Ibiranga uburyo bwo gupima umwuka wa ogisijeni ushongeshejwe n'amaso kugira ngo amazi abe meza

Utumashini dukoresha okisijeni ishonga (ODO), tuzwi kandi nka utwuma dukoresha fluorescence, ni ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ritandukanye n'uburyo gakondo bwo gukoresha electrode ya membrane (Clark cells). Ikintu cy'ingenzi bakora ni ugukoresha fluorescence quenching kugira ngo bapime ingano ya ogisijeni ishonga mu mazi.

Ihame ry'imikorere:
Agasongero k'icyuma gipima ubushyuhe gatwikiriwe n'urumuri rwashyizwemo irangi ry'ubururu. Iyo iri bara rishyushye bitewe n'urumuri rw'ubururu, ritanga urumuri rutukura. Iyo hari molekile za ogisijeni mu mazi, zihura n'uturemangingo twa ogisijeni, bigatuma ubukana bwa fluorescence bugabanuka kandi ubuzima bwa fluorescence bugahita. Mu gupima iri hinduka ry'ubuzima bwa fluorescence cyangwa ubukana bwa fluorescence, igipimo cya ogisijeni cyashongeshejwe gishobora kubarwa neza.

Ibiranga by'ingenzi:

1. Nta ogisijeni ikoreshwa, nta Electrolyte ikoreshwa:
   • Iri ni ryo tandukaniro ry'ibanze ugereranyije n'uburyo bwa electrode ya membrane. Ibyuma bipima urumuri ntibikoresha ogisijeni iva mu gipimo, bigatanga ibisubizo nyabyo, cyane cyane mu mazi adatemba cyangwa adahindagurika.
   • Nta mpamvu yo gusimbuza electrolytes cyangwa membranes, bigabanya cyane uburyo bwo kubungabunga.
2. Gusana bike, Guhagarara neza cyane:
   • Nta kibazo cyo kuziba kw'urukiramende, uburozi bw'amashanyarazi, cyangwa kwanduzwa n'amashanyarazi.
   • Igihe kirekire cyo gupima, akenshi bisaba gupima buri mezi make cyangwa ndetse n'igihe kirekire kurushaho.
3. Igisubizo cyihuse n'Uburyo bwo hejuru:
   • Igisubizo cyihuse cyane ku mpinduka za ogisijeni yashongeshejwe, bigatuma habaho gufata mu buryo butunguranye impinduka zihinduka mu bwiza bw'amazi.
   • Ibipimo ntibigira ingaruka ku muvuduko w'amazi cyangwa ibintu bibangamira ikirere nka sulfide, bitanga ubunyangamugayo n'ubudahangarwa ugereranyije n'uburyo gakondo.
4. Gutembera mu gihe kirekire:
   • Imiterere y'irangi rya fluorescent irahamye cyane, bigatuma ibimenyetso bihindagurika bike kandi bigatuma ibipimo bihora byizewe igihe kirekire.
5. Uburyo bworoshye bwo gukoresha:
   • Ubusanzwe plug-and-play, nta gihe kirekire cyo gutandukanya ikoranabuhanga nyuma yo gutangira; yiteguye guhita apimwa.

Ibibi:

• Igiciro cy'ibanze kiri hejuru: Ubusanzwe bihenze cyane kurusha sensors za membrane electrode zisanzwe.
• Uduce tw’urumuri dutanga urumuri tugira igihe ntarengwa cyo kubaho: Nubwo tumara igihe kirekire (ubusanzwe imyaka 1-3), utwo duce tuzangirika cyangwa tugahinduka umwanda bityo bigasaba gusimburwa.
• Amavuta n'ibimera bishobora kwanduzanya: Gusiga amavuta menshi cyangwa gusiga ibimera ku buso bw'icyuma bishobora kubangamira gukurura no kwakira urumuri, bigasaba ko bisukurwa.

2. Ingero z'ishyirwa mu bikorwa

Bitewe n'imiterere yabyo myiza, sensors za okisijeni zishongeshejwe zikoreshwa cyane mu nzego zitandukanye zisaba igenzura rya DO rihoraho kandi ryimbitse:

1. Inganda zitunganya amazi yanduye:
   • Uburyo bw'ingenzi. Bukoreshwa mu kugenzura DO mu bigega by'umwuka no mu duce tw'umwuka (aerobic/anaerobic zones) kugira ngo umwuka urusheho kuzamuka neza, bityo habeho kugenzura neza uburyo bwo kuzigama ingufu no kunoza imikorere y'ubuvuzi.
2. Gukurikirana imiterere y'amazi karemano (Imigezi, Ibiyaga, Ibigega):
   • Ikoreshwa mu biro byo kugenzura ibidukikije kugira ngo isuzume ubushobozi bw'amazi bwo kwisukura, uko abarwayi barembye, n'uko adashobora kugabanuka mu mubiri, itanga amakuru ajyanye no kurinda ibidukikije.
3. Ubworozi bw'amafi:
   • DO ni ingenzi mu bworozi bw'amafi. Utwuma dupima amafi dutuma habaho kugenzura amasaha 24/24 mu byuzi no mu bigega. Bishobora gutera intabaza no gukora imashini zitera umwuka mu buryo bwikora iyo urugero rw'amazi rwagabanutse cyane, bikarinda ubwicanyi bw'amafi no kurinda umusaruro.
4. Ubushakashatsi bwa Siyansi:
   • Bikoreshwa mu bushakashatsi ku miterere y’inyanja, mu bushakashatsi ku miterere y’ibinyabuzima, no mu bushakashatsi ku bijyanye n’uburozi bw’ibidukikije aho amakuru y’ubuziranenge bw’ibimera n’ibinyabuzima adasaba ko habaho kubangamira ibidukikije ari ngombwa.
5. Amazi yo mu nganda:
   • Mu buryo nk'ubw'ingufu n'amazi akonjesha y'ibinyabutabire, kugenzura DO kugira ngo hagenzurwe ingese n'ibikomoka ku bimera.

3. Inyigo y'Urubanza mu Gusaba Ubusabe muri Filipine

Nk’igihugu gikunda ibirwa bya Filipine, ubukungu bwacyo bushingiye cyane ku bworozi bw’amafi n’ubukerarugendo, mu gihe kinahanganye n’ibibazo byo kwandura kw’amazi biturutse ku iterambere ry’imijyi. Kubwibyo, kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’amazi, cyane cyane umwuka wa ogisijeni ushongeshejwe, ni ingenzi cyane.

Inyigo y'Urugero: Uburyo bwo Gukurikirana no Gutanga Ingufu mu Mazi ya Laguna de Bay

Inyuma:
Laguna de Bay ni cyo kiyaga kinini muri Filipine, aho uturere tuyikikije ari ingenzi mu bworozi bw'amafi, cyane cyane Tilapia na Milkfish (Bangus). Ariko, iki kiyaga gihura n'ibibazo byo kwangirika kw'amazi. Mu mezi y'izuba ryinshi, gutandukana kw'amazi mu bice by'amazi bishobora gutera kubura umwuka mu bice byimbitse by'amazi, akenshi bigatera kwica amafi menshi ("kwica amafi"), bigatera igihombo gikomeye mu bukungu bw'abahinzi.

Igisubizo cyo Gukoresha:
Ikigo gishinzwe uburobyi n'umutungo kamere wo mu mazi (BFAR), ku bufatanye n'inzego z'ibanze, cyateje imbere ikoreshwa ry'uburyo bw'ubwenge bwo kugenzura no kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'amazi bushingiye ku byuma bipima umwuka wa ogisijeni mu mirima minini y'ubucuruzi n'uturere tw'ingenzi tw'ikiyaga.

Ibice bya sisitemu n'imikorere yayo:

1. Inzu zo Gukurikirana: Ibyuma by'amazi bifite ubushobozi bwinshi bwo kugenzura amazi bifite sensors za DO zashyizwe ahantu hatandukanye mu byuzi by'amafi (cyane cyane mu bice byimbitse) n'ahantu h'ingenzi mu kiyaga. Ibi byuma by'amazi byatoranijwe kubera:
   • Gusana no Kudakoresha: Gukora kwabo igihe kirekire nta gusana ni byiza cyane mu turere dufite abakozi bake ba tekiniki.
   • Kurwanya kubangamira: Ntibikunze kunanirwa no kwangirika mu mazi y’ibimera kandi afite umwanda.
   • Amakuru y'igihe nyacyo: Ishobora gutanga amakuru buri munota, bigatuma umuntu abona vuba DO igwa mu buryo butunguranye.
2. Kohereza amakuru: Amakuru akoreshwa mu byuma byohereza amakuru mu buryo bwihuse binyuze mu miyoboro idafite umugozi (urugero, GPRS/4G cyangwa LoRa) kuri platforme y'ibicu na porogaramu za telefoni z'abahinzi.
3. Igenzura ry'ubwenge n'uburinzi hakiri kare:
   • Uruhande rwa Platform: Platform y'ibicu ifite uburebure bwa DO alarm thresholds (urugero, munsi ya 3 mg/L).
   • Uruhande rw'umukoresha: Abahinzi bahabwa ubutumwa bw'amajwi/amashusho, ubutumwa bugufi, cyangwa ubutumwa bwa porogaramu.
   • Igenzura ryikora: Sisitemu ishobora gukora ku buryo bwikora ibikoresho bitanga umwuka kugeza igihe urwego rwa DO rusubijwe ku rugero rwiza.

Ibisubizo:

• Kugabanuka kw'impfu z'amafi: Gutanga umuburo hakiri kare no guhumeka mu buryo bwikora byakubujije ubwicanyi bwinshi bw'amafi bwatewe n'urugero ruto cyane rw'amafi mu ijoro cyangwa mu gitondo cya kare.
• Kongera ubushobozi bwo guhinga: Aborozi bashobora gucunga neza ibyo kurya no guhumeka hifashishijwe siyansi, bakagabanya ikiguzi cy'amashanyarazi (birinda gukoresha ibikoresho bihunika umwuka amasaha 24/7) no kunoza ingano y'ibiryo n'umuvuduko w'ikura ry'amafi.
• Amakuru yerekeye imicungire y'ibidukikije: Ibigo bigenzura ibidukikije mu kiyaga biha BPAR amakuru y'igihe kirekire yerekeye ibidukikije, bigafasha gusesengura imiterere y'ihindagurika ry'amazi no gushyiraho politiki zishingiye ku bushakashatsi mu gucunga ibiyaga.

Incamake:
Mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere nka Filipine, aho ubworozi bw'amafi buhura n'ibibazo bikomeye kandi ibikorwa remezo bikaba bishobora kugorana, ibikoresho by'umwuka bikozwe mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga byagaragaye ko ari igikoresho cyiza cy'ikoranabuhanga mu bworozi bw'amafi bunoze no gucunga neza ibidukikije bitewe n'uko biramba, bidakorerwa isuku nke, kandi byizewe cyane. Ntabwo bifasha abahinzi kugabanya ibyago gusa no kongera amafaranga ahubwo binatanga inkunga ikomeye mu kurinda urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima by'agaciro byo mu mazi muri Filipine.

Dushobora kandi gutanga ibisubizo bitandukanye kuri

1. Igipimo gifata mu ntoki cy'ubwiza bw'amazi gifite ibipimo byinshi

2. Sisitemu yo gukamura amazi mu mazi ikoresha imiterere myinshi

3. Uburoso bwo gusukura bwikora ku buryo bwikora ku buryo bworoshye bw'amazi bukoresha parameter nyinshi

4. Seti yuzuye ya seriveri na porogaramu ya module idafite umugozi, ishyigikira RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN

Kugira ngo ubone SENSOR nyinshi amakuru,

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