Kongere yongereye imbaraga mu bikorwa by’amazi

Mu gihe habayeho kwiyongera kw'ibiza nk'imyuzure n'amapfa mu bice bimwe na bimwe by'isi ndetse n'umuvuduko w'amazi ukomeje kwiyongera, Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wita ku Iteganyagihe uzakomeza gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda yawo y'ibikorwa bijyanye n'amazi.

Amaboko afashe amazi

Mu gihe habayeho kwiyongera kw'ibiza nk'imyuzure n'amapfa mu bice bimwe na bimwe by'isi ndetse n'umuvuduko w'amazi ukomeje kwiyongera, Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wita ku Iteganyagihe uzakomeza gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda yawo y'ibikorwa bijyanye n'amazi.

Mu nama y’Isi y’Iteganyagihe, habaye inama y’iminsi ibiri y’amazi mu rwego rwo kugaragaza uruhare rw’ingenzi rw’amazi mu buryo bw’Isi mu bijyanye n’Isi no mu mugambi wa “Early Warnings For All”.

Kongere yashimangiye icyerekezo cyayo cy’igihe kirekire ku bijyanye n’amazi. Yemeje ingamba zo guhanura imyuzure zihamye. Yanashyigikiye intego nyamukuru ya Gahunda Ihuriweho yo Kurwanya Amapfa yo guteza imbere ubufatanye mpuzamahanga mu bikorwa byo gushimangira ikurikirana ry’amapfa, kumenya ingaruka zishobora kubaho, kumenya amapfa no gutanga serivisi zo kuburira hakiri kare. Yashyigikiye kwagura HelpDesk isanzweho yo Kurwanya Amapfa na HelpDesk yo Kurwanya Amapfa (IDM) kugira ngo ishyigikire imicungire y’umutungo kamere w’amazi muri rusange.

Hagati ya 1970 na 2021, ibiza biterwa n’imyuzure ni byo byiganje cyane mu bijyanye n’inshuro. Inkubi z’umuyaga zo mu turere dushyuha cyane - zirimo umuyaga mwinshi, imvura n’ibyago by’imyuzure - ni byo bya mbere byateje igihombo ku bantu no ku bukungu.

Amapfa mu ihembe rya Afurika, mu bice byinshi bya Amerika y'Epfo n'igice cy'Uburayi, hamwe n'imyuzure ikomeye muri Pakisitani byateje akaga ubuzima bw'abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni umwaka ushize. Amapfa yahindutse umwuzure mu bice bimwe by'Uburayi (mu majyaruguru y'Ubutaliyani na Esipanye) na Somaliya ubwo Kongere yabaga - yongera kwerekana ubukana bw'ibintu bikabije mu mazi mu gihe cy'imihindagurikire y'ikirere.

Ubu, abantu miliyari 3.6 bahura n’ikibazo cyo kubona amazi adahagije nibura buri kwezi ku mwaka, kandi ibi biteganijwe ko bizagera kuri miliyari zirenga 5 mu 2050, nk'uko bivugwa na Leta y’Umutungo Mpuzamahanga w’Amazi (WMO). Gushonga kw’ibirunga bitera ikibazo cy’ibura ry’amazi ku bantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni - bityo Kongere yazamuye impinduka mu kirere ikagera kuri kimwe mu by’ingenzi bya WMO.

Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa WMO, Porofeseri Petteri Taalas, yagize ati: “Guteganya neza no gucunga neza ibiza biterwa n’amazi ni ingenzi kugira ngo gahunda yo gutanga inama mbere y’igihe kuri bose igerweho. Turashaka kwemeza ko nta muntu uzatungurwa n’umwuzure, kandi buri wese yiteguye amapfa.” “WMO igomba kongera imbaraga no guhuza serivisi z’amazi kugira ngo ishyigikire guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.”

Imbogamizi ikomeye mu gutanga ibisubizo by’amazi byiza kandi birambye ni ukubura amakuru ajyanye n’amazi aboneka ubu, aho azaboneka mu gihe kizaza ndetse n’uko ibiribwa n’ingufu bikenerwa. Abafata ibyemezo bahura n’ikibazo nk’icyo iyo bigeze ku birebana n’imyuzure n’amapfa.

Muri iki gihe, 60% by'ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’Abibumbye bitangaza ko ubushobozi bwo kugenzura amazi bugabanuka bityo bigatera inkunga mu gufata ibyemezo mu bijyanye n'amazi, ingufu, ibiribwa n'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima. Ibihugu birenga 50% ku isi nta buryo bwo gucunga ubuziranenge bifite ku makuru ajyanye n'amazi.

Kugira ngo ikemure ibibazo, WMO irimo guteza imbere igenzura n’imicungire myiza y’umutungo w’amazi binyuze muri Sisitemu y’Ubutaka n’Igenamigambi ry’Amazi (HydroSOS) na Global Hydrometry Support Facility (HydroHub), ubu birimo gushyirwa mu bikorwa.

Gahunda y'ibikorwa bya Hydrology
WMO ifite gahunda yagutse y’ibikorwa bya Hydrology, ifite intego umunani z’igihe kirekire.

Nta muntu n'umwe utangazwa n'umwuzure
Buri wese yiteguye amapfa
Amakuru yerekeye ikirere n'iteganyagihe ashyigikira gahunda yo kwihaza mu biribwa
Amakuru meza ashyigikira siyansi
Ubumenyi butanga ishingiro ryumvikana ry'ubumenyi bw'amazi mu mikorere
Dufite ubumenyi burambuye ku miterere y'amazi yo ku isi yacu
Iterambere rirambye rishyigikiwe n'amakuru ajyanye n'amazi
Ubwiza bw'amazi burazwi.
Sisitemu yo kuyobora imyuzure y'imvura
Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’Ubutaka yanamenyeshejwe iby’inama y’ishyirwaho ry’ubushobozi bw’abagore yateguwe na WMO mu rwego rw’umushinga wo kuyobora gahunda y’ibiza ku mazi ku ya 25 na 26 Gicurasi 2023.

Itsinda ry'impuguke zatoranyijwe muri iyo nama ryasangije ibyavuye mu mahugurwa n'abaturage benshi bashinzwe ibidukikije, harimo n'ibikoresho byo gushyiraho urusobe rw'impuguke z'inzobere kandi zikora neza, kongera ubushobozi bwazo, no gutera imbere kugeza ku bushobozi bwazo bwo hejuru, atari ku nyungu zazo gusa ahubwo no gukorera abaturage ku isi yose.

Kongere yemeje ingamba zo guhangana n’ibibazo by’amapfa, aho guhangana n’ingaruka z’amapfa binyuze mu guhangana n’ibibazo by’amapfa. Yashishikarije Abadepite guteza imbere no kunoza ubufatanye no guhuza ibikorwa hagati ya serivisi z’igihugu zishinzwe ikirere n’amazi n’izindi nzego zemewe na WMO mu kunoza uburyo bwo guhanura no gukurikirana amapfa.

Dushobora gutanga uburyo butandukanye bwo kumenya umuvuduko w'amazi ku rwego rwa radar.