Kongera ubushobozi bwo gupima ubuziranenge bw'amazi hakoreshejwe imashini ifasha vector hamwe n'isesengura ry'uburyo amazi ahagaze

Mu myaka 25 ishize, Ishami rya Maleziya rishinzwe ibidukikije (DOE) ryashyize mu bikorwa Igipimo cy’Ubuziranenge bw’Amazi (WQI) gikoresha ibipimo bitandatu by’ingenzi by’ubuziranenge bw’amazi: ogisijeni ishongeshejwe (DO), Ogisijeni ya Biochemical (BOD), Ogisijeni ya Chemical (COD), pH, azote ya ammonia (AN) n’ibintu bidafite amazi (SS). Isesengura ry’ubuziranenge bw’amazi ni igice cy’ingenzi mu gucunga umutungo w’amazi kandi rigomba gucungwa neza kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kw’ibidukikije biva ku mwanda no kwemeza ko amategeko agenga ibidukikije yubahirizwa. Ibi byongera akamaro ko gushyiraho uburyo bwiza bwo gusesengura. Imwe mu mbogamizi zikomeye z’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ni uko risaba urukurikirane rw’ibarura ry’ibipimo bifata igihe kinini, bigoye, kandi rishobora gukururwa n’amakosa. Byongeye kandi, WQI ntishobora kubarwa niba hari ibipimo bimwe cyangwa byinshi by’ubuziranenge bw’amazi bibuze. Muri ubu bushakashatsi, uburyo bwo kunoza WQI bwakozwe ku bw’uburemere bw’uburyo bugezweho. Ubushobozi bwo gukoresha imashini ikoresha amakuru, ari yo Nu-Radial basis function support vector machine (SVM) ishingiye ku kwemeza inshuro 10, bwarateguwe kandi busuzumwa kugira ngo bunoze uburyo WQI ivugwa mu kibaya cya Langat. Isesengura ryimbitse ry’uburyo ibintu bihinduka ryakozwe mu byiciro bitandatu kugira ngo hamenyekane uburyo ibintu bihinduka mu gihe hateganyijwe WQI. Mu rubanza rwa mbere, moderi SVM-WQI yagaragaje ubushobozi buhebuje bwo kwigana DOE-WQI kandi yabonye ibisubizo byinshi cyane by’imibare (coefficient y’isano r > 0.95, Nash Sutcliffe efficiency, NSE > 0.88, Willmott's consistency index, WI > 0.96). Mu rubanza rwa kabiri, inzira yo gukora moderi igaragaza ko WQI ishobora kugereranywa nta bipimo bitandatu. Bityo, parametre ya DO ni yo y'ingenzi cyane mu kugena WQI. pH igira ingaruka nke kuri WQI. Byongeye kandi, Scenarios kuva kuri 3 kugeza kuri 6 zigaragaza uburyo ibintu bihinduka mu gihe n’igiciro binyuze mu kugabanya umubare w’ibintu bihinduka mu buryo bwo guhuza moderi (r > 0.6, NSE > 0.5 (byiza), WI > 0.7 (byiza cyane)). Iyo bishyizwe hamwe, moderi izanoza cyane kandi yihutishe gufata ibyemezo bishingiye ku makuru mu gucunga ubuziranenge bw’amazi, bigatuma amakuru arushaho kuboneka no gukurura abantu nta ruhare rw’umuntu.

1 Intangiriro

Ijambo "umwanda w'amazi" risobanura umwanda w'ubwoko butandukanye bw'amazi, harimo amazi yo hejuru (inyanja, ibiyaga, n'imigezi) n'amazi yo munsi y'ubutaka. Ikintu cy'ingenzi mu kwiyongera kw'iki kibazo ni uko imyanda idatunganywa neza mbere yo kurekurwa mu mazi mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa butaziguye. Impinduka mu bwiza bw'amazi zigira ingaruka zikomeye atari ku bidukikije byo mu mazi gusa, ahubwo no ku kuboneka kw'amazi meza yo kugaburira abaturage n'ubuhinzi. Mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, iterambere ryihuse ry'ubukungu rirakunze kubaho, kandi buri mushinga uteza imbere iri terambere ushobora kwangiza ibidukikije. Kugira ngo umutungo w'amazi ucungwe mu buryo burambye kandi urinde abantu n'ibidukikije, gukurikirana no gusuzuma ubuziranenge bw'amazi ni ngombwa. Igipimo cy'Ubuziranenge bw'Amazi, kizwi kandi nka WQI, gikomoka ku makuru y'ubuziranenge bw'amazi kandi gikoreshwa mu kumenya uko ubuziranenge bw'amazi yo mu migezi buhagaze. Mu gusuzuma urwego rw'impinduka mu bwiza bw'amazi, ibintu byinshi bigomba kwitabwaho. WQI ni igipimo kidafite ingano iyo ari yo yose. Kigizwe n'ibipimo byihariye by'ubuziranenge bw'amazi. WQI itanga uburyo bwo gushyira mu byiciro ubuziranenge bw'amazi yo mu bihe byashize n'ayo mu gihe cya none. Agaciro k'ubusobanuro ka WQI gashobora kugira ingaruka ku byemezo n'ibikorwa by'abafata ibyemezo. Ku gipimo cya 1 kugeza ku 100, uko igipimo cy’amazi kiba kinini, ni ko ubwiza bw’amazi buba bwiza. Muri rusange, ubwiza bw’amazi ya sitasiyo z’imigezi ifite amanota 80 no hejuru yayo bwujuje ibisabwa ku migezi isukuye. Agaciro ka WQI kari munsi ya 40 gafatwa nk’akanduye, mu gihe agaciro ka WQI kari hagati ya 40 na 80 kerekana ko ubwiza bw’amazi koko bwanduye gato.

Muri rusange, kubara WQI bisaba uruhererekane rw'impinduka za subendex ndende, zigoye, kandi zishobora gukurura amakosa. Hari imikoranire igoye idahuje umurongo hagati ya WQI n'ibindi bipimo by'ubuziranenge bw'amazi. Kubara WQI bishobora kugorana kandi bigatwara igihe kirekire kuko WQI zitandukanye zikoresha formula zitandukanye, bishobora gutera amakosa. Imbogamizi imwe ikomeye ni uko bidashoboka kubara formula ya WQI niba hari ibipimo by'ubuziranenge bw'amazi bimwe cyangwa byinshi bibuze. Byongeye kandi, hari ibipimo bisaba uburyo bwo gukusanya ingero butwara igihe kandi bwuzuye bugomba gukorwa n'inzobere zabihuguriwe kugira ngo hamenyekane neza isuzuma ry'ingero no kwerekana ibisubizo. Nubwo hari iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga n'ibikoresho, igenzura ryimbitse ry'ubuziranenge bw'amazi yo mu migezi mu gihe runaka n'ahantu runaka ryabangamiwe n'ibiciro biri hejuru by'imikorere n'imicungire.

Iki kiganiro kigaragaza ko nta buryo mpuzamahanga bwo kumenya WQI buhari. Ibi bitera gukenera gushyiraho ubundi buryo bwo kubara WQI mu buryo bwiza kandi bunoze. Iterambere nk'iryo rishobora kuba ingirakamaro ku bacunga umutungo kamere w'ibidukikije mu kugenzura no gusuzuma ubuziranenge bw'amazi y'imigezi. Muri urwo rwego, bamwe mu bashakashatsi bakoresheje ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (AI) mu guhanura WQI; imashini zikoresha uburyo bwo kwigira mu buryo bwa AI zirinda kubara igice cy'index kandi zigatanga ibisubizo bya WQI vuba. Algoritime zo kwigira mu buryo bwa AI zirimo gukundwa bitewe n'imiterere yazo idashingiye ku murongo, ubushobozi bwo guhanura ibintu bigoye, ubushobozi bwo gucunga amakuru manini harimo n'amakuru y'ingano zitandukanye, no kutita ku makuru atuzuye. Imbaraga zazo zo guhanura zishingiye gusa ku buryo n'ubunyangamugayo bwo gukusanya no gutunganya amakuru.