Mu myaka yashize, guverinoma ya Kenya n'abafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga bongereye cyane ubushobozi bw'igihugu mu gukurikirana ikirere binyuze mu kwagura iyubakwa ry'ibigo by'iteganyagihe mu gihugu hose kugira ngo bifashe abahinzi guhangana neza n'ibibazo biterwa n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere. Iyi gahunda ntiyongerera gusa imbaraga mu buhinzi, ahubwo inatanga inkunga ikomeye ku iterambere rirambye rya Kenya.
Inkomoko: Imbogamizi z'imihindagurikire y'ikirere
Nk'igihugu cy'ubuhinzi gikomeye muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, ubukungu bwa Kenya bushingiye cyane ku buhinzi, cyane cyane umusaruro w'abahinzi bato. Ariko, kwiyongera k'ibihe bikomeye biterwa n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere, nk'amapfa, imyuzure n'imvura nyinshi, byagize ingaruka zikomeye ku musaruro w'ubuhinzi no ku mutekano w'ibiribwa. Mu myaka mike ishize, ibice bimwe na bimwe bya Kenya byahuye n'amapfa akomeye yagabanyije imyaka, yica amatungo ndetse anateza ikibazo cy'ibiribwa. Kugira ngo ibyo bibazo bikemuke, Guverinoma ya Kenya yafashe icyemezo cyo kongera uburyo bwo gukurikirana ikirere no kuburira abantu hakiri kare.
Gutangiza umushinga: Kwamamaza sitasiyo z'iteganyagihe
Mu 2021, Ishami ry’Iteganyagihe rya Kenya, rifatanyije n’imiryango mpuzamahanga myinshi, ryatangije gahunda yo kugeza amakuru ku nzego z’iteganyagihe mu gihugu hose. Uyu mushinga ugamije gutanga amakuru y’iteganyagihe mu buryo nyabwo binyuze mu gushyiraho inzego z’iteganyagihe zikoresha ikoranabuhanga (AWS) kugira ngo bifashe abahinzi n’inzego z’ibanze kumenya neza imihindagurikire y’ikirere no gushyiraho ingamba zo guhangana n’ikibazo.
Izi sitasiyo z’iteganyagihe zikoresha ikoranabuhanga zishobora gukurikirana amakuru y’ingenzi yerekeye ikirere nk’ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, imvura, umuvuduko w’umuyaga n’icyerekezo, kandi zigatanga amakuru ku bubiko bw’amakuru bushingiye ku muyoboro wa interineti ukoresha umugozi. Abahinzi bashobora kubona aya makuru binyuze kuri SMS cyangwa porogaramu yihariye, bikabaha igihe cyo gutera, kuhira no gusarura.
Inyigo y'ibyabaye: Imyitozo mu Karere ka Kitui
Akarere ka Kitui ni agace kakamye mu burasirazuba bwa Kenya kamaze igihe kinini gahura n’ibura ry’amazi n’ibura ry’umusaruro. Mu 2022, ako karere kashyizeho sitasiyo 10 zikoresha ikoranabuhanga mu gupima ihindagurika ry’ikirere zikorera mu turere dukomeye tw’ubuhinzi. Imikorere y’izi sitasiyo z’ihindagurika ry’ikirere yazamuye cyane ubushobozi bw’abahinzi bo muri ako gace bwo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Umuhinzi wo muri ako gace, Mary Mutua, yagize ati: “Mbere twagombaga kwishingikiriza ku bunararibonye kugira ngo dusuzume ikirere, akenshi bitewe n’amapfa atunguranye cyangwa imvura nyinshi n’ibihombo. Ubu, dukoresheje amakuru atangwa n’ibigo bishinzwe iteganyagihe, dushobora kwitegura mbere y’igihe no guhitamo ibihingwa bibereye n’igihe cyo gutera.”
Abashinzwe ubuhinzi mu Karere ka Kitui nabo bavuze ko gukwirakwira kw'ibigo by'iteganyagihe bitafashije abahinzi kongera umusaruro wabo gusa, ahubwo byanagabanyije igihombo mu bukungu giterwa n'ikirere kibi. Imibare igaragaza ko kuva aho ibiro by'iteganyagihe bitangiriye gukora, umusaruro w'ibihingwa muri ako karere wiyongereyeho impuzandengo ya 15 ku ijana, kandi amafaranga abahinzi binjiza na yo yiyongereye.
Ubufatanye mpuzamahanga n'inkunga ya tekiniki
Gutangiza sitasiyo z’ikirere muri Kenya byatewe inkunga n’imiryango mpuzamahanga myinshi, irimo Banki y’Isi, Gahunda y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Iterambere (UNDP) n’imiryango itari iya leta. Iyi miryango ntiyatanze inkunga y’amafaranga gusa, ahubwo yohereje n’impuguke gufasha Serivisi y’Iteganyagihe ya Kenya mu mahugurwa ya tekiniki no kubungabunga ibikoresho.
John Smith, inzobere mu bijyanye n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere muri Banki y'Isi, yagize ati: “Umushinga wa sitasiyo y'iteganyagihe muri Kenya ni urugero rwiza rw'uburyo imbogamizi z'imihindagurikire y'ikirere zishobora gukemurwa binyuze mu guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga no mu bufatanye mpuzamahanga. Twizeye ko ubu buryo bushobora gukoperwa no mu bindi bihugu bya Afurika.”
Icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza: Gukwirakwiza amakuru menshi
Sitasiyo zikoresha ikirere zirenga 200 zashyizweho mu gihugu hose, zigakorera mu turere tw’ingenzi tw’ubuhinzi n’utw’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Ikigo gishinzwe iteganyagihe cya Kenya kirateganya kongera umubare w’amasitasiyo y’ikirere ukagera kuri 500 mu myaka itanu iri imbere kugira ngo harusheho kwaguka uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amakuru no kunoza uburyo amakuru akoreshwa.
Byongeye kandi, guverinoma ya Kenya irateganya guhuza amakuru yerekeye ikirere na gahunda z'ubwishingizi bw'ubuhinzi kugira ngo ifashe abahinzi kugabanya igihombo mu gihe cy'imihindagurikire y'ikirere ikabije. Iyi ntambwe yitezweho kuzamura ubushobozi bw'abahinzi bwo kurwanya ingaruka no guteza imbere iterambere rirambye ry'ubuhinzi.
Umwanzuro
Inkuru y'intsinzi y'ikirere muri Kenya igaragaza ko binyuze mu guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga n'ubufatanye mpuzamahanga, ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere bishobora gukemura neza ikibazo cy'imihindagurikire y'ikirere. Gukwirakwira kw'ibigo by'ikirere ntibyanogeje gusa ubushobozi bw'ubuhinzi bwo guhangana n'ingaruka mbi, ahubwo byanatanze inkunga ikomeye ku mutekano w'ibiribwa muri Kenya n'iterambere ry'ubukungu. Bitewe no kwaguka k'uyu mushinga, Kenya yitezweho kuba icyitegererezo mu guhangana n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere no guteza imbere iterambere rirambye mu karere ka Afurika.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-03-2025