Porofeseri Boyd avuga ku mpinduka zikomeye, zitera guhangayika zishobora kwica cyangwa gutera ubushake buke, gukura gahoro no kwandura indwara
Birazwi cyane mu bahinzi borozi bo mu mazi ko kuba ibinyabuzima by’ibiribwa bisanzwe bigabanya umusaruro w’urusenda n’amoko menshi y’amafi mu byuzi kugeza kuri kg 500 kuri hegitari kuri buri gihingwa (kg / ha / igihingwa). Mu muco wibanda cyane hamwe nibiryo byakozwe hamwe no guhanahana amazi buri munsi ariko nta guhinduranya, ubusanzwe umusaruro ushobora kugera kuri 1.500-2000 kg / ha / igihingwa, ariko ku musaruro mwinshi, ingano y'ibiryo ikenewe itera ibyago byinshi byo kwibanda kuri DO. Noneho rero, umwuka wa ogisijeni ushonga (DO) ni ihinduka rikomeye mu kongera umusaruro w’amazi yo mu byuzi.
Imashini irashobora gukoreshwa kugirango yongere ibiryo byinjira kandi byemere umusaruro mwinshi. Buri mbaraga zifarashi kuri hegitari ya aeration izemerera hafi 10-12 kg / ha y'ibiryo buri munsi kubinyabuzima byinshi. Umusaruro wa 10,000–12,000 kg / ha / ibihingwa ntibisanzwe hamwe nigipimo kinini cyo kugabanuka. Ndetse umusaruro mwinshi urashobora kugerwaho mubidendezi byometse kuri plastike hamwe na tank hamwe nigipimo kinini cyo kugabanuka.
Ni gake umuntu yumva guhumeka cyangwa guhangayikishwa na ogisijeni mu kubyara inkoko, ingurube n'inka zororerwa cyane, ariko ibi bintu bikunze kugaragara cyane mu bworozi bw'amafi. Impamvu zashushe ogisijeni ni ingenzi cyane mu bworozi bw'amafi zizasobanurwa.
Umwuka uri hafi yisi urimo ogisijeni 20,95 ku ijana, azote 78,08 ku ijana, hamwe na bike ku ijana bya dioxyde de carbone nizindi myuka. Ingano ya ogisijeni ya molekile ikenewe kugirango yuzuze amazi meza kumuvuduko wikirere usanzwe (mililitiro 760 za mercure) na dogere 30-C ni 7.54 mg kuri litiro (mg / L). Birumvikana ko ku manywa iyo fotosintezeza ikomeje, amazi yo mu cyuzi ubusanzwe yuzuzwa na DO (kwibumbira hamwe bishobora kuba 10 mg / L cyangwa birenga mu mazi yo hejuru), kubera ko umusaruro wa ogisijeni ukoresheje fotosintezeza urenze gutakaza ogisijeni uhumeka no gukwirakwira mu kirere. Mwijoro nijoro iyo fotosintezisi ihagaze, umwuka wa ogisijeni ushonga uzagabanuka - rimwe na rimwe munsi ya mg / L munsi ya 3 ifatwa nkibisanzwe byibuze byemewe kubinyabuzima byinshi byo mu mazi bihingwa.
Inyamaswa zo ku butaka zihumeka mu kirere kugira ngo zibone umwuka wa ogisijeni, winjizwa na alveoli mu bihaha byabo. Ifi na shrimp bigomba kuvoma amazi hejuru ya gilles kugirango zinjize ogisijeni ya molekile binyuze muri gill lamellae. Imbaraga zo guhumeka cyangwa kuvoma amazi binyuze muri gilles bisaba imbaraga ukurikije uburemere bwumwuka cyangwa amazi arimo.
Uburemere bwumwuka namazi bigomba guhumeka cyangwa kuvomwa kugirango bigaragaze hejuru yubuhumekero kuri mg 1.0 ya ogisijeni ya molekile bizabarwa. Kubera ko umwuka ari 20,95 ku ijana ogisijeni, hafi 4,8 mg yumuyaga izaba irimo ogisijeni 1.0 mg.
Mu cyuzi cya shrimp gifite amazi arimo umunyu wa ppt 30 kuri dogere 30-C (ubwinshi bwamazi = 1.0180 g / L) umwuka wa ogisijeni ushonga wuzuye hamwe nikirere ni 6.39 mg / L. Ingano ya 0.156 L y'amazi yaba irimo 1.0 mg ya ogisijeni, kandi ipima garama 159 (mg 159.000). Ibi bikubye inshuro 33,125 kurenza uburemere bwumwuka urimo ogisijeni 1.0 mg.
Inguvu nyinshi zikoreshwa ninyamaswa zo mu mazi
Igishishwa cyangwa amafi bigomba gukoresha imbaraga nyinshi kugirango ubone ogisijeni ingana n’inyamaswa zo ku butaka. Ikibazo kiba kinini cyane iyo umwuka wa ogisijeni ushonga mumazi ugabanutse kuko amazi menshi agomba kuvomerwa hejuru ya gilles kugirango abereke ogisijeni 1.0 mg.
Iyo inyamaswa zo ku butaka zikuyemo umwuka wa ogisijeni mu kirere, umwuka wa ogisijeni usubizwa mu buryo bworoshye, kubera ko umwuka uzenguruka mu bwisanzure kubera ko uba mwinshi cyane kuruta amazi, urugero, ubwinshi bw’umwuka kuri dogere 25-C ni 1,18 g / L ugereranije na 995.65 g / L ku mazi meza ku bushyuhe bumwe. Muri gahunda y’amafi, ogisijeni yashonze yakuweho n’amafi cyangwa urusenda bigomba gusimburwa no gukwirakwiza umwuka wa ogisijeni wo mu kirere mu mazi, kandi kuzenguruka kw’amazi birakenewe kugira ngo umwuka wa ogisijeni ushonga uva hejuru y’amazi ukajya mu nkingi y’amazi y’amafi cyangwa munsi ya shrimp. Amazi aremereye kuruta umwuka kandi azenguruka gahoro gahoro kuruta umwuka, kabone niyo kuzenguruka bifashwa nuburyo bwa mashini nka moteri.
Amazi afite ogisijeni nkeya ugereranije n'umwuka - ku kwiyuzuza na dogere 30-C, amazi meza ni 0.000754 ku ijana (umwuka ni 20,95% ogisijeni). Nubwo ogisijeni ya molekile ishobora kwinjira byihuse hejuru yubuso bwamazi, kugenda kwa ogisijeni yashonze ikoresheje misa yose biterwa nigipimo cyuko amazi ya ogisijeni yuzuye hejuru yubutaka avangwa mumazi ya convection. Ifi nini cyangwa urusenda biomass mu cyuzi irashobora kugabanya ogisijeni yashonze vuba.
Gutanga ogisijeni biragoye
Ingorane zo gutanga amafi cyangwa urusenda hamwe na ogisijeni birashobora kugaragazwa nkibi bikurikira. Ibipimo bya leta byemerera abantu bagera kuri 4.7 kuri metero kare mu birori byo hanze. Tuvuge ko buri muntu apima impuzandengo ya kg 62 kwisi yose, noneho hazaba kg 2,914.000 kg / ha ya biomass yabantu. Ubusanzwe amafi na shrimp bifite ogisijene ikenera guhumeka hafi 300 mg ogisijeni / kg ibiro byumubiri kumasaha. Ubu buremere bwa biomass y’amafi bushobora kugabanya ogisijeni yashonze mu cyuzi cy’amazi meza ya metero kibe 10,000 cyabanje kuzura ogisijeni kuri dogere 30-C mu minota igera kuri 5, kandi inyamaswa z'umuco zari guhumeka. Abantu ibihumbi mirongo ine na birindwi kuri hegitari mugikorwa cyo hanze ntabwo bari guhura nikibazo cyo guhumeka nyuma yamasaha menshi.
Umwuka wa ogisijeni ushonga ni impinduka zikomeye kuko zishobora kwica inyamaswa zo mu mazi mu buryo butaziguye, ariko uko ibihe byagiye bisimburana, umwuka wa ogisijeni muke ushonga ushimangira inyamaswa zo mu mazi zitera ubushake buke, gukura buhoro no kwandura indwara.
Kuringaniza ubwinshi bwinyamaswa no kugaburira inyongeramusaruro
Umwuka wa ogisijeni ushonga nawo ujyana no kuba metabolite ishobora kuba uburozi mu mazi. Muri ubwo burozi harimo karuboni ya dioxyde, ammonia, nitrite na sulfide. Nkibisanzwe, mubidendezi aho ibiranga amazi meza biranga isoko y’amazi bikwiranye n’amafi n’umuco wa shrimp, ibibazo by’amazi bizaba bidasanzwe mugihe cyose hazaba hashyizweho ingufu za ogisijeni ihagije. Ibi bisaba kuringaniza ibigega no kugaburira hamwe na ogisijeni yashonze iboneka binyuze mumasoko karemano cyangwa nkuko byongeweho hamwe na sisitemu mumuco.
Mu muco w’amazi meza mu byuzi, umwuka wa ogisijeni ushonga ni ngombwa cyane nijoro. Ariko mubwoko bushya, bwimbitse cyane bwumuco, icyifuzo cya ogisijeni yashonze ni kinini kandi umwuka wa ogisijeni ushonga ugomba gukomeza kubungabungwa nubushakashatsi.
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Amazi atandukanye yubuziranenge bwamazi kugirango akoreshwe, urakaza neza
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-30-2024