Uburyo ubuhanga mu buhinzi bw'amazi mu mazi burimo guhinduka "umwijima w'ikoranabuhanga" w'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa byo mu mazi

Iyo urugero rwa ogisijeni, pH, na ammonia byashongeshejwe bitakiri ibyo umuntu yasoma n'intoki ahubwo bikaba ari amakuru atuma umwuka winjira mu buryo bwikora, gutanga ibiryo neza, no gutanga amakuru ku ndwara, impinduramatwara mu buhinzi ishingiye ku "buhanga mu by'amazi" iri kugaragara mu burobyi ku isi yose.

Mu migezi ya Noruveje, hari agace k’uturemangingo tw’uturemangingo twinshi mu kazu k’ubworozi bw’amafi ya salmon gakurikirana uburyo buri fi ihumeka mu gihe nyacyo. Muri Mekong Delta yo muri Vietnam, telefoni y’umuhinzi w’amafi ya shrimp Trần Văn Sơn irahindagura saa cyenda za mu gitondo—atari ubutumwa bwatanzwe ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, ahubwo ni ubutumwa bwatanzwe n’“umwijima” w’ikidendezi cye—uburyo bw’amazi bwiza: “Ogisijeni yashongeshejwe mu Kidendezi cya B iri kugabanuka buhoro buhoro. Ndagusaba gukoresha icyuma gitera umwuka mu minota 47 kugira ngo wirinde ko amafi ya shrimp atangira guhangayika mu masaha 2.5.”

Ibi si inkuru mpimbano. Ni igihe cy'ubu, kuko sisitemu z'ubuziranenge bw'amazi yo mu mazi zigenda zihinduka kuva ku kugenzura ahantu hamwe kugeza ku kugenzura amazi mu buryo bw'ubwenge. Izi sisitemu ntabwo zikiri "ibipimo by'ubushyuhe" gusa ku bwiza bw'amazi; zabaye "umwijima w'ikoranabuhanga" w'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima by'amazi - zihora zikuraho uburozi, zihindura imisemburo, zigenzura, kandi ziburira mbere y'igihe ibibazo.

Iterambere rya sisitemu: Kuva kuri "Dashboard" kugeza kuri "Autopilot"

Igisekuru cya mbere: Gukurikirana ibintu bimwe (Imbonerahamwe)

• Imiterere: Ibipimo bya pH byigenga, ibikoresho byo gupima umwuka wa ogisijeni washongeshejwe.
• Inyurabwenge: “Ni iki kirimo kuba?” Ishingiye ku gusoma no ku bunararibonye.
• Imbogamizi: Silos z'amakuru, igisubizo cyatinze.

Itsinda rya Kabiri: Integrated IoT (Sisitemu y'imitsi yo hagati)

• Ifishi: Uduce tw'igenzura dufite ibipimo byinshi + inzira zitagira umugozi + urubuga rw'ibicu.
• Inyurabwenge: “Ni iki kirimo kuba, kandi hehe?” Ikoresha uburyo bwo gutanga amakuru mu buryo bwa kure.
• Uko ibintu bimeze ubu: Iyi ni yo miterere isanzwe y’ubuhinzi bw’ibihingwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru muri iki gihe.

Igisata cya Gatatu: Sisitemu z'ubwenge zifunganye (Umubiri wigenga)

• Imiterere: Ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa sensor + AI edge computing gateways + automatic actuators (aerators, feeders, valves, ozone generators).
• Inyurabwenge: “Ni iki kigiye kuba? Ni gute byakwitabwaho mu buryo bwikora?”
• Ishingiro: Sisitemu ishobora guhanura ingaruka hashingiwe ku miterere y'ubuziranenge bw'amazi no gushyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza yo kunoza, igafunga umurongo uva ku buryo umuntu abona ibintu ukagera ku bikorwa.

Ikoranabuhanga ry'ibanze: Ingingo eshanu z' "umwijima w'ikoranabuhanga"

1. Icyiciro cyo Kubona (Utunyangingo tw'Ubwenge)
   • Ibipimo by'ingenzi: Ogisijeni yashongeshejwe (DO), Ubushyuhe, pH, Ammonia, Nitrite, Turbidity, Umunyu.
   • Umupaka w'ikoranabuhanga: Ibyuma bipima indwara bitangiye kuvumbura hakiri kare umubare w'udukoko twanduza indwara (urugero,Vibrio). Ibikoresho by'amajwi bipima ubuzima bw'abaturage binyuze mu gusesengura imiterere y'amajwi yo gukurura amafi.
2. Urusobe rw'Umuyoboro n'Inkombe (Inzira z'Imitsi n'Ingingo y'Ubwenge)
   • Guhuza: Ikoresha imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi make (urugero, LoRaWAN) kugira ngo ikwirakwize ahantu hanini ho mu byuzi, hamwe na 5G/satellite backhaul ku bigega byo mu mazi.
   • Ihindagurika: AI Edge Gateways itunganya amakuru mu buryo bwihuse, ikomeza ingamba z'ibanze zo kugenzura ndetse no mu gihe cy'ibura ry'umuyoboro w'itumanaho, igakemura ibibazo byo gutinda no kwishingikiriza ku bandi.
3. Urukurikirane rw'imikorere n'uburyo bwo kuyikoresha (Cerebral Cortex)
   • Impanga y'ikoranabuhanga: Ikora kopi y'ikigega cy'umuco mu buryo bwo kwigana no kunoza ingamba zo kugaburira.
   • Ingero za AI: Algorithms zo mu kigo gishya cya California, binyuze mu gusesengura isano iri hagati y’igabanuka rya DO n’ingano y’ibiryo, byashoboye kongera igipimo cyo guhindura ibiryo ku kigero cya 18% no kunoza uburyo bwo guhanura ku muvuduko w’ibimera kugeza ku kigero kirenga 85%.
4. Icyiciro cy'imikorere (Imikaya n'imisemburo)
   • Guhuza neza: DO iri hasi? Sisitemu ishyira imbere gukoresha aerators zo hasi zikwirakwiza amazi hejuru y'amapine yo hejuru, bikongera ubushobozi bwo guhumeka ku kigero cya 30%. pH iri hasi buri gihe? Valves zo gupima sodium bicarbonate zifunguye.
   • Urugero rwa Noruveje: Utwuma tw’ibiryo tw’ubwenge twahinduwe hashingiwe ku makuru y’ubwiza bw’amazi twagabanyije imyanda y’ibiryo by’ibiryo mu buhinzi bwa salmon kuva kuri ~5% kugeza munsi ya 1%.
5. Icyiciro cy'umutekano no gukurikirana (Sisitemu y'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri)
   • Kugenzura Blockchain: Amakuru yose y’ingenzi y’ubuziranenge bw’amazi n’inyandiko z’imikorere bibikwa ku gitabo cy’ibaruramari kidahinduka, bigatanga "amateka y’ubuziranenge bw’amazi" kuri buri gice cy’ibiryo byo mu mazi, bikaba byagerwaho n’abaguzi binyuze mu gushakisha.

Igenzura ry'ubukungu: ROI ishingiye ku makuru

Ku buhinzi bw'isambaza buciriritse bwa hegitari 50:

• Ingingo z’ububabare gakondo: Ishingiye ku bunararibonye bw’abahoze ari abasirikare, ibyago byinshi byo gupfa mu buryo butunguranye, ikiguzi cy’imiti n’ibiryo birenga 60%.
• Ishoramari rya sisitemu y'ubwenge: Hafi ¥200.000 – ¥400.000 (rikubiyemo sensors, gateways, control devices, na software).
• Inyungu Zishobora Kubarwa (hashingiwe ku makuru yo mu 2023 yavuye mu murima wo mu Majyepfo y'Ubushinwa):
  • Igabanuka ry'impfu: Kuva ku mpuzandengo ya 22% kugeza kuri 9%, bikongera amafaranga yinjira ku kigero cya ~¥350.000.
  • Igipimo cyo guhindura ibiryo by’ibiribwa (FCR): Cyavuye kuri 1.5 kigera kuri 1.3, bigabanya ~¥180.000 by’ikiguzi cy’ibiryo by’ibiribwa ku mwaka.
  • Ikiguzi cy'imiti cyagabanutse: Imikoreshereze y'imiti yo kwirinda yagabanutseho 35%, bizigama ~¥50.000.
  • Kongera Umusaruro mu Bakozi: Byagabanyije 30% by'abakozi bakoraga igenzura ry'amaboko.
• Igihe cyo kwishyura: Ubusanzwe mu gihe cy'ikorwa ry'umusaruro 1-2 (hafi amezi 12-18).

Imbogamizi n'ejo hazaza: Umupaka Ukurikiraho w'Ubuhanga mu Bikorwa

1. Biofouling: Utumashini tw’imashini twinjira mu mazi igihe kirekire dushobora kwanduzwa n’ibimera n’ibinyamisogwe, bigatuma amakuru ahindagurika. Ikoranabuhanga ryo kwisukura mu buryo bwa “next-gen” (urugero: isuku ya ultrasonic, irangi rirwanya kwanduzwa) ni ingenzi.
2. Uburyo rusange bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga: Uburyo bwiza bw'amazi buratandukanye cyane bitewe n'amoko, uturere, n'uburyo bwo guhinga. Ahazaza hakenewe uburyo bwo kwigiramo ubuhanga bwo guhindura imiterere y'amazi mu buryo bushobora guhindurwa kandi bushobora kwihuza n'ibindi.
3. Kugabanya Ikiguzi: Kugira ngo sisitemu zihendutse ku bahinzi bato biterwa no guhuza ibikoresho no kugabanya ikiguzi.
4. Kwihaza mu ngufu: Igisubizo cy’ingenzi ku masanduku yo mu nyanja gikubiyemo ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba/umuyaga kugira ngo habeho ukwigenga mu bijyanye n’ingufu ku buryo bwose bwo kugenzura no kugenzura.

Uko abantu babona ibintu: Iyo umusirikari w’inararibonye ahuye n’uburiganya bwo gutekereza ku bintu byanduye (AI)

Mu icumbi ry’ibishyimbo byo mu nyanja i Rongcheng, muri Shandong, umuhinzi w’inararibonye Lao Zhao, ufite uburambe bw’imyaka 30, yabanje kwanga “aya masanduku ahuha.” Yagize ati: “Nfata amazi n’amaboko yanjye nkamenya niba ikidendezi ‘gifite uburumbuke’ cyangwa ‘gifite ububobere’.” Ibyo byahindutse ubwo sisitemu yaburiraga ikibazo cy’ubushyuhe bukabije mu mazi yo hasi iminota 40 mbere y’uko biba mu ijoro ry’umushyuhe, mu gihe uburambe bwe bwatangiye gusa ubwo ibishyimbo byo mu nyanja byatangiraga kuremba. Nyuma Lao Zhao yabaye “umuntu upima ubuziranenge” bw’iyi sisitemu, akoresheje uburambe bwe mu gutoza ubushobozi bwo gukora isuku. Yatekereje ati: “Iki kintu ni nko kumpa ‘izuru rya elegitoroniki’ na ‘kubona X-ray.’ Ubu nshobora ‘guhumura’ ibirimo kuba muri metero eshanu munsi y’amazi.”

Umwanzuro: Kuva ku ikoreshwa ry'umutungo kugeza ku kugenzura neza

Ubworozi gakondo bw'amafi ni inganda z'abantu bakina imikino yo mu mazi idafite ishingiro. Ubwiyongere bw'amazi y'ubwenge buri kuyahinduramo imikorere myiza y'amakuru ashingiye ku kuri kw'ukuri. Icyo acunga si molekile za H₂O gusa, ahubwo ni amakuru, ingufu, n'imikorere y'ubuzima ishongeshejwe imbere muri yo.

Iyo buri metero kibe y'amazi yo mu buhinzi ishoboye gupimwa, gupimwa no kugenzurwa, ibyo dusarura si umusaruro mwinshi gusa n'inyungu zihamye, ahubwo ni uburyo bw'ubwenge burambye bwo kubana neza n'ibidukikije byo mu mazi. Iyi ishobora kuba ari yo mpinduka ifatika, ariko kandi irangwa n'urukundo, abantu bagiye bahindura mu nzira yabo igana ku butegetsi bwa poroteyine ku isi y'ubururu.

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