Kuzamura ibipimo ngenderwaho byamazi ukoresheje imashini ya vector hamwe nisesengura ryibyiyumvo

Mu myaka 25, Ishami ry’ibidukikije muri Maleziya (DOE) ryashyize mu bikorwa igipimo cy’ubuziranenge bw’amazi (WQI) gikoresha ibipimo bitandatu byingenzi by’ubuziranenge bw’amazi: ogisijeni yashonze (DO), Oxygene ikomoka ku binyabuzima (BOD), Oxygene ikenewe (COD), pH, azote ya ammoniya (AN) hamwe n’ibintu byahagaritswe (SS). Isesengura ry’amazi n’ingenzi mu micungire y’umutungo w’amazi kandi rigomba gucungwa neza kugirango hirindwe kwangiza ibidukikije kandi hubahirizwe amabwiriza y’ibidukikije. Ibi byongera gukenera gusobanura uburyo bwiza bwo gusesengura. Imwe mu mbogamizi nyamukuru za computing zubu ni uko bisaba urukurikirane rwigihe kinini, rugoye, hamwe namakosa akunda kubara subindex. Mubyongeyeho, WQI ntishobora kubarwa niba ibipimo bimwe cyangwa byinshi byubuziranenge bwamazi bibuze. Muri ubu bushakashatsi, uburyo bwiza bwa WQI bwatejwe imbere kubikorwa bigoye. Ubushobozi bwo kwerekana amakuru-yerekana urugero, aribwo Nu-Radial ishingiro ryimikorere ya mashini ya vector (SVM) ishingiye kuri 10x cross-validation, yakozwe kandi irashakishwa kugirango tunonosore ibyahanuwe na WQI mukibaya cya Langat. Isesengura ryuzuye rya sensitivite ryakozwe mu bihe bitandatu kugirango hamenyekane imikorere yicyitegererezo mu guhanura WQI. Mu rubanza rwa mbere, icyitegererezo SVM-WQI yerekanye ubushobozi buhebuje bwo kwigana DOE-WQI kandi ibona urwego rwo hejuru rwibisubizo byibarurishamibare (coefficient r> 0.95, Nash Sutcliffe ikora neza, NSE> 0.88, Indangagaciro ya Willmott, WI> 0.96). Mugihe cya kabiri, inzira yo kwerekana yerekana ko WQI ishobora kugereranywa idafite ibipimo bitandatu. Rero, ibipimo bya DO nicyo kintu cyingenzi muguhitamo WQI. pH ifite ingaruka nkeya kuri WQI. Mubyongeyeho, Scenarios 3 kugeza 6 yerekana imikorere yicyitegererezo ukurikije igihe nigiciro mugabanya umubare wibihinduka muburyo bwo kwinjiza icyitegererezo (r> 0,6, NSE> 0.5 (byiza), WI> 0.7 (byiza cyane)). Ufatiye hamwe, icyitegererezo kizatera imbere cyane kandi cyihutishe gufata ibyemezo bishingiye ku gufata ibyemezo mu micungire y’amazi meza, bigatuma amakuru arushaho kuboneka no kwishora mu bikorwa abantu batabigizemo uruhare.

1 Intangiriro

Ijambo "kwanduza amazi" bivuga kwanduza ubwoko butandukanye bwamazi, harimo amazi yo hejuru (inyanja, ibiyaga, ninzuzi) namazi yubutaka. Ikintu gikomeye mu mikurire yiki kibazo nuko umwanda udafatwa neza mbere yo kurekurwa mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa butaziguye mu mazi. Imihindagurikire y’amazi ntigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bidukikije byo mu nyanja gusa, ahubwo no ku kuboneka kw'amazi meza yo gutanga amazi rusange n'ubuhinzi. Mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, iterambere ryihuse mu bukungu rirasanzwe, kandi umushinga wose uteza imbere iri terambere ushobora kwangiza ibidukikije. Kubucunga igihe kirekire umutungo wamazi no kurengera abantu nibidukikije, gukurikirana no gusuzuma ubwiza bwamazi ni ngombwa. Igipimo cy’amazi meza, kizwi kandi ku izina rya WQI, gikomoka ku mibare y’amazi kandi gikoreshwa mu kumenya uko amazi y’inzuzi ameze muri iki gihe. Mugusuzuma urugero rwimpinduka mubwiza bwamazi, hagomba gutekerezwa impinduka nyinshi. WQI ni indangagaciro idafite urugero. Igizwe n'ibipimo by'amazi yihariye. WQI itanga uburyo bwo gutondekanya ubwiza bwamazi yamateka nubu. Agaciro gasobanutse ka WQI karashobora guhindura ibyemezo nibikorwa byabafata ibyemezo. Ku gipimo cya 1 kugeza ku 100, urwego rwo hejuru, urwego rwiza rwamazi. Muri rusange, ubwiza bw’amazi ya sitasiyo yinzuzi zifite amanota 80 na hejuru yujuje ubuziranenge bwinzuzi zisukuye. Agaciro WQI kari munsi ya 40 ifatwa nkaho yanduye, mugihe agaciro ka WQI kari hagati ya 40 na 80 kerekana ko ubwiza bwamazi bwanduye gato.

Muri rusange, kubara WQI bisaba gushiraho subindex ihinduka ndende, igoye, kandi ikunda kwibeshya. Hariho imikoranire igoye idafite umurongo hagati ya WQI nibindi bipimo byamazi meza. Kubara WQIs birashobora kugorana kandi bigatwara igihe kirekire kuko WQI zitandukanye zikoresha formulaire zitandukanye, zishobora gukurura amakosa. Imwe mu mbogamizi ikomeye nuko bidashoboka kubara formula ya WQI niba ibipimo bimwe cyangwa byinshi byubuziranenge bwamazi bibuze. Byongeye kandi, amahame amwe n'amwe asaba igihe kinini, uburyo bwo gukusanya icyitegererezo bugomba gukorwa ninzobere zahuguwe kugirango zemeze neza ibyitegererezo no kwerekana ibisubizo. N’ubwo iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga n’ibikoresho ryagenze neza, kugenzura amazi meza y’igihe gito n’ahantu hagaragaye imbogamizi n’ibiciro byinshi byo gukora no gucunga.

Iki kiganiro cyerekana ko nta buryo bwisi yose kuri WQI. Ibi bizamura icyifuzo cyo gutegura ubundi buryo bwo kubara WQI muburyo bwo kubara neza kandi neza. Iterambere nk'iryo rishobora kuba ingirakamaro ku bashinzwe umutungo w’ibidukikije gukurikirana no gusuzuma ubwiza bw’amazi yinzuzi. Ni muri urwo rwego, abashakashatsi bamwe bakoresheje AI mu guhanura WQI; Ai ishingiye kumashini yiga imashini irinda kubara-kubara no gutanga ibisubizo byihuse WQI. Ai ishingiye kumashini yiga algorithms igenda ikundwa cyane kubera imyubakire idafite umurongo, ubushobozi bwo guhanura ibintu bigoye, ubushobozi bwo gucunga amakuru manini arimo amakuru yubunini butandukanye, no kutumva amakuru atuzuye. Imbaraga zabo zo guhanura ziterwa nuburyo nuburyo busobanutse bwo gukusanya amakuru no kuyatunganya.