Ibiranga Ibipimo by'Ingano ya Radar y'Amazi

Igipimo cy’urwego rwa radar y’amazi, kizwi kandi nka "non-contact radar water level meter", ni igikoresho kigezweho gikoresha imiraba ya electromagnetic ifite frequency yo hejuru (micro-waves) kugira ngo gipime intera iri hagati y’amazi. Cyohereza umuraba wa radar binyuze kuri antene hanyuma kikakira ijwi rigaragara riturutse ku buso bw’amazi. Urugero rw’amazi rubarwa hashingiwe ku gihe imiraba ifata kugira ngo igere kuri iyo ntera.

Ibiranga by'ingenzi byayo ni ibi bikurikira:

1. Gupima ku buryo butajyanye n'aho umuntu aherereye

• Akamaro: Akamashini gapima amazi ntigakora ku mazi yapimwe, ahanini karinda ibibazo bifitanye isano n'uburyo bwo gukoraho—nk'uburyo bwo gukurura amazi mu mazi, gukurura ibyatsi bibi, kwangirika no gukonja—bikunze kwibasira ibipimo gakondo (urugero: ubwoko bwo kureremba, bushingiye ku gitutu).
• Ibisubizo: Ntiyakira neza cyane kandi imara igihe kirekire, bigatuma iba nziza cyane mu bidukikije bifite amazi mabi.

2. Ubuziranenge bwo gupima, ntibugira ingaruka ku bidukikije

• Akamaro: Ikwirakwira ry'imiraba ya radar ntabwo rigira ingaruka ku bushyuhe, ubushuhe, umuvuduko w'ikirere, umuyaga, imvura, cyangwa umukungugu.
• Kugereranya na Ultrasonic Gauges: Ubuhanga bwo gupima urwego rwa Ultrasonic buterwa n'impinduka z'ubushyuhe bw'ikirere (busaba indishyi) n'umuyaga mwinshi, mu gihe imiraba ya radar ikora neza muri ibi bihe, igatanga ubusugire buhanitse.

3. Ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kurwanya kwivanga

• Akamaro: Ibipimo by'urwego rwa radar bikunze gukora muri K-band cyangwa mu buryo bwo hejuru, bifite inguni nto y'imirasire n'ingufu zivanze. Ibi bituma binjira neza mu ifuro, umwuka, n'ibisigazwa bike bireremba, kandi ntibigira ingaruka ku mpinduka mu ibara ry'amazi cyangwa ubucucike.
• Ibisubizo: Ibipimo bihamye kandi byizewe bishobora kuboneka ndetse no ku buso bw'amazi bufite imiraba mito, ifuro, cyangwa umwuka.

4. Gushyiraho byoroshye, nta mpamvu yo guhindura imiterere y'inyubako

• Akamaro: Bisaba gusa ahantu hakwiye ho gushyirwa hejuru y’aho igipimo gipimirwa (urugero: ku kiraro, igiti cyo kwambukiranya mu iriba ryo guhagarara, cyangwa inkingi). Nta mpamvu yo kubaka iriba ryo guhagarara cyangwa gukora impinduka zikomeye ku nyubako zisanzweho.
• Ibisubizo: Bigabanya cyane ikiguzi cy'ubwubatsi bw'ubwubatsi n'ubukana bwo gushyiraho, cyane cyane ingirakamaro mu kuvugurura sitasiyo zisanzwe.

5. Ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikorwa

• Akamaro: Ishobora gukoreshwa ku mazi hafi ya yose, harimo imigezi, imiyoboro y'amazi, ibigega by'amazi, ibiyaga, amariba yo munsi y'ubutaka, n'amatangi atandukanye mu nganda zitunganya amazi yanduye (amariba yinjiramo, amatangi y'umwuka, n'ibindi).

Ibibi n'ibyo ugomba kwitaho:

• Igiciro cy'ibanze kiri hejuru: Igiciro cyo kugura ubusanzwe kiri hejuru ugereranije n'ibikoresho bisanzwe bipima igitutu kiri munsi y'amazi cyangwa ibipimo by'amazi byo mu bwoko bwa float.
• Interference y'amajwi y'ikinyoma: Mu mariba magufi atuza cyangwa ahantu hagoye hafite imiyoboro myinshi cyangwa uduce duto, imiraba ya radar ishobora kugaragara ku nkuta z'imbere cyangwa izindi mbogamizi, bigatuma habaho amajwi y'ibinyoma asaba gushungura porogaramu. Ibipimo bya radar bigezweho akenshi bifite uburyo bwo gutunganya amajwi y'ikinyoma kugira ngo bigerweho.
• Ingaruka zikomeye z'umuraba: Mu mazi yo hanze afite imiraba minini cyane (urugero, inkombe, ibigega binini), ihindagurika rikomeye ry'ubuso rishobora kugorana mu gupima, bigasaba guhitamo icyitegererezo gikwiye no gushyiraho ahantu heza ho gushyiramo.

2. Imanza zo Gusaba

Bitewe n’uko bitagera ku isoko kandi bikaba byizewe cyane, ibipimo bya radar bikoreshwa cyane mu kugenzura amazi, mu mishinga yo kubungabunga amazi, no mu gucunga amazi mu mijyi.

Urubanza rwa 1: Sitasiyo zo kugenzura amazi mu migezi yo mu misozi

• Ikibazo: Amazi mu migezi yo mu misozi azamuka akanagabanuka vuba, aho imigezi yihuta cyane itwara ibisigazwa byinshi n'ibisigazwa birebire (amashami, ibyatsi). Ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gupima aho amazi anyura birangirika byoroshye, bikaziba, cyangwa bigafatana, bigatuma amakuru atakara.
• Umuti: Shyiraho icyuma gipima radar ku kiraro, aho icyuma gipima amashanyarazi cyerekeza ku buso bw'umugezi.
• Ibisubizo:
  • Nta kubungabunga: Yirinda burundu ingaruka z'ibisigazwa n'imyanda, ifata neza hydrograph yose mu bihe by'imyuzure.
  • Umutekano: Abakozi bashinzwe gushyiraho no kubungabunga ntibakeneye gukorera ku nkengero z'amazi mabi cyangwa mu gihe cy'imyuzure, kugira ngo bagire umutekano.
  • Ubuziranenge bw'amakuru: Itanga amakuru y'ingenzi kandi ahoraho yo kuburira abantu ku myuzure no kugenzura umutungo w'amazi.

Ikibazo cya 2: Urusobe rw'amazi mu mijyi n'igenzura ry'amazi anyura mu mijyi

• Ikibazo: Imiterere y'imbere mu miyoboro y'amazi mabi yo mu mijyi n'imiyoboro y'amazi irakomeye, ifite ibibazo nka biogas yangiza, gushwanyagurika kw'amazi mu busitani, no kwangiza udukoko. Ibikoresho byo gupima aho amazi anyura birushaho kwangirika kandi bigoye kubungabunga.
• Umuti: Shyira ibipimo bya radar bifite uburinzi bwinshi (bishobora kwirinda guturika) imbere mu bifuniko by'amazi cyangwa imitako kugira ngo upime urugero rw'amazi ari mu mwobo.
• Ibisubizo:
  • Irwanya ingese: Igipimo cyo gupima kidahuye n'amazi ntabwo kigizweho ingaruka n'imyuka yangiza iri mu mwobo.
  • Kurwanya Ubutaka: Birinda ko sensor inanirwa gukora bitewe no gutwikirwa mu butare.
  • Igenzura ry’igihe nyacyo: Ikurikirana ingano y’imiyoboro y’amazi mu gihe nyacyo, itanga inkunga y’amakuru yo kohereza amazi mu mijyi no kuburira amazi agwa, ikagira uruhare mu bikorwa bya “Smart Water” na “Sponge City”.

Urubanza rwa 3: Igenzura ry'umutekano w'ikigega n'urugomero

• Ikibazo: Igipimo cy'amazi mu kigega ni ikintu cy'ingenzi gikoreshwa, gisaba gupima neza kandi byizewe. Uburyo gakondo bushobora kugira ingaruka ku mikurire y'ibimera ku musozi w'urugomero mu gace gahinduka.
• Umuti: Shyira ibipimo bya radar bifite ubuhanga bwo hejuru ku mpande zombi z'inzira y'amazi yo mu rugomero cyangwa ku munara wo kugenzura kugira ngo urebe ingano y'ikigega mu gihe nyacyo.
• Ibisubizo:
  • Kwizerwa cyane: Bitanga amakuru y'ingenzi cyane mu mikorere yo kurwanya umwuzure w'ibigega n'amazi.
  • Guhuza neza: Amakuru ashobora gushyirwa mu buryo butaziguye muri sisitemu zo gutanga raporo ku mvura igwa mu buryo bwikora no muri sisitemu zo kugenzura umutekano w’ingomero, bigatuma habaho imicungire yikora.
  • Ihindagurika ry'igihe kirekire: Nta kwangirika cyane, bitanga amakuru ahoraho mu gihe kirekire, ni byiza cyane mu kugenzura umutekano.

Ingingo ya 4: Gupima amazi mu buryo bwikora mu miyoboro yo kuhira

• Ikibazo: Imiyoboro yo kuhira mu buhinzi ifite amazi yoroshye ariko ishobora kuba irimo ibyatsi bibi. Uburyo bwo gupima budasaba kwitabwaho cyane burakenewe kugira ngo umutungo w'amazi ucungwe neza kandi wishyurwe neza.
• Umuti: Shyira ibipimo by'urwego rwa radar ku bice by'ingenzi (urugero, amarembo, amafuru). Mu gupima urugero rw'amazi no kuyahuza n'igice cy'umuyoboro n'icyitegererezo cya hydraulic, umuvuduko w'amazi uhita uvamo n'ingano ihuriranye birabarwa.
• Ibisubizo:
  • Gushyiramo byoroshye: Nta mpamvu yo kubaka inyubako zigoye zo gupima mu muyoboro.
  • Gusoma metero zikoreshwa kure: Bihujwe n'ibikoresho bya telemetry, bituma amakuru akusanywa kandi akishyurwa mu buryo bwikora, bikanavugurura imicungire y'imvura.

Incamake

Ibipimo bya radar y’amazi, bifite imiterere igaragara yo kudakora ku buryo buhuye n’amazi, gukora neza cyane, kwizera cyane, no kudakora neza, birimo kuba bimwe mu ikoranabuhanga rikunzwe cyane mu kugenzura amazi n’umutungo w’amazi bigezweho. Bikemura neza ibibazo byinshi bikunze kugaragara mu buryo busanzwe bwo gupima amazi mu bidukikije bigoye, bitanga ubufasha bukomeye mu buvuzi bw’imyuzure, gucunga umutungo w’amazi, gukumira amazi mu mijyi, no gukora neza imishinga y’ubuhanga mu by’amazi.

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