakozwe ufite imyobo y'amasasu kugira ngo wirinde ko amababi n'ibindi bisigazwa by'amazi y'imvura bibuza amazi y'imvura gutemba, ibyo bikaba birushaho kunoza imikorere myiza mu bidukikije byo hanze. Igipimo cy’imvura cya TE525MM cy’ikigo cya Campbell Scientific Company cyo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika cyazamuye uburyo bwo gupima buri ndobo kugeza kuri 0.1mm. Byongeye kandi, ingaruka z’umuyaga mwinshi ku buryo bwo gupima zishobora kugabanuka hakoreshejwe guhitamo ikirahure cy’imbere mu nzu, cyangwa hakabaho uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru hakoreshejwe insinga kugira ngo amakuru yohererezwe kure 10.
Sensor y'imvura ya piezoelectric ihagarariye urwego rwo hejuru rw'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo kugenzura imvura. Ikuraho burundu ibice byimuka bya mashini kandi ikoresha filime ya piezoelectric ya PVDF nk'igikoresho cyo kumenya imvura. Ipima imvura isesengura ikimenyetso cy'ingufu za kinetic cyakozwe n'ingaruka z'ibitonyanga by'imvura. Sensor y'imvura ya FT-Y1 yakozwe na Shandong Fengtu Internet of Things Technology Co., Ltd. ni umusaruro usanzwe w'iyi koranabuhanga. Ikoresha umuyoboro w'imitsi wa AI ushyizwemo kugira ngo itandukane ibimenyetso by'ibitonyanga by'imvura kandi ishobora kwirinda ibintu bitari byo biterwa n'ibibazo nk'umucanga, umukungugu, no guhindagura 25. Iyi sensor ifite ibyiza byinshi bidasanzwe: igishushanyo gihuriweho kidafite ibice bigaragara kandi gishobora gushungura ibimenyetso by'ibitonyanga by'ibidukikije; Ingano yo gupima ni nini (0-4mm/min), kandi ubushobozi bwo kugena ni 0.01mm. Inshuro yo gufata ingero ni yihuta ( Imbonerahamwe: Igereranya ry'imikorere y'ibikoresho bikuru byo kugenzura imvura Ubwoko bw'ibikoresho, ihame ry'imikorere, ibyiza n'ibibi, ubuziranenge busanzwe, ibintu bifatika Igipimo cy’imvura gisanzwe gikusanya amazi y’imvura kugira ngo apimwe, gifite imiterere yoroshye, cyizewe cyane, nta ngufu zikenewe no gusomwa n’intoki, hamwe n’imikorere imwe ya sitasiyo z’iteganyagihe ± 4% n’ahantu ho kwitegereza hakoreshejwe intoki. Uburyo bwo gupima imvura bw'agakoresho gapima imvura gahindura imvura mo ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi kugira ngo bipimwe mu buryo bwikora. Amakuru yoroshye kohereza. Ibice bya mashini bishobora gusaza kandi bigasaba kubungabungwa buri gihe. ± 3% (ubukana bw'imvura 2mm/min) ahantu ho gupima ikirere hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga, aho amazi anyura Imashini ipima imvura ya piezoelectric ikora ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi bivuye ku ngufu za kinetic z'ibitonyanga by'imvura kugira ngo bisuzumwe. Nta bice bigenda, ifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru, ikiguzi kinini cyo kurwanya ingaruka mbi, kandi isaba uburyo bwo gutunganya ibimenyetso bwa ≤±4% ku bijyanye n'ikirere cy'imodoka, sitasiyo zikora mu buryo bwikora, n'imijyi ifite ubwenge. Uretse ibikoresho byo kugenzura imvura bihoraho bishingiye ku butaka, ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima imvura ririmo gutera imbere mu kugenzura kure mu kirere no mu kirere. Radar y'imvura ishingiye ku butaka ipima ubukana bw'imvura binyuze mu gusohora imiraba ya elegitoroniki no gusesengura amajwi atatanye y'ibicu n'uduce tw'imvura. Ishobora kugera ku igenzura rinini rihoraho, ariko igirwaho ingaruka cyane no gufunga ubutaka n'inyubako zo mu mijyi. Ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura kure mu kirere "rireba" imvura y'Isi iturutse mu kirere. Muri byo, uburyo bwo kugenzura kure mu kirere bukoresha uburyo bwo gutandukanya uduce tw'imvura ku mirasire y'inyuma kugira ngo buhinduke, mu gihe uburyo bwo kugenzura kure mu kirere (nk'iya DPR ya satelite ya GPM) butanga ibimenyetso kandi bukakira amajwi, kandi bukabara ubukana bw'imvura 49 binyuze mu mibanire ya ZR (Z=aR^b). Nubwo ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura kure rifite uburyo bwagutse bwo kugenzura, ukuri kwaryo gushingira ku gupima amakuru y'imvura yo ku butaka. Urugero, isuzuma ryakozwe mu kibaya cy'uruzi rwa Laoha mu Bushinwa rigaragaza ko itandukaniro riri hagati y'imvura ya 3B42V6 n'ibipimo by'ubutaka ari 21%, mu gihe itandukaniro riri hagati y'imvura ya 3B42RT iboneka mu gihe nyacyo riri hejuru ya 81%. Guhitamo ibikoresho byo kugenzura imvura bigomba gusuzuma neza ibintu nko gupima neza, guhuza ibidukikije, ibisabwa mu kubungabunga n'ikiguzi. Ibipimo gakondo by'imvura birakwiriye nk'ibikoresho byo kugenzura amakuru. Igipimo cy'imvura gipima imvura gihuza ibiciro n'imikorere kandi ni imiterere isanzwe mu bigo by'iteganyagihe byikora. Ibipimo by'amashanyarazi, hamwe n'ubushobozi bwabyo bwo guhuza ibidukikije n'urwego rw'ubwenge, birimo kwagura ikoreshwa ryabyo buhoro buhoro mu rwego rwo kugenzura byihariye. Hamwe n'iterambere rya interineti y'ibintu n'ikoranabuhanga ry'ubuhanga bw'ubukorano, umuyoboro w'igenzura uhujwe n'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho uzaba inzira y'ejo hazaza, ugere ku buryo burambuye bwo kugenzura imvura buhuza ingingo n'ubuso kandi buhuza ikirere n'ubutaka. Uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha ibikoresho byo kugenzura imvura Amakuru yerekeye imvura, nk'ikimenyetso cy'ibanze cy'iteganyagihe n'amazi, yagutse imirima yayo ikoreshwa kuva ku kwitegereza ikirere bisanzwe kugeza ku bintu byinshi nko kurwanya imyuzure mu mijyi, umusaruro w'ubuhinzi, no gucunga urujya n'uruza rw'amazi, bituma habaho uburyo bwose bwo kuyikoresha bukubiyemo inganda zikomeye z'ubukungu bw'igihugu. Bitewe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo gukurikirana no kunoza ubushobozi bwo gusesengura amakuru, ibikoresho byo gukurikirana imvura bigira uruhare runini mu bintu byinshi, bitanga ishingiro rya siyansi ku muryango w'abantu mu gukemura ibibazo by'imihindagurikire y'ikirere n'ibibazo by'umutungo w'amazi. Gukurikirana iteganyagihe n'amazi no kuburira ibiza hakiri kare Igenzura ry’ikirere n’amazi ni ryo shami risanzwe kandi ry’ingenzi ry’ibikoresho by’imvura. Mu rwego rw’igihugu rw’igenzura ry’ikirere, ibipimo by’imvura n’ibipimo by’imvura bigizwe n’ibikorwa remezo byo gukusanya amakuru y’imvura. Aya makuru si ibipimo by’ingenzi byo gupima ikirere gusa, ahubwo ni n’amakuru y’ibanze mu bushakashatsi ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere. Umuyoboro wa MESO-scale rain gauge (MESONET) washinzwe i Mumbai wagaragaje akamaro k’umuyoboro ugenzura ubucucike bwinshi - binyuze mu gusesengura amakuru y’igihe cy’imvura kuva mu 2020 kugeza mu 2022, abashakashatsi bashoboye kubara ko umuvuduko mpuzandengo w’imvura nyinshi wari kilometero 10.3-17.4 ku isaha, kandi icyerekezo cyari hagati ya dogere 253-260. Ibi byavumbuwe bifite akamaro kanini mu kunoza icyitegererezo cyo guteganya imvura mu mijyi. Mu Bushinwa, "Gahunda ya 14 y’imyaka itanu y’iterambere ry’amazi" ivuga neza ko ari ngombwa kunoza umuyoboro ugenzura amazi, kongera ubucucike n’ukuri kw’igenzura ry’imvura, no gutanga inkunga mu gufata ibyemezo byo kurwanya imyuzure no guhangana n’amapfa. Muri sisitemu yo kuburira hakiri kare imyuzure, amakuru ajyanye no kugenzura imvura mu gihe nyacyo agira uruhare rudasimburwa. Ibikoresho byo kugenzura imvura bikoreshwa cyane muri sisitemu yo kugenzura no gutanga raporo ku mazi igamije kugenzura imyuzure, kohereza amazi, no gucunga imiterere y'amazi muri sitasiyo z'amashanyarazi n'ibigega by'amazi. Iyo ubukana bw'imvura burenze urugero rw'igihe cyagenwe, sisitemu ishobora guhita itanga umuburo wo kwibutsa uturere two munsi y'amazi kwitegura kurwanya imyuzure. Urugero, sensor y'imvura igwa mu ndobo FF-YL ifite imikorere y'ibiza by'imvura mu bihe bitatu. Ishobora gutanga urwego rutandukanye rw'amajwi, urumuri n'amajwi hashingiwe ku mvura yakusanyije, bityo ikagura igihe cy'agaciro cyo gukumira no kugabanya ibiza. Umuti wo kugenzura imvura wa Campbell Scientific Company muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika utanga amakuru mu gihe nyacyo binyuze muri CWS900 series interface, urushaho kunoza cyane imikorere y'igenzura ho 10. Porogaramu zo gucunga no gutwara abantu mu mijyi Kubaka imijyi ifite ubwenge byazanye uburyo bushya bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura imvura. Mu gukurikirana uburyo bwo kuvoma mu mijyi, ibikoresho by'imvura byashyizwe ahagaragara bishobora gusobanukirwa ubukana bw'imvura muri buri gace mu gihe nyacyo. Bihujwe n'icyitegererezo cy'imiyoboro y'amazi, bishobora guhanura ibyago byo kuzura mu mijyi no kunoza uburyo bwo kohereza ibyuma bitanga amazi. Ibikoresho by'imvura bya piezoelectric, bifite ingano nto (nka FT-Y1) kandi bihura neza n'ibidukikije, birakwiriye cyane gushyirwa mu mijyi mu buryo bwihishe. 25. Ishami rishinzwe kugenzura imyuzure mu mijyi minini nka Beijing ryatangiye kugerageza uburyo bwo kugenzura imvura bushingiye kuri interineti y'ibintu. Binyuze mu guhuza amakuru y'ibikoresho byinshi by'imvura, bigamije kugera ku guhanura neza no gusubiza vuba imyuzure mu mijyi. Mu rwego rwo gucunga ibinyabiziga, ibikoresho by'imvura byahindutse igice cy'ingenzi cya sisitemu y'ubwikorezi bw'ubwenge. Ibikoresho by'imvura byashyizwe ku mihanda minini n'imihanda minini yo mu mijyi bishobora kugenzura ubukana bw'imvura mu gihe nyacyo. Iyo imvura nyinshi ibonetse, bihita bitangira ibimenyetso bitandukanye byo gutanga umuvuduko ntarengwa cyangwa bigakoresha sisitemu yo gusohora amazi mu muhanda. Igitangaje kurushaho ni ukumenyekana kw'ibikoresho by'imvura mu modoka - ibi bikoresho by'izuba cyangwa by'amashanyarazi, akenshi byihishe inyuma y'ikirahure cy'imbere, bishobora guhindura umuvuduko w'amazi bitewe n'ingano y'imvura igwa ku kirahure, bigatuma umutekano w'imodoka urushaho kwiyongera mu gihe cy'imvura. Isoko ry'ibikoresho by'imvura ku isi ryiganjemo abatanga serivisi nka Kostar, Bosch, na Denso. Ibi bikoresho by'ubuhanga bigaragaza urwego rugezweho rw'ikoranabuhanga ryo kumenya imvura. Umusaruro w'ubuhinzi n'ubushakashatsi ku bidukikije Iterambere ry'ubuhinzi bunoze ntabwo ritandukaniye no gukurikirana imvura ku gipimo cy'umurima. Amakuru y'imvura afasha abahinzi kunoza gahunda zo kuhira, birinda gusesagura amazi mu gihe bagenzura ko ibyo imyaka ikeneye byuzuzwa. Utwuma tw'imvura (nk'udupima tw'imvura tudapfuka) twashyizwe mu bigo by'ubuhinzi n'amashyamba dufite imiterere yo kurwanya ingese kandi dufite isura nziza, kandi dushobora gukora neza mu gasozi igihe kirekire. Mu turere tw'imisozi miremire n'imisozi miremire, umuyoboro ukurikirana imvura ukoreshwa mu buryo burambuye ushobora gufata itandukaniro ry'ahantu h'imvura no gutanga inama ku buhinzi ku butaka butandukanye. Hari imirima iteye imbere yatangiye kugerageza guhuza amakuru y'imvura n'uburyo bwo kuhira bwikora kugira ngo hagerwe ku micungire nyayo y'amazi. Ubushakashatsi ku bijyanye n'ibidukikije bushingiye kandi ku isuzuma ry'imvura nziza. Mu bushakashatsi ku miterere y'ibinyabuzima mu mashyamba, kugenzura imvura mu mashyamba bishobora gusesengura ingaruka z'ubuso bw'amazi ku mvura. Mu kurinda ibishanga, amakuru y'imvura ni ingenzi mu kubara uburinganire bw'amazi; Mu rwego rwo kubungabunga ubutaka n'amazi, amakuru y'ubukana bw'imvura afitanye isano itaziguye n'ukuri kw'ingero z'isuri y'ubutaka 17. Abashakashatsi bo mu kibaya cya Kera cy'Uruzi rwa Ha mu Bushinwa bakoresheje amakuru apima imvura yo ku butaka kugira ngo basuzume ukuri kw'ibicuruzwa by'imvura nka TRMM na CMORPH, bitanga ishingiro ry'ingirakamaro ryo kunoza uburyo bwo kumenya kure. Ubu buryo bwo gukurikirana "ikirere n'ubutaka bivanze" burimo kuba uburyo bushya mu bushakashatsi ku bijyanye n'ibidukikije. Imiterere yihariye n'ikoreshwa rishya Inganda zikora ingufu n'ingufu nazo zatangiye gushyira agaciro ku gaciro ko gukurikirana imvura. Imbuga z'umuyaga zikoresha amakuru y'imvura kugira ngo zipime ibyago byo kwangirika kw'amasasu, mu gihe za sitasiyo z'amashanyarazi zikoresha amazi zinoza gahunda zazo zo gutanga amashanyarazi hashingiwe ku iteganyagihe ry'imvura mu kibaya. Imashini ipima imvura ya piezoelectric FT-Y1 yakoreshejwe muri sisitemu yo kugenzura ibidukikije mu mirima y'umuyaga. Ingano yayo y'ubushyuhe kuva kuri -40 kugeza kuri 85°C ikwiriye cyane cyane mu gukurikirana igihe kirekire mu bihe bikomeye by'ikirere. Ahantu ho mu kirere hari ibyo abantu bakeneye cyane mu kugenzura imvura. Urusobe rw'imvura rukikije ikibuga cy'indege rutanga icyizere cy'umutekano mu by'indege, mu gihe aho roketi iraswa hagomba gusobanukirwa neza uko imvura igwa kugira ngo habeho umutekano mu gihe cyo kuyirasa. Muri izi ngamba z'ingenzi, ibikoresho byizewe cyane byo gupima imvura mu ndobo (nka Campbell TE525MM) bikunze gutoranywa nk'ibikoresho by'ingenzi. Ubuziranenge bwabyo bwa ± 1% (ubukana bw'imvura bwa ≤10mm/isaha) n'igishushanyo gishobora gushyirwamo impeta zirinda umuyaga byujuje ibisabwa mu nganda 10. Inzego z’ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi n’uburezi nazo zirimo kwagura ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho byo gukurikirana imvura. Ibikoresho byo gusuzuma imvura bikoreshwa nk’ibikoresho byo kwigisha no kugerageza mu bumenyi bw’ikirere, hydrology n’ubumenyi bw’ibidukikije mu mashuri makuru n’amashuri yisumbuye y’ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo bifashe abanyeshuri gusobanukirwa ihame ryo gupima imvura. Imishinga y’ubumenyi bw’abaturage ishishikariza abaturage kwitabira isuzuma ry’imvura no kwagura uburyo bwo kugenzura imvura hakoreshejwe ibipimo by’imvura bihendutse. Gahunda y’uburezi ya GPM (Global Precipitation Measurement) muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika igaragaza neza amahame n’ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga ryo kureba kure ku banyeshuri binyuze mu isesengura rigereranya amakuru y’imvura n’ay’ubutaka. Bitewe n’iterambere rya interineti y’ibintu, amakuru menshi n’ikoranabuhanga ry’ubuhanga bw’ubukorano, igenzura ry’imvura ririmo guhinduka kuva ku gupima imvura imwe kugeza ku buryo bwo gufatanya mu buryo bufatika hamwe no gushyigikira ibyemezo by’ubwenge. Sisitemu yo gukurikirana imvura mu gihe kizaza izahuzwa cyane n’izindi sensors z’ibidukikije (nk’ubushuhe, umuvuduko w’umuyaga, ubushuhe bw’ubutaka, nibindi) kugira ngo habeho umuyoboro wuzuye w’ubumenyi bw’ibidukikije, utange inkunga y’amakuru yuzuye kandi nyayo ku muryango w’abantu kugira ngo bahangane n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere n’ibibazo by’umutungo w’amazi. Kugereranya uko ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura gazi ku isi rihagaze ubu n'ibihugu Ikoranabuhanga ryo gukurikirana imyuka, kimwe no gukurikirana imvura, ni ingenzi mu bijyanye no gusobanukirwa ibidukikije kandi rigira uruhare runini mu mihindagurikire y’ikirere ku isi, umutekano w’inganda, ubuzima rusange n’ibindi. Hashingiwe ku miterere y’inganda, politiki z’ibidukikije n’urwego rw’ikoranabuhanga, ibihugu bitandukanye n’uturere bigaragaza imiterere yihariye y’iterambere mu bushakashatsi no mu ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga ryo gukurikirana imyuka. Nk’igihugu gikomeye mu nganda n’ikigo gishya mu guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, Ubushinwa bwateye imbere cyane mu bushakashatsi no guteza imbere no gukoresha ibikoresho byo gusuzuma imyuka. Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, zishingiye ku mbaraga zabyo zikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga n’uburyo bwuzuye busanzwe, zigumana umwanya wa mbere mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gukurikirana imyuka n’ibikoreshwa mu buryo bufite agaciro kanini. Ibihugu by’i Burayi birimo guteza imbere udushya mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gukurikirana hakoreshejwe amategeko akomeye yo kurengera ibidukikije. Ubuyapani na Koreya y’Epfo bifite imyanya ikomeye mu bijyanye n’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga n’ibikoresho byo gusuzuma imyuka by’imodoka. Iterambere n'Ikoreshwa ry'Ikoranabuhanga ryo Gukurikirana Gazi mu Bushinwa Ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura imyuka mu Bushinwa ryagaragaje iterambere ryihuse mu myaka yashize kandi ryateye imbere cyane mu nzego zitandukanye nko mu mutekano w’inganda, gukurikirana ibidukikije n’ubuzima bw’ubuvuzi. Ubuyobozi bwa politiki ni imbaraga z’ingenzi mu kwagura vuba isoko ryo kugenzura imyuka mu Bushinwa. "Gahunda ya 14 y’imyaka itanu yo gukora imiti ihumanya ikirere" isaba ko pariki z’inganda zikora imiti ihumanya ikirere zishyiraho uburyo bwo kugenzura imyuka ihumanya ikirere n’uburiganya bw’ibanze no guteza imbere iyubakwa ry’urubuga rw’ubwenge rwo kugenzura ingaruka. Muri iyi politiki, ibikoresho byo kugenzura imyuka yo mu ngo byakoreshejwe cyane mu nganda zishobora kugera ku ngaruka zikomeye nka peteroli n’ibirombe by’amakara. Urugero, ibikoresho byo kugenzura imyuka ihumanya ikirere n’ibikoresho byo kugenzura imyuka isharira byahindutse ibikoresho bisanzwe byo kurinda umutekano w’inganda. Mu rwego rwo kugenzura ibidukikije, Ubushinwa bwashyizeho urwego runini ku isi rugenzura ubuziranenge bw'umwuka, rukorera mu mijyi 338 yo mu turere no hejuru yayo mu gihugu hose. Uru rwego rugenzura ahanini ibipimo bitandatu, ari byo SO₂, NO₂, CO, O₃, PM₂.₅ na PM₁₀, muri byo bine bya mbere byose ni imyuka ihumanya. Amakuru aturuka mu kigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe kugenzura ibidukikije mu Bushinwa agaragaza ko kugeza mu 2024, hari sitasiyo zirenga 1.400 zigenzura ubuziranenge bw'umwuka ku rwego rw'igihugu, zose zifite ibikoresho byo gusesengura gazi byikora. Amakuru aboneka ku buryo nyabwo atangwa ku baturage binyuze muri "National Urban Air Quality Real-Time Release Platform". Ubu bushobozi bunini kandi buhanitse bwo kugenzura butanga ishingiro rya siyansi ry'ibikorwa by'Ubushinwa byo gukumira no kugenzura ihumana ry'umwuka. Nyamuneka hamagara Honde Technology Co., LTD. Email: info@hondetech.com Urubuga rwa interineti rw'ikigo:www.hondetechco.com Terefone: +86-15210548582
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-11-2025