Inyigo ku buryo bwo kuburira abantu hakiri kare imyuzure muri Indoneziya: Uburyo bugezweho bwo guhuza Radar, Imvura, n'ibikoresho byo kwimura abantu

Nk’igihugu kinini ku isi gikunze kuba mu turere dushyuha cyane, giherereye mu turere dushyuha dufite imvura nyinshi n’ibihe bibi by’ikirere, Indoneziya ihura n’imyuzure nk’ibiza bikunze kugaragara kandi byangiza byinshi. Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, guverinoma ya Indoneziya yateje imbere cyane iyubakwa rya sisitemu igezweho yo kuburira abantu hakiri kare (FEWS) ishingiye kuri interineti y’ibintu (IoT) n’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo kumenya mu myaka ya vuba aha. Muri ubwo ikoranabuhanga, ibipimo bya radar, ibipimo by’imvura, n’ibikoresho byo kumenya aho ibintu biherereye ni byo bikoresho by’ingenzi byo kubona amakuru, bigira uruhare runini.

Ibi bikurikira ni urugero rwuzuye rw'uburyo iri koranabuhanga rikorana mu bikorwa.

I. Inkomoko y'umushinga: Jakarta n'ikibaya cy'uruzi rwa Ciliwung

• Aho biherereye: Umurwa mukuru wa Indoneziya, Jakarta, n'ikibaya cy'uruzi rwa Ciliwung gitemba mu mujyi.
• Ikibazo: Jakarta iri mu kibaya kandi ituwe cyane. Uruzi rwa Ciliwung rukunze kuzura mu gihe cy'imvura, bigatera imyuzure ikomeye mu mijyi n'imyuzure y'imigezi, bigateza akaga gakomeye ku buzima n'imitungo. Uburyo gakondo bwo kuburira bushingiye ku kwitegereza intoki ntibwashoboraga kongera guhaza icyifuzo cyo kuburira hakiri kare byihuse kandi neza.

II. Inyigo yimbitse y'ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga

FEWS muri aka karere ni sisitemu yikora ihuza gukusanya amakuru, kuyakwirakwiza, kuyasesengura no kuyakwirakwiza. Ubwo bwoko butatu bw'ibipimo bigize "imitsi y'imyakura" y'iyi sisitemu.

1. Igipimo cy'imvura – "Aho gutangirira" ku muburo hakiri kare

• Ikoranabuhanga n'Imikorere: Ibipimo by'imvura bipima amazi mu ndobo zigwa bishyirwa ahantu h'ingenzi mu mazi yo hejuru y'uruzi rwa Ciliwung (urugero, agace ka Bogor). Bipima ubukana bw'imvura n'ubwiyongere bwayo bibara inshuro imvura nto igwa nyuma yo kuzura amazi y'imvura. Aya makuru ni yo makuru y'ibanze kandi y'ingenzi mu guhanura imyuzure.
• Ishusho y'Ikoreshwa: Gukurikirana imvura mu gihe nyacyo mu turere two hejuru y'uruzi. Imvura nyinshi ni yo mpamvu itaziguye itera kwiyongera k'amazi y'imigezi. Amakuru yoherezwa mu gihe nyacyo mu kigo gitunganya amakuru binyuze mu miyoboro ya interineti idafite umugozi (urugero, GSM/GPRS cyangwa LoRaWAN).
• Inshingano: Itanga uburinzi bushingiye ku mvura. Iyo ubukana bw'imvura ku rugero runaka burenze urugero rwagenwe mu gihe gito, sisitemu ihita itanga uburinzi bwa mbere, igaragaza ko hashobora kubaho umwuzure uturutse mu mazi no kugura igihe cy'ingirakamaro cyo gusubiza nyuma.

2. Igipimo cy'umuvuduko wa Radar – “Ijisho ryitonderwa” ry’ingenzi

• Ikoranabuhanga n'Imikorere: Ibipimo by'amazi bidakora kuri radar (akenshi birimo ibipima amazi ku rugero rwa radar n'ibipima umuvuduko w'ubuso bwa radar) bishyirwa ku biraro cyangwa ku nkengero z'uruzi rwa Ciliwung n'imigezi yarwo minini. Bipima uburebure bw'amazi (H) n'umuvuduko w'ubuso bw'uruzi (V) neza binyuze mu kohereza mikoroonde ku buso bw'amazi no kwakira ibimenyetso byagaragajwe.
• Uburyo bwo kuyikoresha: Bisimbura ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gupima aho amazi anyura (nk'ibikoresho byo gupima ikirere cyangwa ibyo gupima umuvuduko), bishobora kuziba kandi bigasaba kwitabwaho cyane. Ikoranabuhanga rya radar ntirishobora kwangiza imyanda, ibisigazwa by'amazi, ndetse n'ingese, bigatuma ikoreshwa neza cyane mu migezi yo muri Indoneziya.
• Inshingano:
  • Igenzura ry'urwego rw'amazi: Ikurikirana urugero rw'amazi mu gihe nyacyo; ihita imenyesha ku rwego rutandukanye ako kanya iyo urugero rw'amazi rurenze urugero rw'umuburo.
  • Kubara amazi anyura: Hamwe n'amakuru yateguwe mbere y'uko amazi anyura mu ruzi, sisitemu ihita ibarura amazi anyura mu ruzi mu gihe nyacyo (Q = A * V, aho A ari agace kanyuramo). Amaraso y'amazi ni ikimenyetso cy'amazi cya siyansi kurusha amazi yonyine, gitanga ishusho nyayo y'ubunini n'imbaraga by'umwuzure.

3. Sensor y'aho abantu bajyanwa mu bindi bice by'inzu – “Igenzura ry'ubuzima” ry'ibikorwa remezo

• Ikoranabuhanga n'Imikorere: Ibipimo by'imitako n'ibipimo by'imitako bishyirwa ku bikorwa remezo by'ingenzi byo kurwanya imyuzure, nk'inkuta zirinda imyuzure, n'ibiraro bishyigikiwe. Ibi bipimo by'imitako bishobora kugenzura niba inyubako irimo kwangirika, gutuza, cyangwa kugorama ku rwego rwa milimetero cyangwa hejuru.
• Ishusho y'Ikoreshwa: Gutakaza ubutaka ni ikibazo gikomeye mu bice bya Jakarta, bikaba bibangamira umutekano w'inyubako zo kurwanya imyuzure nk'aho amazi anyura. Ibikoresho byo gupima imyuzure bishyirwa mu bice by'ingenzi aho bishobora guteza ibyago.
• Inshingano: Itanga umuburo ku miterere y'inyubako. Mu gihe cy'umwuzure, amazi menshi ashyira igitutu gikomeye ku nkuta. Ibyuma bipima aho inyubako zigomba kwimurwa bishobora kubona imiterere mito y'inyubako. Iyo igipimo cyo guhinduka kibaye cyihuta cyangwa kirenze urugero rw'umutekano, sisitemu itangaza ko hashobora kubaho ibiza nk'ingomero cyangwa isuri. Ibi biyobora abantu kwimuka no gusana byihutirwa, bikarinda ingaruka mbi.

III. Guhuza sisitemu n'imikorere yayo

Izi sensor ntizikora ukwazo ahubwo zikora ku buryo buhuriweho binyuze kuri platform ihuriweho:

1. Gukusanya amakuru: Buri sensor ikusanya amakuru mu buryo bwikora kandi buhoraho.
2. Kohereza amakuru: Amakuru yoherezwa mu buryo bwihuse kuri seriveri y'amakuru yo mu karere cyangwa yo mu gace k'amakuru binyuze mu miyoboro y'itumanaho idakoresha umugozi.
3. Isesengura ry'amakuru no gufata ibyemezo: Porogaramu yo gushushanya amazi muri icyo kigo ihuza amakuru y'imvura, urugero rw'amazi, n'amakuru asohora amazi kugira ngo ikore simulations iteganya igihe cyo kugera n'ingano y'imyuzure. Muri icyo gihe, amakuru ajyanye n'impinduka mu miyoboro y'amazi asesengurwa ukwayo kugira ngo harebwe uburyo ibikorwa remezo bihagaze neza.
4. Gukwirakwiza amakuru: Iyo amakuru yose cyangwa uruvange rw'amakuru rurenze urugero rw'amakuru rwashyizweho mbere, sisitemu itanga amakuru ku nzego zitandukanye binyuze mu buryo butandukanye nka SMS, porogaramu za telefoni zigendanwa, imbuga nkoranyambaga, n'amajwi agenewe inzego za leta, amashami ashinzwe ubutabazi bwihutirwa, ndetse n'abaturage batuye mu duce two ku nkengero z'uruzi.

IV. Ingufu n'imbogamizi

• Ingufu:
  • Igihe cyo Kwita ku Bakozi cyongerewe: Igihe cyo Kwita ku Bakozi cyariyongereye uvuye ku masaha make mu gihe cyashize ugera ku masaha 24-48 ubu, bikongera cyane ubushobozi bwo kwita ku bibazo byihutirwa.
  • Gufata ibyemezo bya siyansi: Amabwiriza yo kwimura abantu no gutanga umutungo ni ingirakamaro kandi asobanutse neza, hashingiwe ku makuru aboneka mu gihe nyacyo n'uburyo bwo gusesengura.
  • Kugabanya igihombo cy'ubuzima n'imitungo: Kuburira hakiri kare birinda impanuka no kugabanya ibyangiritse ku mitungo.
  • Igenzura ry’umutekano w’ibikorwa remezo: Rituma habaho igenzura ry’ubuzima ry’inyubako zishinzwe kurwanya imyuzure mu buryo bw’ubwenge kandi busanzwe.
• Imbogamizi:
  • Ikiguzi cyo kubaka no kubungabunga: Umuyoboro w’ibikoresho bipima ukorera ahantu hanini usaba ishoramari rinini ry’ibanze n’amafaranga ahoraho yo kubungabunga.
  • Uburyo bwo gutanga amakuru: Uburyo bwo gutanga amakuru buhamye buracyari ikibazo mu turere tw’imisozi miremire.
  • Ubukangurambaga ku Baturage: Gutanga ubutumwa bw'uburinzi ku bakoresha ikoranabuhanga no kubashishikariza gufata ingamba zikwiye bisaba amahugurwa n'imyitozo ihoraho.

Umwanzuro

Indoneziya, cyane cyane mu turere twibasirwa n’imyuzure nka Jakarta, irimo kubaka uburyo bwo kuburira hakiri kare imyuzure binyuze mu gushyiraho uburyo bwo kuburira hakiri kare bugezweho bugaragazwa n’ibipimo bya radar, ibipimo by’imvura, n’ibipimo by’imigendere. Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekana neza uburyo uburyo bwo kugenzura buhuriweho—guhuza ikirere (gukurikirana imvura), ubutaka (gukurikirana imigezi), n’ubuhanga (gukurikirana ibikorwa remezo)—bushobora guhindura uburyo bwo guhangana n’ibiza kuva ku gutabara nyuma y’impanuka kugeza ku kuburira mbere y’impanuka no gukumira ingaruka, bigatanga ubunararibonye bw’ingirakamaro ku bihugu n’uturere duhura n’ibibazo nk’ibyo ku isi.

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